Anaerobic Microorganisms on Mars 2.0

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2024) | Viewed by 3467

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC), Torrejon de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain
Interests: astrobiology; mars; habitability; anaerobes; martian life
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is the continuation of our previous Special Issue, "Anaerobic Microorganisms in Mars". 

Space exploration missions to Mars, such as the Mars Science Laboratory (Curiosity rover), have confirmed the past presence of water as well as habitable conditions on Mars. At the same time, methane plumes on the red planet identified by several authors (e.g., Formisano, MSL-Curiosity mission) lead to the question about the potential for life to exist on Mars. The presence of methane is an open and unsolved question. Methane gas on the Martian surface has a shorter lifetime; therefore, its presence must be sustained by the regular production of methane by some source. Could it be of biological origin? At this moment, we are ready to debate about the real-life potential to exist on Mars. From a metabolic point of view, anaerobic microorganisms open up the possibility of an ecological niche on Mars’ subsurface.

This Special Issue on anaerobic microorganisms on Mars opens up the debate about the real possibilities of a metabolic niche on Mars. Articles containing experiments run on simulation chambers and Earth analogues, as well as discussions of Martian habitability, are welcome.

Dr. Felipe Gómez
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • astrobiology
  • mars
  • habitability
  • anaerobes
  • martian Life

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Editorial

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2 pages, 191 KiB  
Editorial
Editorial: Anaerobic Microorganisms on Mars 2.0
by Felipe Gómez
Microorganisms 2023, 11(3), 734; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030734 - 13 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1079
Abstract
Recent space missions (MSL-Curiosity, Mars2020-Perseverance) have confirmed the historic presence of water on early Mars [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anaerobic Microorganisms on Mars 2.0)

Research

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10 pages, 662 KiB  
Article
A Comparison of Different Protocols for the Extraction of Microbial DNA Inhabiting Synthetic Mars Simulant Soil
by Han Wang, Agata Pijl, Binbin Liu, Wieger Wamelink, Gerard W. Korthals, Ohana Y. A. Costa and Eiko E. Kuramae
Microorganisms 2024, 12(4), 760; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12040760 - 10 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1849
Abstract
Compared with typical Earth soil, Martian soil and Mars simulant soils have distinct properties, including pH > 8.0 and high contents of silicates, iron-rich minerals, sulfates, and metal oxides. This unique soil matrix poses a major challenge for extracting microbial DNA. In particular, [...] Read more.
Compared with typical Earth soil, Martian soil and Mars simulant soils have distinct properties, including pH > 8.0 and high contents of silicates, iron-rich minerals, sulfates, and metal oxides. This unique soil matrix poses a major challenge for extracting microbial DNA. In particular, mineral adsorption and the generation of destructive hydroxyl radicals through cationic redox cycling may interfere with DNA extraction. This study evaluated different protocols for extracting microbial DNA from Mars Global Simulant (MGS-1), a Mars simulant soil. Two commercial kits were tested: the FastDNA SPIN Kit for soil (“MP kit”) and the DNeasy PowerSoil Pro Kit (“PowerSoil kit”). MGS-1 was incubated with living soil for five weeks, and DNA was extracted from aliquots using the kits. After extraction, the DNA was quantified with a NanoDrop spectrophotometer and used as the template for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and qPCR. The MP kit was the most efficient, yielding approximately four times more DNA than the PowerSoil kit. DNA extracted using the MP kit with 0.5 g soil resulted in 28,642–37,805 16S rRNA gene sequence reads and 30,380–42,070 16S rRNA gene copies, whereas the 16S rRNA gene could not be amplified from DNA extracted using the PowerSoil kit. We suggest that the FastDNA SPIN Kit is the best option for studying microbial communities in Mars simulant soils. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anaerobic Microorganisms on Mars 2.0)
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