Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Employing Wastewater

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Public Health Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 2377

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy
Interests: wastewater and environmental surveillance (WES); SARS-CoV-2; public health; COVID-19 pandemic; pathogen monitoring

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, entitled "Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Employing Wastewater", chronicles the evolution of Wastewater and Environmental Surveillance (WES) from the COVID-19 pandemic into 2024. As SARS-CoV-2 has become endemic, WES has risen as the primary form of viral tracking in many countries, underscoring its importance in public health. As of 2024, WES advancements have enhanced the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and contributed to the monitoring of other pathogens, illustrating its potential for widespread use in public health.

Developments in WES have enabled public health officials in many countries to proactively manage community infection levels with increased sensitivity and specificity. This Special Issue emphasizes the advancement of health sector leadership, ethical practices, and integration with public health surveillance. It delves into the tactical aspects of wastewater surveillance, including sampling, storage, laboratory analysis, data normalization, and communication.

This Special Issue serves to synethize the knowledge gained from the pandemic, demonstrating the application of WES in a One-Health context and its expanding role in the detection and management of infectious diseases. WES is becoming a key element in global health security, playing an active  role in the early detection of health threats.

Dr. Bernd Manfred Gawlik
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • wastewater and environmental surveillance (WES)
  • SARS-CoV-2
  • public health
  • COVID-19 pandemic
  • pathogen monitoring
  • global health security

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 3594 KiB  
Communication
One Year of Wastewater Surveillance in South Africa Supporting COVID-19 Clinical Findings Across Two Waves of Infection
by Renée Street, Angela Mathee, Tarylee Reddy, Nomfundo T. Mahlangeni, Noluxabiso Mangwana, Sizwe Nkambule, Candice Webster, Stephanie Dias, Jyoti Rajan Sharma, Pritika Ramharack, Johan Louw, Swastika Surujlal-Naicker, Natacha Berkowitz, Mongezi Mdhluli, Glenda Gray, Christo Muller and Rabia Johnson
Microorganisms 2024, 12(11), 2230; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12112230 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 635
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been an important tool for the detection of COVID-19 outbreaks. The retrospective analysis of COVID-19 data is vital to understand the spread and impact of the virus as well as to inform future planning and response efforts. In this [...] Read more.
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been an important tool for the detection of COVID-19 outbreaks. The retrospective analysis of COVID-19 data is vital to understand the spread and impact of the virus as well as to inform future planning and response efforts. In this study, we evaluated the SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in wastewater from 21 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the City of Cape Town (South Africa) over a period of 12 months and compared the (inactive) SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in wastewater between wave 2 (November 2020 to January 2021) and wave 3 (June 2021 to September 2021). The SARS-CoV-2 RNA expression was quantified in wastewater using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) by targeting the nucleocapsid (N) gene, and the resultant signal was normalized to the WWTP design capacity and catchment size. Our findings show that the maximum SARS-CoV-2 RNA signal was significantly higher in wave 3 than in wave 2 (p < 0.01). The duration of wave 3 (15 weeks) was longer than that of wave 2 (10 weeks), and the wastewater surveillance data supported the clinical findings, as evidenced by the two distinct waves. Furthermore, the data demonstrated the importance of long-term wastewater surveillance as a key indicator of changing trends. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Employing Wastewater)
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16 pages, 3161 KiB  
Article
Wastewater Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Slovenia: Key Public Health Tool in Endemic Time of COVID-19
by Natalija Kranjec, Andrej Steyer, Tjaša Cerar Kišek, Tom Koritnik, Tea Janko, Maja Bolješić, Vid Vedlin, Verica Mioč, Barbara Lasecky, Tatjana Jurša, José Gonçalves, Herbert Oberacher, Alenka Trop Skaza, Mario Fafangel and An Galičič
Microorganisms 2024, 12(11), 2174; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12112174 - 29 Oct 2024
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Abstract
With the reclassification of COVID-19 as an endemic disease and the relaxation of measures, Slovenia needed a complementary system for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 infections. This article provides an overview of the epidemiological situation of SARS-CoV-2 in Slovenia using a wastewater surveillance system, demonstrating its [...] Read more.
With the reclassification of COVID-19 as an endemic disease and the relaxation of measures, Slovenia needed a complementary system for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 infections. This article provides an overview of the epidemiological situation of SARS-CoV-2 in Slovenia using a wastewater surveillance system, demonstrating its usefulness as a complementary tool in epidemiological surveillance. This study found that estimated SARS-CoV-2 infections in Slovenia peaked in September 2022 and showed a declining trend with subsequent lower peaks in March–April and December 2023, mirroring the trends observed from clinical data. Based on both surveillance systems, the most prevalent variant in 2022 was BA.5. By 2023, BQ.1 and other Omicron variants increased in prevalence. By the end of 2023, XBB sublineages and the BA.2.86 variant had become predominant, demonstrating consistent dynamic shifts in variant distribution across both monitoring methods. This study found that wastewater surveillance at wastewater treatment plants in Slovenia effectively tracked SARS-CoV-2 infection trends, showing a moderate to strong correlation with clinical data and providing early indications of changes in infection trends and variant emergence. Despite limitations during periods of low virus concentration, the system proved significant in providing early warnings of infection trends and variant emergence, thus enhancing public health response capabilities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Employing Wastewater)
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