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Micromachines
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Advanced (Citius, Minor, Simplicius) Laser Fabrication Technologies for...
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Advanced (Citius, Minor, Simplicius) Laser Fabrication Technologies for Cross-Field Applications

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "D3: 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 21210

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Xueqing Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
Interests: ultrafast laser fabrication; micro/nano optics; hard material photonic devices
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Zhennan Tian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
Interests: 3D waveguide photonic integrated circuit; femtosecond laser processing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Bing Han

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Interests: micro/nano robotics; laser fabrication; multi-field coupling manipulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Lei Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
Interests: laser fabrication for biomimetics; laser-matter interactions; micro/nano-optics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Saulius Juodkazis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Optical Sciences Centre and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
Interests: nanofabrication; nanophotonics; micro-optics; 3D laser fabrication (additive and subtractive); ablation; light–matter interaction; solar hydrogen
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The field of ultra-short pulsed lasers has shown a doubling of average power every two years in this century, which is in line with Moore’s law in microelectronics for the number of transistors on a chip. Photons packed in time (average power) are expected to drive high-throughput industrial applications. This recent trend in laser development at short and longer pulse durations calls for the development of new tools for energy delivery and handling, and to better understand light–matter interactions occurring at high power/intensity simultaneously with high beam/sample scanning speeds. It is a good example of fundamental research directly related to industrial applications (fast fabrication throughputs at high resolution).

Laser fabrication technology has been widely used both in industry and academia in the past decade, including additive, subtractive, and modification manufacturing. In particular, laser fabrication helps to overcome the limitations of traditional manufacturing and meets the needs of 3D complex geometry fabrication and high-precision fabrication. Recently, many advanced laser fabrication technologies have been proposed to satisfy the stringent requirement for the micro/nano processing of advanced functional materials, making them faster, smaller, simpler (following the Olympic motto: Citius, Minor, Simplicius [Latin]). In addition, researchers have made great efforts to promote the development of laser fabrication in novel applications.

This Special Issue aims to highlight the latest developments in advanced laser fabrication technologies and novelty applications such as micro/nano-optics, photonic integrated circuits, micro/nano-robotics, etc., with development towards green energy and bio-medical fields for the strongest societal impact.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

  1. Etching (plasma, wet bath) assisted laser fabrication technology.
  2. Laser processing technology with light field modulation (far-field (Gaussian, Bessel), near-field).
  3. Laser-induced micro/nanostructures.
  4. 3D/4D printing based on the laser fabrication technique.
  5. Creation of new materials and composites on interfaces of photo-electrode sensor surfaces by controlled phase transitions.
  6. Materials for green energy applications (solar cell patterning, hydrogen-producing photo-electrodes, batteries, fuel cells).

We seek submissions where the cross-disciplinary use of different fabrication techniques are combined, especially where such combination opens new applications in bio-medical, environmental sensor, green energy, photo-/electro-catalysis, and battery applications.

Dr. Xueqing Liu
Dr. Zhennan Tian
Dr. Bing Han
Dr. Lei Wang
Prof. Dr. Saulius Juodkazis
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • laser fabrication
  • micro/nano optics
  • micro/nano robots
  • functional devices

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 5191 KiB  
Article
Effect of Reticulate Unit Spacing on Microstructure and Properties of Biomimetic 7075 Aluminum Alloy by Laser Cladding
by Qi Sui, Danyang Cheng, Yingfei Dong, Yijia Ma, Yingrui Su, Ning Hu, Zexuan Sun and Yuanbo Chen
Micromachines 2023, 14(2), 418; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14020418 - 10 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1349
Abstract
In the context of energy conservation and emission reduction, more and more attention has been paid to the development of lightweight metal materials with both high strength and high toughness. Inspired by the non-smooth surface of natural organisms, a biomimetic surface with various [...] Read more.
In the context of energy conservation and emission reduction, more and more attention has been paid to the development of lightweight metal materials with both high strength and high toughness. Inspired by the non-smooth surface of natural organisms, a biomimetic surface with various spacing reticulate units of 7075 aluminum alloys was modified by laser cladding. The microstructure, microhardness and tensile properties of the various spacing units with CeO2-SiC-Ni60 were studied. The finer microstructure and the higher microhardness of various spacing units in comparison with that of 7075 aluminum alloys were obtained, no matter the strip-like treated region or the cross-junction region. Moreover, the best combination of strength and toughness of the biomimetic sample with 2.5 mm spacing reticulate unit was discussed. Finally, by combining the microstructure, XRD phase change, thermal gradient effect, thermal expansion coefficient difference and hard phase strengthening mechanism, it was concluded that the 2.5 mm spacing reticulate unit had the best ability to inhibit crack propagation, and the dispersive hard phases of Al3Ni2 and SiC played a major role in stress release of the matrix. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced (Citius, Minor, Simplicius) Laser Fabrication Technologies for Cross-Field Applications)
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20 pages, 6861 KiB  
Article
Laser Polishing Die Steel Assisted by Steady Magnetic Field
by Zhenyu Zhao, Junyong Zeng, Zhouyi Lai, Jie Yin and Ting Guo
Micromachines 2022, 13(9), 1493; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13091493 - 8 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1797
Abstract
To improve the surface roughness of SKD61 die steel and reduce the secondary overflow of the molten pool, a steady magnetic field-assisted laser polishing method is proposed to study the effect of steady magnetic field on the surface morphology and melt pool flow [...] Read more.
To improve the surface roughness of SKD61 die steel and reduce the secondary overflow of the molten pool, a steady magnetic field-assisted laser polishing method is proposed to study the effect of steady magnetic field on the surface morphology and melt pool flow behavior of SKD61 die steel. Firstly, a low-energy pulsed laser is used for the removal of impurities from the material surface; then, the CW laser, assisted by steady magnetic field, is used to polish the rough surface of SKD61 die steel to reduce the material surface roughness. The results show that the steady magnetic field-assisted laser polishing can reduce the surface roughness of SKD61 die steel from 6.1 μm to 0.607 μm, which is a 90.05% reduction compared with the initial surface roughness. Furthermore, a multi-physical-field numerical transient model involving heat transfer, laminar flow and electromagnetic field is established to simulate the flow state of the molten pool on the surface of the SKD61 die steel. This revealed that the steady magnetic field is able to inhibit the secondary overflow of the molten pool to improve the surface roughness of SKD61 slightly by reducing the velocity of the molten pool. Compared with the molten pool depth obtained experimentally, the molten pool depth simulation was 65 μm, representing an error 15.0%, thus effectively demonstrating the accuracy of the simulation model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced (Citius, Minor, Simplicius) Laser Fabrication Technologies for Cross-Field Applications)
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10 pages, 10373 KiB  
Article
Prediction Model for Liquid-Assisted Femtosecond Laser Micro Milling of Quartz without Taper
by Hongbing Yuan, Zhihao Chen, Peichao Wu, Yimin Deng, Xiaowen Cao and Wenwu Zhang
Micromachines 2022, 13(9), 1398; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13091398 - 26 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1766
Abstract
The strong nonlinear absorption effect and “cold” processing characteristics of femtosecond lasers make them uniquely advantageous and promising for the micro- and nanoprocessing of hard and brittle materials, such as quartz. Traditional methods for studying the effects of femtosecond laser parameters on the [...] Read more.
The strong nonlinear absorption effect and “cold” processing characteristics of femtosecond lasers make them uniquely advantageous and promising for the micro- and nanoprocessing of hard and brittle materials, such as quartz. Traditional methods for studying the effects of femtosecond laser parameters on the quality of the processed structure mainly use univariate analysis methods, which require large mounts of experiments to predict and achieve the desired experimental results. The method of design of experiments (DOE) provides a way to predict desirable experimental results through smaller experimental scales, shorter experimental periods and lower experimental costs. In this study, a DOE program was designed to investigate the effects of a serious of parameters (laser repetition frequency, pulse energy, scan speed, scan distance, scan mode, scan times and laser focus position) on the depth and roughness (Ra) of the fabricated structure through the liquid-assisted femtosecond laser processing of quartz. A prediction model between the response variables and the main parameters was defined and validated. Finally, several blind holes with a size of 50 × 50 μm2 and a depth of 200 μm were fabricated by the prediction model, which demonstrated the good consistency of the prediction model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced (Citius, Minor, Simplicius) Laser Fabrication Technologies for Cross-Field Applications)
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7 pages, 1470 KiB  
Article
Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing of Optical Overpass
by Xiaochuan Ding, Yao Zhao, Ali Hassan, Yunlu Sun, Zhishan Hou, Wei Xue and Yu Cao
Micromachines 2022, 13(7), 1158; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13071158 - 21 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2127
Abstract
With the rapid increase in information density, problems such as signal crosstalk and crossover restrict the further expansion of chip integration levels and packaging density. Based on this, a novel waveguide structure—photonic jumper wire—is proposed here to break through the technical restrictions in [...] Read more.
With the rapid increase in information density, problems such as signal crosstalk and crossover restrict the further expansion of chip integration levels and packaging density. Based on this, a novel waveguide structure—photonic jumper wire—is proposed here to break through the technical restrictions in waveguide crossing and parallel line wrapping, which hinder the integration of photonic chips. Furthermore, we fabricated the optical overpass to realize a more complex on-chip optical cross-connection. Our method and structure promote a series of practical schemes for improving optical chip integration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced (Citius, Minor, Simplicius) Laser Fabrication Technologies for Cross-Field Applications)
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12 pages, 3180 KiB  
Article
Study of Through-Hole Micro-Drilling in Sapphire by Means of Pulsed Bessel Beams
by Akhil Kuriakose, Monica Bollani, Paolo Di Trapani and Ottavia Jedrkiewicz
Micromachines 2022, 13(4), 624; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13040624 - 15 Apr 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2636
Abstract
Ultrashort Bessel beams have been used in this work to study the response of a 430-μm-thick monocrystalline sapphire sample to laser–matter interaction when injecting the beam orthogonally through the whole sample thickness. We show that with a 12° Bessel beam cone angle, we [...] Read more.
Ultrashort Bessel beams have been used in this work to study the response of a 430-μm-thick monocrystalline sapphire sample to laser–matter interaction when injecting the beam orthogonally through the whole sample thickness. We show that with a 12° Bessel beam cone angle, we are able to internally modify the material and generate tailorable elongated microstructures while preventing the formation of surface cracks, even in the picosecond regime, contrary to what was previously reported in the literature. On the other hand, by means of Bessel beam machining combined with a trepanning technique where very high energy pulses are needed, we were able to generate 100 μm diameter through-holes, eventually with negligible cracks and very low taper angles thanks to an optimization achieved by using a 60-μm-thick layer of Kapton Polyimide removable tape. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced (Citius, Minor, Simplicius) Laser Fabrication Technologies for Cross-Field Applications)
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Review

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16 pages, 3453 KiB  
Review
Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Ophthalmic Surgery: From Laser Fundamentals to Clinical Applications
by Quan Yan, Bing Han and Zhuo-Chen Ma
Micromachines 2022, 13(10), 1653; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13101653 - 30 Sep 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5888
Abstract
Femtosecond laser (FSL) technology has created an evolution in ophthalmic surgery in the last few decades. With the advantage of high precision, accuracy, and safety, FSLs have helped surgeons overcome surgical limits in refractive surgery, corneal surgery, and cataract surgery. They also open [...] Read more.
Femtosecond laser (FSL) technology has created an evolution in ophthalmic surgery in the last few decades. With the advantage of high precision, accuracy, and safety, FSLs have helped surgeons overcome surgical limits in refractive surgery, corneal surgery, and cataract surgery. They also open new avenues in ophthalmic areas that are not yet explored. This review focuses on the fundamentals of FSLs, the advantages in interaction between FSLs and tissues, and typical clinical applications of FSLs in ophthalmology. With the rapid progress that has been made in the state of the art research on FSL technologies, their applications in ophthalmic surgery may soon undergo a booming development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced (Citius, Minor, Simplicius) Laser Fabrication Technologies for Cross-Field Applications)
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19 pages, 4367 KiB  
Review
Femtosecond Laser Processing Technology for Anti-Reflection Surfaces of Hard Materials
by Xiaofan Xie, Yunfei Li, Gong Wang, Zhenxu Bai, Yu Yu, Yulei Wang, Yu Ding and Zhiwei Lu
Micromachines 2022, 13(7), 1084; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13071084 - 8 Jul 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4386
Abstract
The anti-reflection properties of hard material surfaces are of great significance in the fields of infrared imaging, optoelectronic devices, and aerospace. Femtosecond laser processing has drawn a lot of attentions in the field of optics as an innovative, efficient, and green micro-nano processing [...] Read more.
The anti-reflection properties of hard material surfaces are of great significance in the fields of infrared imaging, optoelectronic devices, and aerospace. Femtosecond laser processing has drawn a lot of attentions in the field of optics as an innovative, efficient, and green micro-nano processing method. The anti-reflection surface prepared on hard materials by femtosecond laser processing technology has good anti-reflection properties under a broad spectrum with all angles, effectively suppresses reflection, and improves light transmittance/absorption. In this review, the recent advances on femtosecond laser processing of anti-reflection surfaces on hard materials are summarized. The principle of anti-reflection structure and the selection of anti-reflection materials in different applications are elaborated upon. Finally, the limitations and challenges of the current anti-reflection surface are discussed, and the future development trend of the anti-reflection surface are prospected. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced (Citius, Minor, Simplicius) Laser Fabrication Technologies for Cross-Field Applications)
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