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Minerals
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Clays, Zeolites and Engineered Mineral Materials for Wastewater Treatment
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Clays, Zeolites and Engineered Mineral Materials for Wastewater Treatment

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Mineralogy and Biogeochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2024) | Viewed by 3345

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Mario Nikola Mužek

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Guest Editor
Department of Inorganic Technology, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
Interests: geopolymerization and mechanisms of geopolymerization of aluminosilicate systems; kinetics and equilibrium of heavy metal sorption from wastewater on sorbents of organic and/or inorganic origin
Prof. Dr. Sandra Svilović

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
Interests: zeolites; solubility kinetic modeling; adsorption; mesoporous materials; kinetics; surface adsorption; reaction kinetics; chemical engineering; environmental engineering

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The environment that surrounds us is becoming, daily, more and more burdened by the emission of harmful substances due to rapid industrialization and globalization. These harmful substances are primarily heavy metals that reach the environment through discharge in wastewaters. Most of them are highly soluble in water and show toxic and carcinogenic impact on all living beings, and it is therefore very important to reduce or, where it is possible, entirely remove heavy metals from contaminated wastewater prior to its discharge into the environment. Sorption is  one of the most selected treatment options. It represents a highly effective physicochemical process for removing heavy metals from wastewater, especially at low initial metal concentrations, using various sorbents. This Special Issue aims to provide a venue to present new findings on the possible application of clays, zeolites, and engineered mineral materials for wastewater treatment, with the focus on heavy metal removal. The hope is that this Special Issue will contribute to a better understanding of the sorption process, as well as possible materials that could be used as effective sorbent materials.

Dr. Mario Nikola Mužek
Prof. Dr. Sandra Svilović
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • clays
  • zeolites
  • engineered mineral materials
  • sorption
  • heavy metals
  • wastewater treatment

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 1667 KiB  
Article
Sono- and Zeolite-Assisted Electrocoagulation for Compost Wastewater Treatment: Does Ultrasound Power Make a Difference?
by Nediljka Vukojević Medvidović, Ladislav Vrsalović, Sandra Svilović, Senka Gudić and Ivona Čule
Minerals 2024, 14(12), 1190; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14121190 - 22 Nov 2024
Viewed by 304
Abstract
This study builds on previous research that investigated the triple hybrid wastewater treatment system combining electrocoagulation (EC), zeolite (Z), and ultrasound (US), and it examines the effects of different ultrasonic powers on compost wastewater treatment by analysing several process parameters. In the first [...] Read more.
This study builds on previous research that investigated the triple hybrid wastewater treatment system combining electrocoagulation (EC), zeolite (Z), and ultrasound (US), and it examines the effects of different ultrasonic powers on compost wastewater treatment by analysing several process parameters. In the first part, two levels of US power intensity, corresponding to 20% and 100% of intensity, with and without zeolite addition, were investigated on three different electrode materials. Although satisfactory chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction was obtained (81.42%–88.90%), better results were obtained for Al and Zn electrodes at 20% US power intensity, while for Fe better resulted were obtained at 100% US power intensity. Deteriorations of the anodic and cathodic surfaces, which were analysed using optical microscope images at 50× and 200× magnification, are generally less pronounced at higher US power intensities. Energy consumption in the range of 3.86–18.78 kWh/m3 showed an increased sequence—Fe < Zn < Al. In the second part, Taguchi optimisation was used to study the influence of US intensity (0%, 20%, 100%), the electrode materials (Al, Fe, or Zn), contact time (10, 20, and 30 min), and mixing speed (150, 250, 350 rpm) on COD decrease, electrode consumption, settling velocity, and voltage (power) consumption. The result shows that increased US power enhances COD reduction, electrode mass preservation, and voltage while decreasing the settling velocity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clays, Zeolites and Engineered Mineral Materials for Wastewater Treatment)
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15 pages, 4110 KiB  
Article
Removal of Thiophenol from Water Using Sepiolite
by Katarzyna Chruszcz-Lipska
Minerals 2024, 14(8), 743; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14080743 - 24 Jul 2024
Viewed by 668
Abstract
Crude oil and petroleum products contain various types of sulfur compounds: aliphatic and aromatic mercaptans, hydrogen sulfide, sulfides, disulfides, thiophene derivatives, etc. Some of these may dissolve in water only slightly, but their toxicity and corrosiveness indicate that even these small amounts should [...] Read more.
Crude oil and petroleum products contain various types of sulfur compounds: aliphatic and aromatic mercaptans, hydrogen sulfide, sulfides, disulfides, thiophene derivatives, etc. Some of these may dissolve in water only slightly, but their toxicity and corrosiveness indicate that even these small amounts should be eliminated from water. This work examines, for the first time, the removal of thiophenol (synonyms: benzenethiol, phenyl mercaptan) from water using sepiolite. This clay mineral (evaluated by SEM analysis) is an attractive natural sorbent characterized by its microporosity, which results from its crystalline structure and large specific surface area. Because the structure of thiophenol changes depending on the pH of the aqueous solution (due to the loss of a proton), the research was conducted at pH 4, 7 and 9. The detection of thiophenol in aqueous solution was investigated using UV spectroscopy. It was found that the adsorption of thiophenol is possible, but it occurs only in an acidic environment (pH 4). No sorption is observed at pH 7 or 9. The adsorption of thiophenol at pH 4 does not change significantly after changing the ionic strength of the aqueous solution (distilled water, 0.01 NaCl and 0.1 NaCl). The adsorption capacity of sepioliteis approximately 0.23–0.34 mg/g. Studies using infrared spectroscopy and fitting of Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models to the results of adsorption experiments indicate that adsorption on unmodified sepiolite follows a physisorption mechanism. Additionally, to understand the behavior of thiophenol in the presence of sepiolite across different pH ranges, DFT/PCM/B3LYP/Aug-CC-pVDZ calculations were used to analyze the charge distribution on particular atoms in its structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clays, Zeolites and Engineered Mineral Materials for Wastewater Treatment)
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20 pages, 51780 KiB  
Article
Treatment of Waters Having Different Ionic Composition and pH with Natural Zeolites from Bulgaria
by Mariana Yossifova, Dimitrina Dimitrova, Elena Tacheva, Ivanina Sergeeva and Rositsa Ivanova
Minerals 2024, 14(3), 245; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14030245 - 27 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1727
Abstract
The migration of 32 elements from natural zeolitized tuffs from the Beli Plast and Golobradovo deposits (Bulgaria) was determined in ultrapure, tap, mineral, and coal mine waters in order to evaluate their desorption and adsorption properties. The tuffs are Ca-K-Na and contain clinoptilolite [...] Read more.
The migration of 32 elements from natural zeolitized tuffs from the Beli Plast and Golobradovo deposits (Bulgaria) was determined in ultrapure, tap, mineral, and coal mine waters in order to evaluate their desorption and adsorption properties. The tuffs are Ca-K-Na and contain clinoptilolite (90 and 78wt.%, respectively), plagioclase, sanidine, opal-CT, mica, quartz, montmorillonite, goethite, calcite, ankerite, apatite, and monazite. The desorption properties are best revealed during the treatment of ultrapure, tap, and mineral water, whereas the adsorption properties are best manifested in coal mine water treatment. The concentrations of Al, Si, Fe, Na, Mn, F, K, Pb, and U increase in the treated ultrapure, tap, and mineral water, while the content of K, Be, Pb, and F increase in the treated mine water. The tuffs show selective partial or complete adsorption of Na, Mg, Sr, Li, Be, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Pb, U, and SO42−. They demonstrate the ability to neutralize acidic and alkaline pH. Sources of F are presumed to be clinoptilolite and montmorillonite. The usage of zeolitized tuffs for at-home drinking water treatment has to be performed with caution due to the migration of potentially toxic and toxic elements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clays, Zeolites and Engineered Mineral Materials for Wastewater Treatment)
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