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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Eukaryotic Microorganisms in Cryosphere: Their Diversity and Strategy
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Eukaryotic Microorganisms in Cryosphere: Their Diversity and Strategy

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2021) | Viewed by 8175

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Tamotsu Hoshino

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Guest Editor
Hachinohe Institute of Technology, Obiraki 88-1, Myo, Hachinohe 031-8501, Japan
Interests: snow mold; adaptation; genetic diversity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Anton Shiryaev

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Vegetation & Mycobiota Diversity Department, Institute of Plant & Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 March str., 202, Ekaterinburg 620144, Russia
Interests: Arctic; fungal ecology; climate change; biodiversity; cold adaptation; biogeography; mapping; monitoring; permafrost

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cryosphere collectively describes the portions of the Earth’s surface where water exists in a frozen state—snow cover, glaciers, ice sheets and shelves, freshwater ice, sea ice, iceberg, permafrost, and ground ice. Approximately 80% of the biosphere is constantly and seasonally cold, and its temperature is below 5̊C. This means that the biosphere without deep sea is almost identical to the cryosphere. The areas of the Earth surface where water exists in a frozen state such as snow and/or ice has been reducing during the last few decades due to climatic change.

There is a growing interest in microorganisms adapted to extreme climates including the cryosphere, based on not only biological interests but also industrial importance, such as bioconversion for chemical production. The decrease of snowfall affects the biota of cold-adapted microorganisms. We thus need to elucidate their present diversity, distribution, and ecological functions so that the effect of oncoming climatic change may be predicted on microbiota resources in the cryosphere.

The scope of this Special Issue is to present the results of biodiversity and environmental adaptation of eukaryotic microorganisms in the cryosphere from basic biology to applied viewpoints, as well as to present reviews that will advance the current knowledge on the topic and will act as a platform for further research.

Prof. Dr. Tamotsu Hoshino
Dr. Anton Shiryaev
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3103 KiB  
Article
Identification and Isolation Pattern of Globisporangium spp. from a Sanionia Moss Colony in Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen Is., Norway from 2006 to 2018
by Motoaki Tojo, Natsumi Fujii, Hironori Yagi, Yuki Yamashita, Katsuyuki Tokura, Kenichi Kida, Akiho Hakoda, María-Luz Herrero, Tamotsu Hoshino and Masaki Uchida
Microorganisms 2021, 9(9), 1912; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091912 - 9 Sep 2021
Viewed by 2598
Abstract
Globisporangium spp. are soil-inhabiting oomycetes distributed worldwide, including in polar regions. Some species of the genus are known as important plant pathogens. This study aimed to clarify the species construction of Globisporangium spp. and their long-term isolation pattern in Sanionia moss in Ny-Ålesund, [...] Read more.
Globisporangium spp. are soil-inhabiting oomycetes distributed worldwide, including in polar regions. Some species of the genus are known as important plant pathogens. This study aimed to clarify the species construction of Globisporangium spp. and their long-term isolation pattern in Sanionia moss in Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen Is., Norway. Globisporangium spp. were isolated at two-year intervals between 2006 and 2018 at a Sanionia moss colony, Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen Is., Norway. The isolates were obtained by using three agar media and were identified based on sequences of the rDNA-ITS region and cultural characteristics. Most of the Globisporangium isolates obtained during the survey were identified into six species. All six species were grown at 0 °C on an agar plate and used to infect Sanionia moss at 4 and/or 10 °C under an in vitro inoculation test. The total isolation frequency of Globisporangium gradually decreased throughout the survey period. The isolation frequency varied among the six species, and four of the species that showed a high frequency in 2006 were rarely isolated after 2016. The results suggested that Globisporangium inhabiting Sanionia moss in Ny-Ålesund has a unique composition of species and that most of the species reduced their population over the recent decade. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eukaryotic Microorganisms in Cryosphere: Their Diversity and Strategy)
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10 pages, 3510 KiB  
Article
Uphill Shifts of Fungal Fruiting Due to Climate Change at the Polar Urals
by Anton G. Shiryaev
Microorganisms 2021, 9(9), 1892; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091892 - 6 Sep 2021
Viewed by 2090
Abstract
Due to the ongoing climatic changes in the Arctic, the ranges of many plants and animal species are rising higher into the mountains, into the treeline; however, such studies are rare for fungi. The 60-year fruiting dynamics of 66 species of Agaricomycetous macrofungi [...] Read more.
Due to the ongoing climatic changes in the Arctic, the ranges of many plants and animal species are rising higher into the mountains, into the treeline; however, such studies are rare for fungi. The 60-year fruiting dynamics of 66 species of Agaricomycetous macrofungi has been studied along the altitudinal transect located on the slope of Slantsevaya Mountain (Polar Urals, Russia). It has been found that the three basic trophic groups (mycorrhizal, saprobes on litter and soil, and saprobes on wood) fruit higher in the mountains. Additionally, for most of the studied species, a tendency towards upward displacement of fruiting was revealed. The rise in fruiting for saprobes on litter and soil was the most obvious. Mycorrhizal fungi associated with woody plants showed the least uplifting effect. Fungal species that were characterized by fruiting higher up the mountainside half a century ago show stronger upward shifts compared to species previously bearing fruit only at the mountain foot. Probably, such a reaction of the aboveground mycobiota is similar to the processes occurring in the soil, which are associated with an active increase in the decomposition rate of the litter, an increase in the depth of permafrost thawing, and a significant redistribution of the soil water balance. On the other hand, the rise of fungi is associated with an increase of plant biomass in the middle and upper parts, which are the most important sources of fungal nutrition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eukaryotic Microorganisms in Cryosphere: Their Diversity and Strategy)
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11 pages, 2950 KiB  
Article
Basidiomycetous Yeast, Glaciozyma antarctica, Forming Frost-Columnar Colonies on Frozen Medium
by Seiichi Fujiu, Masanobu Ito, Eriko Kobayashi, Yuichi Hanada, Midori Yoshida, Sakae Kudoh and Tamotsu Hoshino
Microorganisms 2021, 9(8), 1679; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081679 - 7 Aug 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2614
Abstract
The basidiomycetous yeast, Glaciozyma antarctica, was isolated from various terrestrial materials collected from the Sôya coast, East Antarctica, and formed frost-columnar colonies on agar plates frozen at −1 °C. Thawed colonies were highly viscous, indicating that the yeast produced a large number [...] Read more.
The basidiomycetous yeast, Glaciozyma antarctica, was isolated from various terrestrial materials collected from the Sôya coast, East Antarctica, and formed frost-columnar colonies on agar plates frozen at −1 °C. Thawed colonies were highly viscous, indicating that the yeast produced a large number of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS). G. antarctica was then cultured on frozen media containing red food coloring to observe the dynamics of solutes in unfrozen water; pigments accumulated in frozen yeast colonies, indicating that solutes were concentrated in unfrozen water of yeast colonies. Moreover, the yeast produced a small quantity of ice-binding proteins (IBPs) which inhibited ice crystal growth. Solutes in unfrozen water were considered to accumulate in the pore of frozen colonies. The extracellular IBPs may have held an unfrozen state of medium water after accumulation in the frost-columnar colony. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eukaryotic Microorganisms in Cryosphere: Their Diversity and Strategy)
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