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Microorganisms
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HIV Co-infections
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HIV Co-infections

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 7102

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Agnès Meybeck

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Tourcoing Hospital, Tourcoing, France
Interests: HIV and opportunistic infections diagnosis and treatment
Dr. Olivier Robineau

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, 59200 Tourcoing, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France
Interests: antibiotic therapy; bone and joint infections; diabetic foot infections; prosthetic joint infections; vascular graft infections
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), which was later attributed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, was first recognised in 1981after several cases of  Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were reported by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Various other associated opportunistic infections, including bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal infections, were secondarily reported to cause morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAARTs) in 1996 modified epidemiologic trends of opportunistic infections. However, disparities of access to care make them remain a major cause of mortality in HIV-infected patients worldwide. Moreover, new challenges emerged with the advent of HAARTs, such as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) and drug–drug interactions.

Outside of opportunistic infections, some HIV co-infections are highly prevalent due to overlapping transmission routes. This is the case of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infections.

Finally, some HIV co-infections are frequent due to overlapping distribution; for example, this is the case with malaria, which is common in sub-Saharan Africa.

The profile of infections’ evolution and pathogenesis may be different in HIV-infected patients. In co-infections, the presence of one pathogen impacts the natural history of the other. Understanding the complex interaction between HIV, these co-infections, and the host immune response is essential to improve their management.

The objective of this Special Issue of Microorganisms is to present the latest research regarding various HIV co-infections. This includes research regarding pathogenesis, technical procedures for establishing diagnosis, and therapeutic advances. Epidemiological and clinical studies are also welcomed. Original research articles and review articles are invited.

Dr. Agnès Meybeck
Dr. Olivier Robineau
Guest Editors

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • HIV
  • AIDS
  • Co-infection
  • Opportunistic infection
  • Pathogenesis
  • Diagnostics
  • Therapeutics
  • Epidemiology

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

7 pages, 226 KiB  
Article
Impact and Tolerance of Immunosuppressive Treatments in Patients Living with HIV with Inflammatory or Autoimmune Diseases
by Zélie Guitton, Nathalie Viget, Laure Surgers, Antoine Cheret, Clotilde Fontier, Laurène Deconinck, Pierre Bataille, Agnès Meybeck, Hélène Bazus and Olivier Robineau
Microorganisms 2022, 10(10), 1891; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10101891 - 23 Sep 2022
Viewed by 1533
Abstract
Background: Patients living with HIV (PLWHIV) can develop autoimmune diseases (AD) needing immunosuppressive treatments (IST). This study aims to describe the impact of IST in PLWHIV. Methods: This was a multicentric retrospective observational study in six HIV referral centers on PLWHIV under IST [...] Read more.
Background: Patients living with HIV (PLWHIV) can develop autoimmune diseases (AD) needing immunosuppressive treatments (IST). This study aims to describe the impact of IST in PLWHIV. Methods: This was a multicentric retrospective observational study in six HIV referral centers on PLWHIV under IST for AD. Demographic factors, viral co-infections, immunovirological status before and under IST, infectious events, and their descriptions were collected and described focusing on infectious events, immunovirological variations, and IST effectiveness. Results: 9480 PLWHIV were screened for inclusion. Among them, 138 (1.5%) had a history of auto-immune disease, among which 32 (23%) received IST. There was mainly spondyloarthropathy (28%) and the most commonly used IST was methotrexate. The median follow-up under IST was 3.8 years (2.7; 5.9). There were 15 infectious events (0.5 events/individuals) concerning nine patients. At the last medical follow-up, 81% of these were in remission of their AD. Under IST, there was an increase in CD4 during follow-up (629 vs. 827 CD4/mm3, p = 0.04). No HIV virological failure was noted. Conclusions: This study supports a growing evidence base that IST can be used safely and effectively in PLWHIV with careful monitoring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue HIV Co-infections)
9 pages, 555 KiB  
Article
History of COVID-19 Symptoms and Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in HIV-Infected Patients in Northern France after the First Wave of the Pandemic
by Agnès Meybeck, Thomas Huleux, Macha Tétart, Pauline Thill, Vincent Derdour, Laurence Bocket, Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou, Pierre Patoz, Olivier Robineau and Faiza Ajana
Microorganisms 2021, 9(12), 2491; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122491 - 1 Dec 2021
Viewed by 1714
Abstract
To assess the prevalence of COVID-19 in people living with HIV (PLWHIV), we performed an epidemiological survey from 1 April through 1 August 2020 in an HIV reference center in Northern France. PLWHIV completed a questionnaire about risk exposures and symptoms consistent with [...] Read more.
To assess the prevalence of COVID-19 in people living with HIV (PLWHIV), we performed an epidemiological survey from 1 April through 1 August 2020 in an HIV reference center in Northern France. PLWHIV completed a questionnaire about risk exposures and symptoms consistent with COVID-19 and performed a SARS-CoV-2 serology. Among the 600 PLWHIV included, 16 have been infected with SARS-CoV-2. Symptoms consistent with COVID-19 were frequent both in SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative patients (67% vs. 32%, p = 0.02). Among SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, one (6%) has been hospitalized and five (31%) have been asymptomatic. Close contact with a confirmed COVID-19 case was the only factor associated with COVID-19 acquisition (40% vs. 13%, p = 0.01). The prevalence of COVID-19 in PLWHIV was 2.5%, half of the overall population estimate after the first wave of the pandemic in France. In conclusion, proportion of asymptomatic COVID-19 was high in PLWHIV. The prevalence of COVID-19 in PLWHIV was two times lower than in the general population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue HIV Co-infections)
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16 pages, 1272 KiB  
Article
Seroprevalence Estimates of Latent and Acute Toxoplasma Infections in HIV+ People—Call for Action in Underprivileged Communities
by Ali Rostami, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Shayan Abdollahzadeh Sagha, Ali Taghipour, Mahdi Sepidarkish, Mousa Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Soheil Ebrahimpour, Peter J. Hotez, Ray Gamble and Robin B. Gasser
Microorganisms 2021, 9(10), 2034; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102034 - 26 Sep 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2844
Abstract
We undertook a comprehensive, systematic review of observational studies to estimate respective seroprevalences of latent and acute Toxoplasma gondii infections in HIV+ people at the global, regional and country levels; related seroprevalence to socio-economic variables and CD4+ cell counts; and assessed temporal [...] Read more.
We undertook a comprehensive, systematic review of observational studies to estimate respective seroprevalences of latent and acute Toxoplasma gondii infections in HIV+ people at the global, regional and country levels; related seroprevalence to socio-economic variables and CD4+ cell counts; and assessed temporal changes in prevalence and risk factors for this group. We systematically searched international databases for seroepidemiological surveys between 1 January 1980 and 31 July 2020. We used a random effects model to calculate pooled seroprevalences with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and estimated the numbers of HIV+ people inferred to harbour latent and acute T. gondii infections (LT or AT). We grouped seroprevalence data according to the geographic regions defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) and conducted subgroup and meta-regression analyses of the data. Of a total of 4024 studies identified, 150 and 65 of them met the inclusion criteria for LT and AT in HIV+ people, respectively. The overall, pooled seroprevalences of LT and AT were 37.4% (95% CI, 33.4–41.4) and 1.3% (95% CI, 0.9–1.8%), equating to ~14.2 and 0.5 million HIV+ people, respectively. Most HIV+ people with T. gondii infections originated from Africa, and the highest seroprevalences were in low-income countries with low human development indices. Significant risk factors for toxoplasmosis in HIV+ patients included the consumption of raw/undercooked meat, frequent contact with soil, a low CD4+ T lymphocyte number (<200 cells per μL) and age. Overall, the finding of high seroprevalences of particularly latent T. gondii infection in HIV+ people in underprivileged regions of the world, such as parts of Africa, calls for preventative action. Programs that include routine serological monitoring, counselling, care, animal control and/or prophylactic treatment measures are needed to prevent severe toxoplasmosis from developing in people living with HIV infection. Our study highlights the potential importance of parasite chemoprophylaxis in resource-poor settings, particularly in low-income countries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue HIV Co-infections)
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