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Micromachines
Special Issues
Miniaturized Generators
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Miniaturized Generators

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "A：Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 May 2020) | Viewed by 11833

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Simon Lineykin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
Interests: analog electronic design; ultra-low noise systems and sensors; magneto-electric sensors; magneto-optical sensors; system design using computer aided design software; modeling and emulation of the physical processes; precision motion control and positioning; power system analysis and design; RF and Terahertz system design; THz vision systems; VLSI; MEMS; micro-robots; active cooling systems using Peltier effect; thermoelectric power generation; control systems; energy harvesting
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Miniaturized, small-size, down-scalable, on-chip, etc. generators are a relatively new field of research, and such products are more exotic than popular at this stage. However, the demand for such generators is growing at a rapid pace today. On land, in the ocean, and in space, there are already plenty of high-tech appliances with low and ultra-low power consumption, which require long-term autonomous power sources. Smart networks are under development now, anticipated to be widespread in the near future, and they consist of thousands of sensors that interact with each other and must work off-grid. In this issue, we would like to discuss the diversity and potential of the existing energy sources suitable for conversion into electricity on a low power scale, and transducers for such energy conversion. Of particular interest are mini-generators using renewable energy. This issue’s scope includes electrostatic, electromagnetic, piezoelectric, thermoelectric, micromechanical, fuel-cell, photoelectric, and other generators using acoustic vibrations, waste heat, radioisotope heat, chemical reactions, solar or artificial light, etc. as a source. Тhe miniaturized generators, on-chip generators, MEMS, or potentially down-scalable to miniature-size generators are also of interest for this issue. Of no less interest are applications of miniaturized generators, such as battery replacements in wireless sensors, self-powered chips, applications for smart networks, etc. We invite researchers, scientists, inventors, and engineers to participate in this Special Issue. We are interested in research articles, comments, and reviews on the topics of physical potential, possible topologies, methods of analysis, mathematical modeling and ways of production of miniaturized generators.

Dr. Simon Lineykin
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • On-chip generators
  • Miniaturized generators
  • Low power generators
  • MEMS-based generators
  • Battery replacement for wireless sensors

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3947 KiB  
Article
Improved Atomization via a Mechanical Atomizer with Optimal Geometric Parameters and an Air-Assisted Component
by Inna Levitsky and Dorith Tavor
Micromachines 2020, 11(6), 584; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11060584 - 11 Jun 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3627
Abstract
Atomization of liquid media is a key aim in various technological disciplines, and solutions that improve spray performance, while decreasing energy consumption, are in great demand. That concept is very important in the development of liquid fuel spray atomizers in high-efficiency microturbines and [...] Read more.
Atomization of liquid media is a key aim in various technological disciplines, and solutions that improve spray performance, while decreasing energy consumption, are in great demand. That concept is very important in the development of liquid fuel spray atomizers in high-efficiency microturbines and other generator systems with low inlet pressure and a wide range of power supply. Here we present a study of the liquid atomization characteristics for a new mechanical atomizer that has optimal geometric parameters and a preliminary swirl stage. In our air-assisted atomizer, air is introduced through a swirl chamber positioned at the exit of the mechanical atomizer. The optimized mechanical atomizer alone can achieve D32 drop diameters in the range of 80 to 40 µm at water supply pressures of 2 to 5 bar, respectively. The addition of an air swirl chamber substantially decreases drop sizes. At an air–liquid ratio (ALR) equal to 1, water pressures of 2.5 to 3 bar and air supply pressures 0.35 to 1 bar, D32 drops with diameters of 20–30 µm were obtained. In an air-assisted atomizer the parameters of the mechanical atomizer have a much stronger influence on drop diameters than do characteristics of the air-swirl chamber. Using a mechanical atomizer with optimal geometrical dimensions allows limiting the liquid supply pressure to 5 bar; but when an air-assisted component is introduced we can recommend an ALR ≈ 1 and an air supply pressure of up to 1 bar. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Miniaturized Generators)
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19 pages, 8696 KiB  
Article
Spatial Equivalent Circuit Model for Simulation of On-Chip Thermoelectric Harvesters
by Simon Lineykin, Moshe Sitbon and Alon Kuperman
Micromachines 2020, 11(6), 574; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11060574 - 6 Jun 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2374
Abstract
Interest in autonomous low-power energy sources has risen with the development and widespread use of devices with very low energy consumption. Interest in thermoelectric harvesters has increased against this background. Thermoelectric harvesters, especially harvesters on-chip, have peculiar properties related to the thermal route, [...] Read more.
Interest in autonomous low-power energy sources has risen with the development and widespread use of devices with very low energy consumption. Interest in thermoelectric harvesters has increased against this background. Thermoelectric harvesters, especially harvesters on-chip, have peculiar properties related to the thermal route, thermal transients, and spatial temperature distribution within the chip. A behavioral model of the harvester is required for engineers to successfully develop voltage converters with maximum power point tracking and energy storage units. There are accurate models based on the finite element method, but these models are usually not compatible with simulators of electrical circuits, and therefore are not convenient for designers. Existing equivalent circuit models fit this requirement, but usually do not consider many parameters. This article proposes an original method that allows simulating spatial thermoelectric processes by analogy with the finite difference method, using electrical circuits simulations software. The study proposes a complete methodology for building the model and examples of simulations of one-, two- and three-dimensional problems, as well as examples of simulation of macro problems in the presence of external thermal and electrical devices, such as heatsink and electrical load. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Miniaturized Generators)
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11 pages, 2526 KiB  
Article
Accurate Measurements of the Rotational Velocities of Brushless Direct-Current Motors by Using an Ultrasensitive Magnetoimpedance Sensing System
by Tao Wang, Bicong Wang, Yufeng Luo, Hengyu Li, Jinjun Rao, Zhizheng Wu and Mei Liu
Micromachines 2019, 10(12), 859; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi10120859 - 6 Dec 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2690
Abstract
Reports on measurements of the rotational velocity by using giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) sensors are rarely seen. In this study, a rotational-velocity sensing system based on GMI effect was established to measure rotational velocities of brushless direct-current motors. Square waves and sawtooth waves were [...] Read more.
Reports on measurements of the rotational velocity by using giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) sensors are rarely seen. In this study, a rotational-velocity sensing system based on GMI effect was established to measure rotational velocities of brushless direct-current motors. Square waves and sawtooth waves were observed due to the rotation of the shaft. We also found that the square waves gradually became sawtooth waves with increasing the measurement distance and rotational velocity. The GMI-based rotational-velocity measurement results (1000–4300 r/min) were further confirmed using the Hall sensor. This GMI sensor is capable of measuring ultrahigh rotational velocity of 84,000 r/min with a large voltage response of 5 V, even when setting a large measurement distance of 9 cm. Accordingly, the GMI sensor is very useful for sensitive measurements of high rotational velocity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Miniaturized Generators)
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Other

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9 pages, 2906 KiB  
Brief Report
Hybrid Internal Combustion Engine Based Auxiliary Power Unit
by Vladimir Yuhimenko, Dmitry Baimel, Moshe Sitbon, Moshe Averbukh, Simon Lineykin and Alon Kuperman
Micromachines 2020, 11(4), 438; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11040438 - 21 Apr 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2731
Abstract
The brief presents some principles of the ON/OFF operational strategy applied to energy management of a hybrid internal combustion engine (ICE) based auxiliary power unit (APU). It is shown that significant reduction of fuel consumption (78% for the example system presented) and maintenance [...] Read more.
The brief presents some principles of the ON/OFF operational strategy applied to energy management of a hybrid internal combustion engine (ICE) based auxiliary power unit (APU). It is shown that significant reduction of fuel consumption (78% for the example system presented) and maintenance expenses (80% operation time decrease was attained by the system) may be achieved by such a strategy, shifting the system operation point towards corresponding optimal region. The side effect of aggravated amount of starting events is cured by employing an actively balanced supercapacitor (SC)-based emergency starter (SCS). The SCS operates as short-time energy storage device, charging from the battery at a low rate and then providing a current burst required for proper internal combustion engine starting. Current sensorless method of automatic connection (based on bus voltage sensing) and disconnection (based on sensing the voltage across bidirectional MOSFET-based switch) of the SCS is also proposed. The proposed circuitry, successfully validated by experiments, may be arbitrarily scaled up or down according to application rating. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Miniaturized Generators)
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