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Research Progress of Fluorescent Probes
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Research Progress of Fluorescent Probes

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Photochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 2540

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yonglei Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Interests: nanoprobe; fluorescent probes; molecular spectroscopy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue was devised to broadly discuss the applications of fluorescent probes in the fields of chemistry, medicine, biology, pharmacology, and physiology. Fluorescent probes include light-emitting groups, linking groups, and recognition groups in structure. Recognition groups are usually used to identify small molecular substances; these small molecular substances, such as metal ions, enzymes, thiols, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, H+, etc., play a crucial role in physiological processes, and their concentrations are often abnormal. This is closely related to diseases including stroke, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, myocardial infarction, and even tumors. Fluorescent probes have the advantages of simple operation, good selectivity, and high sensitivity. Moreover, they are the most commonly and widely used fluorescent analysis methods. So far, fluorescent probes have been widely used in the determination of small molecules, biological tissue imaging, and disease diagnosis. Therefore, the collection of organic small molecule fluorescent probes for detection, for imaging, and for their potential applications in the field of clinical diagnosis is of significant importance.

Dr. Yonglei Chen
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • one-photon fluorescent probes
  • two-photon fluorescent probes
  • multi-photon fluorescent probes
  • upconverting fluorescent probes
  • AIE fluorescent probes

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 2924 KiB  
Article
Detection of Silver and Mercury Ions Using Naphthalimide-Based Fluorescent Probe
by Chunwei Yu, Xiangxiang Li, Mei Yang, Yinghao Xie and Jun Zhang
Molecules 2024, 29(21), 5196; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29215196 - 2 Nov 2024
Viewed by 743
Abstract
A multifunctional fluorescent probe P based on a naphthalimide derivative for the detection of Ag+ and Hg2+ through a dual-signal was designed and characterized. P exhibited a large Stokes shift (107 nm), high selectivity, good sensitivity, and fast response time. By [...] Read more.
A multifunctional fluorescent probe P based on a naphthalimide derivative for the detection of Ag+ and Hg2+ through a dual-signal was designed and characterized. P exhibited a large Stokes shift (107 nm), high selectivity, good sensitivity, and fast response time. By adjusting the testing medium and the order of reagent addition, multifunctional detection with P was achieved. The addition of Ag+ or Hg2+ to P solution in either ethanol or an ethanol–water mixture resulted in a significant quenching of fluorescence emission at 537 nm and caused a decrease in the absorbance at 440 nm accompanied by the appearance of a new absorption peak at around 340 nm, and there was an obvious color change from yellow to colorless. In contrast, the addition of other common metal ions and anions did not produce substantial spectral or color changes. The detection limit of probe P for Ag+ and Hg2+ was calculated to be 0.33 μM. The sensing mechanism was proposed and validated through MS and 1H NMR spectrometry methods. Additionally, P demonstrated the capability to recognize Ag+ and Hg2+ in living cells with satisfactory results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress of Fluorescent Probes)
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18 pages, 6326 KiB  
Article
Nitrogen and Sulfur Co-Doped Graphene-Quantum-Dot-Based Fluorescent Sensor for Rapid Visual Detection of Water Content in Organic Solvents
by Hongyuan Zhang, Jieqiong Wang, Xiaona Ji, Yanru Bao, Ce Han and Guoying Sun
Molecules 2024, 29(21), 5178; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29215178 - 1 Nov 2024
Viewed by 597
Abstract
Accurate water content detection is crucial for optimizing chemical reactions, ensuring product quality in pharmaceutical manufacturing, and maintaining food safety. In this study, nitrogen and sulfur co-doped graphene quantum dots (R-GQDs) were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method using o-phenylenediamine as the carbon [...] Read more.
Accurate water content detection is crucial for optimizing chemical reactions, ensuring product quality in pharmaceutical manufacturing, and maintaining food safety. In this study, nitrogen and sulfur co-doped graphene quantum dots (R-GQDs) were synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method using o-phenylenediamine as the carbon source. The synthesis conditions, including reaction time, temperature, o-phenylenediamine concentration, and H2SO4/water ratio, were optimized using the Box-Behnken response surface methodology. The R-GQDs exhibited excellent fluorescence stability and distinct solvent-dependent characteristics, alongside a broad linear detection range and high sensitivity, making them highly suitable for dual-mode water content detection (colorimetric and fluorescent). To enhance the accuracy of visual detection, R-GQDs were incorporated into portable test strips with smartphone-assisted analysis, compensating for the human eye’s limitations in distinguishing subtle color changes. The sensor’s practical utility was validated through spiked recovery experiments in food samples, and the R-GQDs demonstrated good biocompatibility for in vivo imaging in shrimp. These findings highlight a novel strategy for developing portable, real-time water content sensors with potential applications in both portable detection systems and biological imaging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress of Fluorescent Probes)
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10 pages, 3626 KiB  
Article
Turn-On Fluorescence Probe for Cancer-Related γ-Glutamyltranspeptidase Detection
by Muhammad Saleem, Muhammad Hanif, Samuel Bonne, Muhammad Zeeshan, Salahuddin Khan, Muhammad Rafiq, Tehreem Tahir, Changrui Lu and Rujie Cai
Molecules 2024, 29(19), 4776; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29194776 - 9 Oct 2024
Viewed by 964
Abstract
The design and development of fluorescent materials for detecting cancer-related enzymes are crucial for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we present a substituted rhodamine derivative for the chromogenic and fluorogenic detection of the cancer-relevant enzyme γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT). Initially, the probe is non-chromic [...] Read more.
The design and development of fluorescent materials for detecting cancer-related enzymes are crucial for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we present a substituted rhodamine derivative for the chromogenic and fluorogenic detection of the cancer-relevant enzyme γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT). Initially, the probe is non-chromic and non-emissive due to its spirolactam form, which hinders extensive electronic delocalization over broader pathway. However, selective enzymatic cleavage of the side-coupled group triggers spirolactam ring opening, resulting in electronic flow across the rhodamine skeleton, and reduces the band gap for low-energy electronic transitions. This transformation turns the reaction mixture from colorless to intense pink, with prominent UV and fluorescence bands. The sensor’s selectivity was tested against various human enzymes, including urease, alkaline phosphatase, acetylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, and cyclooxygenase, and showed no response. Absorption and fluorescence titration analyses of the probe upon incremental addition of GGT into the probe solution revealed a consistent increase in both absorption and emission spectra, along with intensified pink coloration. The cellular toxicity of the receptor was evaluated using the MTT assay, and bioimaging analysis was performed on BHK-21 cells, which produced bright red fluorescence, demonstrating the probe’s excellent cell penetration and digestion capabilities for intracellular analytical detection. Molecular docking results supported the fact that probe-4 made stable interactions with the GGT active site residues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress of Fluorescent Probes)
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