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Micromachines
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Recent Advance in Piezoelectric Actuators and Motors 2023
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Recent Advance in Piezoelectric Actuators and Motors 2023

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "A：Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 13116

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Liang Wang

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Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
Interests: piezoelectric actuators and motors; piezoelectric robots
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Dalius Mažeika

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
Interests: piezoelectric actuators; piezoelectric motors; piezoelectric transducers; piezoelectric energy harvesters
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Having emerged over 40 years ago as a smart servo and control system, piezoelectric actuators and motors have been applied in many industry fields, such as aerospace, weapons, optical instruments, biomedical equipment, etc., the advantages of a simple configuration, light weight, high-precision positioning, no electromagnetic interference, self-locking when powered off, and a fast response highlighting the benefits of piezoelectric actuators and motors, promoting their industrial applications. In the past 10 years, a series of novel piezoelectric actuators and motors with new structures and principles has been successively developed, greatly and significantly facilitating the progress of piezoelectric actuation technology. To further advance piezoelectric actuation technology and its applications in high-end equipment, this Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers, communications, and review articles focusing on recent advances of piezoelectric actuators and motors, including their design, modeling, simulation, experiments, and applications.

We look forward to receiving your submissions!

Dr. Liang Wang
Prof. Dr. Dalius Mažeika
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • piezoelectric actuators
  • ultrasonic motors
  • piezoelectric transducers
  • piezoelectric mirrors
  • piezoelectric transducer arrays
  • energy harvesting
  • vibration control
  • piezoelectric actuator and motor modeling
  • piezoelectric actuator and motor applications: aerospace, weapons, optical instruments, biomedical equipment, other

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Related Special Issues

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 9320 KiB  
Article
Low Profile Triangle-Shaped Piezoelectric Rotary Motor
by Andrius Čeponis, Vytautas Jūrėnas and Dalius Mažeika
Micromachines 2024, 15(1), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15010132 - 13 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1395
Abstract
In this paper, we present research on a novel low-profile piezoelectric rotary motor with a triangle-shaped stator. The stator of the motor comprises three interconnected piezoelectric bimorph plates forming an equilateral triangle. Bimorph plates consist of a passive layer fabricated from stainless steel [...] Read more.
In this paper, we present research on a novel low-profile piezoelectric rotary motor with a triangle-shaped stator. The stator of the motor comprises three interconnected piezoelectric bimorph plates forming an equilateral triangle. Bimorph plates consist of a passive layer fabricated from stainless steel and four piezo ceramic plates glued to the upper and lower surfaces. Furthermore, spherical contacts are positioned on each bimorph plate at an offset from the plate’s center. Vibrations from the stator are induced by a single sawtooth-type electric signal while the frequency of the excitation signal is close to the resonant frequency of the second out-of-plane bending mode of the bimorph plate. The offset of the spherical contacts allows for a half-elliptical motion trajectory. By contrast, the forward and backward motion velocities of the contacts differ due to the asymmetrical excitation signal. The inertial principle of the motor and the angular motion of the rotor were obtained. Numerical and experimental investigations showed that the motor operates at a frequency of 21.18 kHz and achieves a maximum angular speed of 118 RPM at a voltage of 200 Vp-p. Additionally, an output torque of 18.3 mN·mm was obtained under the same voltage. The ratio between motor torque and weight is 36 mN·mm/g, while the ratio of angular speed and weight is 28.09 RPM/g. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advance in Piezoelectric Actuators and Motors 2023)
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11 pages, 5440 KiB  
Article
Study on the Cooling Performance of a Focused Ultrasonic Radiator for Electrical Heating Elements
by Songfei Su, Yang Wang, Lukai Zheng, Mengxin Sun, Qiang Tang and Huiyu Huang
Micromachines 2024, 15(1), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15010116 - 10 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1205
Abstract
In this work, a focused ultrasonic radiator is proposed for cooling the electrical heating elements in the focal region, and its working characteristics are investigated. The analyses of the FEM computational and flow field visualization test results indicate that focused ultrasound can generate [...] Read more.
In this work, a focused ultrasonic radiator is proposed for cooling the electrical heating elements in the focal region, and its working characteristics are investigated. The analyses of the FEM computational and flow field visualization test results indicate that focused ultrasound can generate forced convective heat transfer by the acoustic streaming in the focal region, which can cool the heating elements effectively. Experiments show that when the input voltage is 30Vp-p and the ambient temperature is 25 °C, the focused ultrasonic radiator can cause the surface temperature of the heating element (high-temperature alumina ceramic heating plate with a diameter of 5 mm) in the focal region to drop from 100 °C to about 55 °C. When the diameter of the electrical heating element is changed from 5 mm to 30 mm, the cooling effect is similar in the focal region. Compared with a fan, the focused ultrasound radiator has a shorter cooling time and a more concentrated cooling area. The focused ultrasonic radiator proposed in this work is suitable for some special environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advance in Piezoelectric Actuators and Motors 2023)
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17 pages, 6335 KiB  
Article
Design and Experimental Study of Longitudinal-Torsional Composite Ultrasonic Internal Grinding Horn
by Hongyin Zhang, Feng Jiao, Ying Niu, Chenglong Li, Ziqiang Zhang and Jinglin Tong
Micromachines 2023, 14(11), 2056; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14112056 - 2 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1532
Abstract
Longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration has been widely used in grinding. This paper aims to solve the problem that the resonance frequency deviates greatly from the theoretical design frequency and the vibration mode is poor when the horn is matched with a larger tool [...] Read more.
Longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration has been widely used in grinding. This paper aims to solve the problem that the resonance frequency deviates greatly from the theoretical design frequency and the vibration mode is poor when the horn is matched with a larger tool head. This paper presents how the longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic conical transition horn was designed and optimized by the transfer matrix theory and finite element simulation. For this purpose, the spiral groove parameters were optimized and selected by finite element simulation. Then, the modal analysis and transient dynamic analysis of the horn with grinding wheel were carried out to verify the correctness of the theoretical calculation. The impedance analysis and amplitude test of the horn with grinding wheel were carried out. The test results were in very good agreement with the theoretical and simulation results. Finally, the grinding experiment was carried out. The surface roughness of the workpiece in longitudinal-torsional ultrasonic vibration grinding was obviously reduced compared to that of ordinary grinding. All these obtained results demonstrate that the designed longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic horn has very good operational performance for practical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advance in Piezoelectric Actuators and Motors 2023)
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14 pages, 3828 KiB  
Article
A Dual-Inlet Pump with a Simple Valves System
by Le Wang, Junming Liu, Xin Wang and Si Chen
Micromachines 2023, 14(9), 1733; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14091733 - 4 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1458
Abstract
To ameliorate the deficient output flow performance of the piezoelectric pumps with cantilever valves, a dual-inlet pump with a simple valves system is proposed. On the basis of explaining the structure design of the prototype, the working principle of the prototype is explained, [...] Read more.
To ameliorate the deficient output flow performance of the piezoelectric pumps with cantilever valves, a dual-inlet pump with a simple valves system is proposed. On the basis of explaining the structure design of the prototype, the working principle of the prototype is explained, and the output flow is theoretically analyzed. Then, the manufacturing process of the prototype is introduced. The general operating frequency of the pump was obtained by combining the finite element analysis of the piezoelectric actuator under dry and wet modes with the mechanical vibration test, and a series of measured flow rates were compared and improved through valve stiffness optimization and pump chamber height adjustment in the subsequent control experiment. The proposed piezoelectric pump achieves a maximum flow rate of 33.18 mL/min at a 180 Vp-p voltage with the driving frequency of 100 Hz, which may bring new inspiration for the application of small intelligent pumps in the field of microfluidics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advance in Piezoelectric Actuators and Motors 2023)
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10 pages, 6266 KiB  
Article
Intelligent Device for Harvesting the Vibration Energy of the Automobile Exhaust with a Piezoelectric Generator
by Jie Huang, Cheng Xu, Nan Ma, Qinghui Zhou, Zhaohua Ji, Chunxia Jia, Shan Xiao and Peng Wang
Micromachines 2023, 14(2), 491; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14020491 - 20 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2175
Abstract
With increasing consumption of energy and increasing environmental pollution, research on capturing the vibration energy lost during transportation and vehicle driving is growing rapidly. There is a large amount of vibration energy in the automobile exhaust system that can be recycled. This paper [...] Read more.
With increasing consumption of energy and increasing environmental pollution, research on capturing the vibration energy lost during transportation and vehicle driving is growing rapidly. There is a large amount of vibration energy in the automobile exhaust system that can be recycled. This paper proposes a self-powered intelligent device (SPID) using a piezoelectric energy generator. The SPID includes a piezoelectric generator and sensor unit, and the generator is installed at the end of the automobile exhaust system. The generator adopts a parallel structure of four piezoelectric power generation units, and the sensing unit comprises light-emitting diode warning lights or low-power sensors. A simulated excitation experiment verifies the working state and peak power of the piezoelectric generator unit, which can achieve 23.4 μW peak power. The self-power supply and signal monitoring functions of the intelligent device are verified in experiments conducted for driving light-emitting diode lights and low-power sensors. The device is expected to play a crucial role in the field of intelligent driving and automobile intelligence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advance in Piezoelectric Actuators and Motors 2023)
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16 pages, 4818 KiB  
Article
Modeling of Shunted Piezoelectrics and Enhancement of Vibration Suppression through an Auxetic Interface
by Maria-Styliani Daraki, Konstantinos Marakakis and Georgios E. Stavroulakis
Micromachines 2023, 14(2), 289; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14020289 - 22 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2320
Abstract
In this study, a new technique is presented for enhancing the vibration suppression of shunted piezoelectrics by using an auxetic composite layer. Finite element models have been created to simulate the dynamic behavior of the piezoelectric composite beam. In particular, 2D FE and [...] Read more.
In this study, a new technique is presented for enhancing the vibration suppression of shunted piezoelectrics by using an auxetic composite layer. Finite element models have been created to simulate the dynamic behavior of the piezoelectric composite beam. In particular, 2D FE and 3D FE models have been created by simulating the shunt as a passive controller and their results are compared. Furthermore, a parametric analysis is presented of the circuit elements, i.e., the resistors, inductors, and capacitors and of the auxetic material, i.e., the thickness. It was found that the proposed modification by adding an auxetic layer of a considerable thickness enhances the electromechanical coupling and indirectly influences the vibration control of the whole structure. However, the use of 3D modeling is necessary to study this auxetic enhancement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advance in Piezoelectric Actuators and Motors 2023)
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Review

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26 pages, 11531 KiB  
Review
Recent Developments in (K, Na)NbO3-Based Lead-Free Piezoceramics
by Geun-Soo Lee, Jung-Soo Kim, Seung-Hyun Kim, San Kwak, Bumjoo Kim, In-Su Kim and Sahn Nahm
Micromachines 2024, 15(3), 325; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15030325 - 26 Feb 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1756
Abstract
(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 (KNN)-based ceramics have been extensively investigated as replacements for Pb(Zr, Ti)O3-based ceramics. KNN-based ceramics exhibit an orthorhombic structure at room temperature and a rhombohedral–orthorhombic (R–O) phase transition temperature (TR–O), orthorhombic–tetragonal (O–T) phase [...] Read more.
(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 (KNN)-based ceramics have been extensively investigated as replacements for Pb(Zr, Ti)O3-based ceramics. KNN-based ceramics exhibit an orthorhombic structure at room temperature and a rhombohedral–orthorhombic (R–O) phase transition temperature (TR–O), orthorhombic–tetragonal (O–T) phase transition temperature (TO–T), and Curie temperature of −110, 190, and 420 °C, respectively. Forming KNN-based ceramics with a multistructure that can assist in domain rotation is one technique for enhancing their piezoelectric properties. This review investigates and introduces KNN-based ceramics with various multistructures. A reactive-templated grain growth method that aligns the grains of piezoceramics in a specific orientation is another approach for improving the piezoelectric properties of KNN-modified ceramics. The piezoelectric properties of the [001]-textured KNN-based ceramics are improved because their microstructures are similar to those of the [001]-oriented single crystals. The improvement in the piezoelectric properties after [001] texturing is largely influenced by the crystal structure of the textured ceramics. In this review, [001]-textured KNN-based ceramics with different crystal structures are investigated and systematically summarized. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advance in Piezoelectric Actuators and Motors 2023)
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