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Minerals
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Igneous Intrusions in 3D
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Igneous Intrusions in 3D

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Deposits".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 December 2020) | Viewed by 9396

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Craig Magee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
Interests: magma emplacement; 3D intrusion structure; forced folding; normal faulting; seismic reflection data; rock magnetics
Prof. Dr. Qiliang Sun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Marine Science and Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
Interests: submarine geohazards (slope instability, over-pressured structure, submarine volcanism, and associated tsunami) and resources (hydrocarbon and gas hydrate)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. William McCarthy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Earth Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
Interests: intrusion architecture; rock magnetics; microstructures; magma transport; deformation; igneous ore deposits

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Magma transport and storage within the crust is facilitated by networks of dykes, sills, and larger plutonic bodies. Generation of space for these magma conduits and reservoirs is accommodated by deformation of the host rock, which can provide fluid flow pathways and may be expressed at Earth’s surface. Understanding the 3D structure and evolution of these magma plumbing systems, coupled with associated host rock deformation, is therefore critical to evaluating their impact on volcano distribution and eruption, tectonic processes, and accumulation of economic resources. This Special Issue will bring together cutting-edge research from a broad range of geological-, geophysical-, and modelling-based disciplines that aim to unravel the 3D geometry and growth of igneous intrusions or entire magma plumbing systems. Studies integrating a range of techniques are particularly welcome, and we encourage authors to consider how their research contributes to understanding and solving socio-economic problems concerning volcanic hazards and securing supply of raw materials and energy.

Dr. Craig Magee
Prof. Dr. Qiliang Sun
Dr. William McCarthy
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Intrusion structure
  • Magma emplacement
  • Host rock deformation
  • Economic resources
  • Volcanic hazard
  • Seismic reflection data
  • Field observations
  • Modelling

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

34 pages, 9340 KiB  
Article
Emplacement and Segment Geometry of Large, High-Viscosity Magmatic Sheets
by Tobias Schmiedel, Steffi Burchardt, Tobias Mattsson, Frank Guldstrand, Olivier Galland, Joaquín Octavio Palma and Henrik Skogby
Minerals 2021, 11(10), 1113; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11101113 - 11 Oct 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3004
Abstract
Understanding magma transport in sheet intrusions is crucial to interpreting volcanic unrest. Studies of dyke emplacement and geometry focus predominantly on low-viscosity, mafic dykes. Here, we present an in-depth study of two high-viscosity dykes (106 Pa·s) in the Chachahuén volcano, Argentina, the [...] Read more.
Understanding magma transport in sheet intrusions is crucial to interpreting volcanic unrest. Studies of dyke emplacement and geometry focus predominantly on low-viscosity, mafic dykes. Here, we present an in-depth study of two high-viscosity dykes (106 Pa·s) in the Chachahuén volcano, Argentina, the Great Dyke and the Sosa Dyke. To quantify dyke geometries, magma flow indicators, and magma viscosity, we combine photogrammetry, microstructural analysis, igneous petrology, Fourier-Transform-Infrared-Spectroscopy, and Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS). Our results show that the dykes consist of 3 to 8 mappable segments up to 2 km long. Segments often end in a bifurcation, and segment tips are predominantly oval, but elliptical tips occur in the outermost segments of the Great Dyke. Furthermore, variations in host rocks have no observable impact on dyke geometry. AMS fabrics and other flow indicators in the Sosa Dyke show lateral magma flow in contrast to the vertical flow suggested by the segment geometries. A comparison with segment geometries of low-viscosity dykes shows that our high-viscosity dykes follow the same geometrical trend. In fact, the data compilation supports that dyke segment and tip geometries reflect different stages in dyke emplacement, questioning the current usage for final sheet geometries as proxies for emplacement mechanism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Igneous Intrusions in 3D)
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19 pages, 40153 KiB  
Article
Igneous Activity and Structural Development of the Mianhua Terrace, Offshore North Taiwan
by Jih-Hsin Chang, Eason Yi-Cheng Yang, Ho-Han Hsu, Tzu-Ting Chen, Char-Shine Liu and Shye-Donq Chiu
Minerals 2021, 11(3), 303; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11030303 - 16 Mar 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3202
Abstract
Using bathymetric and multichannel seismic (MCS) data, we explored the volcanic influence on the bathymetric and stratigraphic features of the Mianhua Terrace. The Mianhua Terrace occupies the marine counterpart of the Northern Taiwan Volcanic Zone (NTVZ) along the collapsed Taiwan orogenic wedge and [...] Read more.
Using bathymetric and multichannel seismic (MCS) data, we explored the volcanic influence on the bathymetric and stratigraphic features of the Mianhua Terrace. The Mianhua Terrace occupies the marine counterpart of the Northern Taiwan Volcanic Zone (NTVZ) along the collapsed Taiwan orogenic wedge and is dominated by post-collisional magmatism and extensional structures. The bathymetric data showed several semicircular-shaped features near the shelf break. The MCS profiles showed that the Pleistocene unconformity buried beneath the Mianhua Terrace is partly difficult to observe due to seafloor multiples, suggesting that the seafloor is dominated by physically hard lithology, probably volcanic lavas. We interpreted the high-amplitude reflectors and their projected seafloor relief as intrusive sills and associated extrusive edifice. Similarly, we interpreted high-amplitude reflectors in the vicinity of normal faults as intrusive sills emplaced and facilitated by fault structures. A volcanic or hydrothermal mound was also recognized. We propose that the Mianhua Terrace is a breached ramp in a transfer zone between the tips of two successive normal faults along the shelf break. Once the fault tips reactivate and extend toward each other, the Mianhua Terrace may continue to collapse, leading to catastrophic volcanic or associated hydrothermal events. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Igneous Intrusions in 3D)
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17 pages, 8676 KiB  
Article
Forced Fold Amplitude and Sill Thickness Constrained by Wireline and 3-D Seismic Data Suggest an Elastic Magma-Induced Deformation in Tarim Basin, NW China
by Wei Tian, Xiaomin Li and Lei Wang
Minerals 2021, 11(3), 293; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11030293 - 11 Mar 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2518
Abstract
Disparities between fold amplitude (A) and intrusion thickness (Hsill) are critical in identifying elastic or inelastic deformation in a forced fold. However, accurate measurements of these two parameters are challenging because of the limit in separability and detectability of the seismic [...] Read more.
Disparities between fold amplitude (A) and intrusion thickness (Hsill) are critical in identifying elastic or inelastic deformation in a forced fold. However, accurate measurements of these two parameters are challenging because of the limit in separability and detectability of the seismic data. We combined wireline data and 3-D seismic data from the TZ-47 exploring area in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China, to accurately constrain the fold amplitude and total thickness of sills that induced roof uplift in the terrain. Results from the measurement show that the forced fold amplitude is 155.0 m. After decompaction, the original forced fold amplitude in the area penetrated by the well T47 ranged from 159.9 to 225.8 m, which overlaps the total thickness of the stack of sills recovered by seismic method (171.4 m) and well log method (181.0 m). Therefore, the fold amplitude at T47 area is likely to be elastic. In contrast, the outer area of the TZ-47 forced fold is characterized by shear-style deformation, indicating inelastic deformation at the marginal area. It is suggested that interbedded limestone layers would play an important role in strengthening the roof layers, preventing inelastic deformation during the emplacement of intrusive magma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Igneous Intrusions in 3D)
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