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Microorganisms
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New Obstacles in Bacterial, Fungal and Viral Infections: Antimicrobial Resistance...
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New Obstacles in Bacterial, Fungal and Viral Infections: Antimicrobial Resistance and Emerging Pathogens

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 3524

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Alberto Enrico Maraolo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
Interests: One Health; drug resistance; microbiome
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn attention to the field of infectious diseases, demonstrating how the never-ending confrontation with the microbial world is more intense than ever. Before the beginning of the pandemic, antimicrobial resistance seemed to represent the most important challenge and it is still a threat of utmost importance.

Nevertheless, the appearance and the worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2, that is continuing its extraordinary evolutionary trajectory, has shown the vastness of the array of infective menaces, including emerging and re-emerging pathogens of different nature: viral, bacterial, fungal.

Climate change, for instance, implying global warming, could drive the evolution of novel strains of thermotolerant fungi.

The tremendous selective pressure linked with very frequent antibiotic use, either for human or animal purposes, may favor the development of superbugs with no reliable therapeutic options.

Viral spillover has become more frequent due to several human activities, for instance, land use expansion.

This Special Issue aims to collect reviews and original articles addressing these topics to offer new insights from multiple perspectives: epidemiological, aetiological, diagnostic and therapeutic.

Dr. Alberto Enrico Maraolo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • emerging pathogens
  • virus
  • bacteria, fungi
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • re-emerging pathogens
  • zoonosis

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 743 KiB  
Article
Clostridioides difficile Infections and Antibiotherapy: Results of Four Years of Observation in a Romanian Tertiary Hospital
by Carmen-Cristina Vasile, Luisa-Andreea Gheorghe, Carmen-Daniela Chivu, Marta Ana Maria Anghel, Ștefan Eduard Mîinea, Daniela Pițigoi and Maria-Dorina Crăciun
Microorganisms 2024, 12(12), 2490; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12122490 - 3 Dec 2024
Viewed by 880
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is one of the main causes of morbidity associated with antibiotic use, producing both healthcare-associated infections and community infections. This study aims to describe the epidemiological characteristics, the clinical outcomes, previous antibiotic exposure, and other risk factors of hospitalized [...] Read more.
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is one of the main causes of morbidity associated with antibiotic use, producing both healthcare-associated infections and community infections. This study aims to describe the epidemiological characteristics, the clinical outcomes, previous antibiotic exposure, and other risk factors of hospitalized patients with CDI in a tertiary infectious disease hospital in Bucharest, Romania. We performed a descriptive analysis based on four-year surveillance data, collected in a tertiary infectious disease hospital in Bucharest, Romania. The annual incidence of CDIs varied from 65.1 cases per 10,000 discharges in 2020 to 211.7 cases per 10,000 discharges in 2023, with a continuously ascending trend. Most of the cases were hospital-acquired cases. There was a high share of antibiotic consumption three months before admission (61.3%). Third-generation cephalosporins, β-lactams with inhibitor combination, and carbapenems were the most used antibiotics, with shares of 46.0%, 25.2%, and 18.6%, respectively. Hospitalization in the previous 12 months and contact with a confirmed CDI case were other frequent factors in the study group, the occurrences of which were recorded as 66.2% and 2.4%, respectively. The surveillance data identified that the annual trend in CDIs is very variable, suggesting the need for continuous and multiannual analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Obstacles in Bacterial, Fungal and Viral Infections: Antimicrobial Resistance and Emerging Pathogens)
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11 pages, 420 KiB  
Article
Epidemiological Study of Pathogens in Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in 2017–2024—A Preliminary Report of the University Hospital in South-Eastern Poland
by Jolanta Gruszecka and Rafał Filip
Microorganisms 2024, 12(5), 1008; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12051008 - 17 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1501
Abstract
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) is a serious complication and a common cause of death in patients with liver cirrhosis. Between January 2017 and March 2024, a retrospective study was conducted involving 302 patients (>18 years old) with ascites treated at a tertiary referral [...] Read more.
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) is a serious complication and a common cause of death in patients with liver cirrhosis. Between January 2017 and March 2024, a retrospective study was conducted involving 302 patients (>18 years old) with ascites treated at a tertiary referral center in south-eastern Poland. Microbiological analysis of the ascitic fluids was performed in all patients. The presence of microorganisms was found in samples from 17 patients, and 21 pathogens were isolated, including 15 Gram-positive bacteria and 6 Gram-negative bacteria. Staphylococcus epidermidis, MRCNS (methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci, resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics: penicillins, penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitor, cephalosporins and carbapenems) was the main pathogen detected (19.05%, 4/21), followed by Enterococcus faecalis (9.52%, 2/21), Enterococcus faecium (9.52%, 2/21), Staphylococcus haemolyticus, MRCNS (4.76%, 1/21), Streptococcus mitis (9.52%, 2/21), Streptococcus parasanguinis (9.52%, 2/21), Micrococcus luteus (4.76%, 1/21) and Bacillus spp. (4.76%, 1/21). The following Gram-negative bacteria were also found in the specimens examined: Escherichia coli, ESBL (extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing E. coli) (4.76%, 1/21), Escherichia coli (4.76%, 1/21), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.76%, 1/21), Klebsiella oxytoca (9.52%, 2/21) and Sphingomonas paucimobilis (4.76%, 1/21). Gram-positive bacteria caused nosocomial infections in nine patients with SBP, Gram-negative bacteria caused nosocomial infections in two patients. In six patients with SBP, community-acquired infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria were found in three cases, Gram-positive bacteria in two cases, and in one case, community-acquired infection was caused by mixed Gram-positive and Gram-negative. Bacteria isolated from patients with hospital-acquired SBP showed higher drug resistance than those found in patients with non-hospital SBP. Bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with complications may be responsible for their deteriorating health. Prompt intervention is critical to reducing mortality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Obstacles in Bacterial, Fungal and Viral Infections: Antimicrobial Resistance and Emerging Pathogens)
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Review

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13 pages, 577 KiB  
Review
Chronic Endometritis and Antimicrobial Resistance: Towards a Multidrug-Resistant Endometritis? An Expert Opinion
by Francesco Di Gennaro, Giacomo Guido, Luisa Frallonardo, Laura Pennazzi, Miriana Bevilacqua, Pietro Locantore, Amerigo Vitagliano, Annalisa Saracino and Ettore Cicinelli
Microorganisms 2025, 13(1), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13010197 - 17 Jan 2025
Viewed by 660
Abstract
Chronic endometritis (CE) is a persistent inflammatory condition of the endometrium characterized by abnormal infiltration of plasma cells into the endometrial stroma. Frequently associated with repeated implantation failure, recurrent pregnancy loss, and infertility, CE significantly impacts women’s health, contributing to conditions such as [...] Read more.
Chronic endometritis (CE) is a persistent inflammatory condition of the endometrium characterized by abnormal infiltration of plasma cells into the endometrial stroma. Frequently associated with repeated implantation failure, recurrent pregnancy loss, and infertility, CE significantly impacts women’s health, contributing to conditions such as abnormal uterine bleeding and endometriosis. Treatment typically involves antibiotic therapy; however, the efficacy of these treatments is increasingly compromised by the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This paper examines the critical links between AMR and CE, proposing strategies to enhance clinical management and optimize treatment outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Obstacles in Bacterial, Fungal and Viral Infections: Antimicrobial Resistance and Emerging Pathogens)
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