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Minerals
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Mining Waste as Raw Materials for Mullite-Based Ceramics
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Mining Waste as Raw Materials for Mullite-Based Ceramics

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 11473

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Maximina Romero

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
MEDES Group, Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Sciences, IETcc-CSIC, C/ Serrano Galvache 4, 28033 Madrid, Spain
Interests: glasses; ceramics; waste valorization; microstructure; mullite; porcelain stoneware; glazes; concentrated solar radiation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Aurora López-Delgado

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Guest Editor
National Center for Metallurgical Research (CENIM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: concentrated solar energy; solid waste treatment; inorganic synthesis processes; environmental engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Isabel Padilla

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Guest Editor
National Center for Metallurgical Research (CENIM); Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: concentrated solar energy; solid waste; metals; material characterization; adsorption process; chemical analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2) is an aluminosilicate characterized by excellent physical properties, such as good resistance to thermal shock, low thermal conductivity, good resistance to wear and deformation, working temperature over 1200 °C, etc., which make it an important ceramic material. In this way, ceramic materials based on mullite find application in different technological fields as refractory material (metallurgy, glass, ceramics, etc.), matrix in composite materials for high temperature applications, substrate in multilayer packaging, protective coatings, components of turbine engines, windows transparent to infrared radiation, etc.

However, mullite is scarce in nature so it has to be manufactured through different synthesis methods, such as sintering, melting + crystallization or through a sol-gel route. Commonly, mullite is fabricated from pure technical grade raw materials, making the manufacturing process expensive. An alternative to lowering the cost is the use of mining waste as silica and alumina feedstock, which are the necessary chemical compounds required to manufacture mullite ceramics. In addition to the economic benefits, the use of mining waste brings environmental benefits as it prevents the over-exploitation of natural resources and reduces the volume of mining waste that needs to be managed.

For this Special Issue on “Mining Waste as Raw Materials for Mullite-Based Ceramics”, researchers can report findings on the use of sterile materials generated in mining activities (rubble, sludge, etc.) for the manufacture of ceramic materials containing mullite as a main crystalline phase (refractories, porcelain, porcelain stoneware, substrates, filters, coatings, membranes, composites, etc.). Given your reputed experience in this field and the outstanding impact of your previous publications, we would very much appreciate your contribution in this Special Issue of Minerals.

Dr. Maximina Romero
Dr. Aurora López-Delgado
Dr. Isabel Padilla
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Mining Waste
  • Mullite
  • Sintering
  • Melting + crystallization
  • Sol-gel
  • Porcelain and porcelain stoneware
  • Refractories
  • Coatings
  • Membranes
  • Composites

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2235 KiB  
Article
Mining Wastes of an Albite Deposit as Raw Materials for Vitrified Mullite Ceramics
by Pedro J. Sánchez-Soto, Eduardo Garzón, Luis Pérez-Villarejo, George N. Angelopoulos and Dolores Eliche-Quesada
Minerals 2021, 11(3), 232; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11030232 - 25 Feb 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2734
Abstract
In this work, an examination of mining wastes of an albite deposit in south Spain was carried out using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis, thermo-dilatometry and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, followed by the determination of [...] Read more.
In this work, an examination of mining wastes of an albite deposit in south Spain was carried out using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis, thermo-dilatometry and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, followed by the determination of the main ceramic properties. The albite content in two selected samples was high (65–40 wt. %), accompanied by quartz (25–40 wt. %) and other minor minerals identified by XRD, mainly kaolinite, in agreement with the high content of silica and alumina determined by XRF. The content of Na2O was in the range 5.44–3.09 wt. %, being associated with albite. The iron content was very low (<0.75 wt. %). The kaolinite content in the waste was estimated from ~8 to 32 wt. %. The particle size analysis indicated values of 11–31 wt. % of particles <63 µm. The ceramic properties of fired samples (1000–1350 °C) showed progressive shrinkage by the thermal effect, with water absorption and open porosity almost at zero at 1200–1250 °C. At 1200 °C, the bulk density reached a maximum value of 2.38 g/cm3. An abrupt change in the phase evolution by XRD was found from 1150 to 1200 °C, with the disappearance of albite by melting in accordance with the predictions of the phase diagram SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O and the system albite-quartz. These fired materials contained as main crystalline phases quartz and mullite. Quartz was present in the raw samples and mullite was formed by decomposition of kaolinite. The observation of mullite forming needle-shape crystals was revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The formation of fully densified and vitrified mullite materials by firing treatments was demonstrated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mining Waste as Raw Materials for Mullite-Based Ceramics)
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Review

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39 pages, 5137 KiB  
Review
Mullite-Based Ceramics from Mining Waste: A Review
by Maximina Romero, Isabel Padilla, Manuel Contreras and Aurora López-Delgado
Minerals 2021, 11(3), 332; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11030332 - 23 Mar 2021
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 7414
Abstract
Mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2) is an aluminosilicate characterized by excellent physical properties, which makes it an important ceramic material. In this way, ceramics based on mullite find applications in different technological fields as refractory material (metallurgy, glass, ceramics, etc.), [...] Read more.
Mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2) is an aluminosilicate characterized by excellent physical properties, which makes it an important ceramic material. In this way, ceramics based on mullite find applications in different technological fields as refractory material (metallurgy, glass, ceramics, etc.), matrix in composite materials for high temperature applications, substrate in multilayer packaging, protective coatings, components of turbine engines, windows transparent to infrared radiation, etc. However, mullite is scarce in nature so it has to be manufactured through different synthesis methods, such as sintering, melting-crystallization or through a sol-gel route. Commonly, mullite is fabricated from pure technical grade raw materials, making the manufacturing process expensive. An alternative to lowering the cost is the use of mining waste as silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) feedstock, which are the necessary chemical compounds required to manufacture mullite ceramics. In addition to the economic benefits, the use of mining waste brings out environmental benefits as it prevents the over-exploitation of natural resources and reduces the volume of mining waste that needs to be managed. This article reviews the scientific studies carried out in order to use waste (steriles and tailings) generated in mining activities for the manufacture of clay-based ceramic materials containing mullite as a main crystalline phase. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mining Waste as Raw Materials for Mullite-Based Ceramics)
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