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Micromachines
Special Issues
Self-Tuning and Self-Powered Energy Harvesting Technology Toward Battery-Free IoT
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Self-Tuning and Self-Powered Energy Harvesting Technology Toward Battery-Free IoT

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "E：Engineering and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2025 | Viewed by 5057

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Weiqun Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610032, China
Interests: energy harvesting; nonlinear dynamics; energy management system; sensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yupei Jian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
Interests: energy harvesting; metamaterial; vibration control; sensors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Internet of Things (IoT) technology is increasingly penetrating all facets of human activity, with the number of IoT devices now being in the billions worldwide. This large increase has led to a massive demand for electricity, and the reliance on chemical batteries contributes significantly to environmental pollution. Therefore, the development of self-powered technology through ambient energy harvesting presents a promising avenue towards achieving battery-free IoT devices.

One of the primary challenges in realizing battery-free IoT lies in efficiently harvesting electricity from ambient environments characterized by limited energy density and frequency uncertainty. On the one hand, mechanical structure with nonlinearity or energy localization effects shows the potential to enhance power density. On the other hand, utilizing reconfigurable structures and self-adjustable strategies of interface circuits can enable the operating bandwidth of generators to adapt to diverse environmental conditions. This Special Issue is aimed at showcasing innovative strategies and progress in energy harvesters featuring self-powered and self-tuning capabilities, encompassing research papers, short communications, and review articles. The range of the topics may include but need not be limited to the following aspects: 1) reconfigurable and tunable structures with wide operating bandwidth for energy harvesting, 2) self-adjustable strategies for interface circuits of generator, 3) novel metamaterial-based generators with enhanced power density, 4) achievement of self-powered interface circuits, 5) refined modeling methods of energy harvesters, and 6) applications of self-powered technology in battery-free IoT devices.

Prof. Dr. Weiqun Liu
Guest Editor

Dr. Yupei Jian
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mechanical structure design of energy harvesters
  • reconfigurable generator for frequency self-tuning
  • metamaterial-based generator
  • high-efficiency shunt circuits for energy harvesters
  • self-adaptation generator

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

27 pages, 4639 KiB  
Article
Operator-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator Power Management and Output Voltage Control
by Chengyao Liu, Ryusei Shimane and Mingcong Deng
Micromachines 2024, 15(9), 1114; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15091114 - 31 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1092
Abstract
In this paper, an operator-based voltage control method for TENGs is investigated, achieving output voltage tracking without compensators and uncertainty suppression using robust right coprime factorization. Initially, a comprehensive simulation-capable circuit model for TENGs is developed, integrating their open-circuit voltage and variable capacitance [...] Read more.
In this paper, an operator-based voltage control method for TENGs is investigated, achieving output voltage tracking without compensators and uncertainty suppression using robust right coprime factorization. Initially, a comprehensive simulation-capable circuit model for TENGs is developed, integrating their open-circuit voltage and variable capacitance characteristics. This model is implemented to simulate the behavior of TENGs with a rectifier bridge and capacitive load. To address the high-voltage, low-current pulsating nature of TENG outputs, a storage capacitor switching model is designed to effectively transfer the pulsating energy. This switching model is directly connected to a buck converter and operates under a unified control strategy. A complete TENG power management system was established based on this model, incorporating an operator theory-based control strategy. This strategy ensures steady output voltage under varying load conditions without using compensators, thereby reducing disturbances. Simulation results validate the feasibility of the proposed TENG system and the efficacy of the control strategy, providing a robust framework for optimizing TENG energy harvesting and management systems with significant potential for practical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Self-Tuning and Self-Powered Energy Harvesting Technology Toward Battery-Free IoT)
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18 pages, 6867 KiB  
Article
Modeling and Experimental Study of Vibration Energy Harvester with Triple-Frequency-Up Voltage Output by Vibration Mode Switching
by Jiawen Xu, Zhikang Liu, Wenxing Dai, Ru Zhang and Jianjun Ge
Micromachines 2024, 15(8), 1013; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15081013 - 6 Aug 2024
Viewed by 2830
Abstract
Conventional wireless sensors rely on chemical batteries. Replacing or charging their batteries is tedious and costly in some situations. As usable kinetic energy exists in the environment, harvesting vibration energy and converting it into electrical energy has become a hotspot. However, the power [...] Read more.
Conventional wireless sensors rely on chemical batteries. Replacing or charging their batteries is tedious and costly in some situations. As usable kinetic energy exists in the environment, harvesting vibration energy and converting it into electrical energy has become a hotspot. However, the power output capability of a conventional piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) is limited by its low operational frequency. This paper presents a new mechanism for achieving continuous triple-frequency-up voltage output in a PEH. The proposed system consists of a slender piezoelectric cantilever with two short cantilever-based stoppers. The piezoelectric cantilever undergoes a pure bending mode without contacting the stoppers. In addition, the beam switches into a new vibration mode by contacting the stoppers. The vibration modes switching yields reverses the signs of voltage outputs, inducing triple-frequency-up voltage output. Analytical and experimental investigations are presented, and it is shown that a significant triple-frequency up-conversion of the voltage output can be obtained over a wide frequency range. A peak power output of 3.03 mW was obtained. The proposed energy harvester can support a wireless sensor node. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Self-Tuning and Self-Powered Energy Harvesting Technology Toward Battery-Free IoT)
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15 pages, 5320 KiB  
Article
Characteristic Study of a Typical Satellite Solar Panel under Mechanical Vibrations
by Xin Shen, Yipeng Wu, Quan Yuan, Junfeng He, Chunhua Zhou and Junfeng Shen
Micromachines 2024, 15(8), 996; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15080996 - 31 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 869
Abstract
As the most common energy source of spacecraft, photovoltaic (PV) power generation has become one of the hottest research fields. During the on-orbit operation of spacecraft, the influence of various uncertain factors and the unbalanced inertial force will make the solar PV wing [...] Read more.
As the most common energy source of spacecraft, photovoltaic (PV) power generation has become one of the hottest research fields. During the on-orbit operation of spacecraft, the influence of various uncertain factors and the unbalanced inertial force will make the solar PV wing vibrate and degrade its performance. In this study, we investigated the influence of mechanical vibration on the output characteristics of PV array systems. Specifically, we focused on a three-segment solar panel commonly found on satellites, analyzing both its dynamic response and electrical output characteristics under mechanical vibration using numerical simulation software. The correctness of the simulation model was partly confirmed by experiments. The results showed that the maximum output power of the selected solar panel was reduced by 5.53% and its fill factor exhibited a decline from the original value of 0.8031 to 0.7587, provided that the external load applied on the panel increased to 10 N/m2, i.e., the vibration frequency and the maximal deflection angle were 0.3754 Hz and 74.9871°, respectively. These findings highlight a significant decrease in the overall energy conversion efficiency of the solar panel when operating under vibration conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Self-Tuning and Self-Powered Energy Harvesting Technology Toward Battery-Free IoT)
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