Characterization of Minerals and Raw Materials Resources Replenishment

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 June 2025 | Viewed by 2468

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Earth Sciences Department and GeoBioTec, FCT-NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
Interests: mineral resources; responsible mining; mine closure; metals and circular economy; advanced materials characterization (primary and secondary mineral raw materials); geoenvironmental engineering; risk analysis & decision-making analysis; data processing & statistical analysis in earth sciences

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Earth Sciences Department and GeoBioTec, FCT-NOVA University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
Interests: geological modelling; geostatistics; data analysis; mineral resource assessment; circular economy
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Technological advances and equipment innovation in distinct sectors such as transport industry, medicine, pharmaceutical industry, and food production, as well as the necessities due to the implementation of energy transition policies, have significantly increased the demand for critical raw materials of mineral origin. Although some of the necessities refers to applications and equipment that utilize small quantities of these raw materials, its availability, responsible exploitation, and low recycling rates are aspects of concern that have been contributing to increased investigation and industrial interests regarding technological innovation in (a) mineral and elemental identification in distinct geological and geochemical contexts, (b) remining and efficient exploitability of mining waste, (c) advanced mineral and geochemical characterization in primary and secondary raw material sources, and (d) introducing efficient processing alternatives in the production mine value chains that promote multiple mineral and metal recovery. For most cases, the high level of technological sophistication implies a significant decrease in cut-off grades and mineral liberation size, increasing the necessities for detailed geometallurgic and microscopic studies at millimetric, micrometric, and ideally, in some cases, at nanometric scales.

This Special Issue invites submissions that include original scientific research related with the identification and characterization of minerals and critical elements in primary and secondary resources. The Special Issue focuses on the following topics: (1) the occurrence of critical raw materials in nature, and identification of its exploitable mineralogical forms, and exploitability thresholds; (2) mineral resource identification, liberation size, and cut-off grade in secondary raw materials; (3) microscopic and spectroscopic advanced techniques for elemental and mineral identification and classification such as SEM-EDS, QEMSCAN, LIBS, XRF, EDXRF, and RAMAN; (4) hyperspectral imaging for elemental and mineral identification, including HCLI (Hyperspectral Core Logging Imaging); (5) case studies and applications considering ore and industrial minerals as multiple sources of distinct raw materials; (6) case studies and applications considering secondary raw materials as alternative sources for mineral recovery or industrial mineral production; and (7) discoveries and innovative exploration studies of critical mineral raw materials.

Dr. Sofia Barbosa
Dr. José António de Almeida
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • advanced mineral characterization
  • mine value chain optimization
  • mining waste resources and exploitability
  • mineral resources in secondary raw materials

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 4226 KiB  
Article
Characterization of a Nickel Sulfide Concentrate and Its Implications on Pentlandite Beneficiation
by Linda D. Ayedzi, Massimiliano Zanin, William Skinner and George B. Abaka-Wood
Minerals 2024, 14(4), 414; https://doi.org/10.3390/min14040414 - 18 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1852
Abstract
In anticipation of future demands, a comprehensive understanding of the chemical and mineralogical characteristics of nickel-bearing minerals is a prerequisite to devising effective nickel beneficiation methods. Of particular importance are markers in the mineralogy of the flotation concentrate that inform beneficiation strategies to [...] Read more.
In anticipation of future demands, a comprehensive understanding of the chemical and mineralogical characteristics of nickel-bearing minerals is a prerequisite to devising effective nickel beneficiation methods. Of particular importance are markers in the mineralogy of the flotation concentrate that inform beneficiation strategies to improve concentrate grades, increasing both the marketability and cost of refining. In this work, a detailed characterization of a complex nickel sulfide flotation concentrate from a Western Australian deposit was carried out to determine the mode of occurrence and distribution of nickel and the associated gangue minerals, with the view of identifying prudent beneficiation strategies to improve concentrate grades. The concentrate was characterized via particle, chemical, and mineralogical techniques. Particle size analysis of the concentrate showed that it consisted predominantly of fine and ultra-fine particles (<20 μm), with the nickel value concentrated in the finer size fractions. Nickel mineralization in the ore (by quantitative X-ray diffraction) was found to be within pentlandite, violarite, millerite, and gersdorffite. The sulfide gangue was predominantly pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, and galena. Quantitative evaluation of minerals by scanning microscopy (QEMSCAN) analysis revealed that nickel minerals are at least 91% liberated, and the remaining portion (around 7%) is locked within binary iron (Fe) sulfides and 2% within complex minerals. Based on these findings, potential processing options, such as magnetic separation, gravity separation, and froth flotation, for recovering and upgrading nickel from this concentrate are discussed. Notably, with the significant presence of ultrafine/fine pyrrhotite content, averaging around 52% in the minus 38 µm fraction, novel flotation cells, including the Jameson cell, column flotation cells, and Reflux flotation cell (RFC), have been identified as potential candidates for fine/ultrafine pentlandite recovery. Overall, the characterization study conducted suggests that acquiring knowledge about the mineralogical characteristics of existing mineral concentrates can serve as a pathway to improving future concentrate grades. Full article
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