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Molecules
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3D, 2.5D Printing and Additive Manufacturing
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3D, 2.5D Printing and Additive Manufacturing

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2020) | Viewed by 14352

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Susanne Klein

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Fine Print Research, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
Interests: scanning electron microscopy; atomic force microscopy; wide and small X-ray scattering; neutron scattering; interferometry; static and dynamic light scattering; polarization optics; liquid crystals; colloidal chemistry; colloidal liquid crystals; colloids in liquid crystals; electrophoresis, milling (as in dispersion); ink formulation; substrate/ink interactions; glass technology; kiln glass technology; 3D printing; 3D scanning; optical cryptography; electroconvection; colour science; intaglio and relief printing; 19th-century photographic methods

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Most people will come into contact with 3D printing and additive manufacturing via a cheap and cheerful printer made from a kit and sitting in a school, coffee shop or university lab, for example. After the first excitement, the little trinkets that were created are forgotten or the spare parts disappear into an instrument. Almost no one is aware how ubiquitous printing and additive manufacturing is and has been for centuries. In ancient Greece, moulds were used to mass produce clay figurines. The first reproduction methods for photographic images were 2.5 D prints. This Special Issue aims to showcase and review modern applications of 3D, 2.5D printing and additive manufacturing, including medical devices, security printing, and applications in the creative industries.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Susanne Klein
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Printing as an industrial process
  • New materials for additive manufacturing
  • 2.5 D printing
  • Printing with functional materials
  • 3D printing for conservation
  • 3D printing in medicine
  • 3D printing in the creative industries

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 15515 KiB  
Article
Experimental Investigation of Color Reproduction Quality of Color 3D Printing Based on Colored Layer Features
by Jiangping Yuan, Jieni Tian, Chen Chen and Guangxue Chen
Molecules 2020, 25(12), 2909; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25122909 - 24 Jun 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3073
Abstract
Color three-dimensional (3D) printing is an advanced 3D printing technique for reproducing colorful 3D objects, but it still has color accuracy issues. Plastic-based color 3D printing is a common color 3D printing process, and most factors affecting its color reproduction quality have been [...] Read more.
Color three-dimensional (3D) printing is an advanced 3D printing technique for reproducing colorful 3D objects, but it still has color accuracy issues. Plastic-based color 3D printing is a common color 3D printing process, and most factors affecting its color reproduction quality have been studied from printing materials to parameters in the fixed consecutive layers. In this work, and combined with variable stair thickness, the colored layer sequence in sliced layers of a specific 3D color test chart is deliberately changed to test the effects of colored layer features on its final color reproduction quality. Meanwhile, the colorimetric measurement and image acquisition of printed 3D color test charts are both achieved under standard conditions. Results clearly show that the chromatic aberration values and mean structural similarity (MSSIM) values of color samples have a significant correlation with the colored stair thickness, but both did not display a linear relationship. The correlation trends between colored layer sequence and the above two indexes are more localized to the colored stair thickness. Combined with color structural similarity (SSIM) maps analysis, a comprehensive discussion between colored layer features and color reproduction quality of color 3D printing is presented, providing key insights for developing further accurate numerical models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D, 2.5D Printing and Additive Manufacturing)
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20 pages, 11110 KiB  
Article
The Polychromatic Woodburytype—Colour Tracking in Translucent, Patterned Gelatin/Pigment Films
by Damien Jon Leech, Walter Guy and Susanne Klein
Molecules 2020, 25(11), 2468; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25112468 - 26 May 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2835
Abstract
The Woodburytype is a 19th century photomechanical technique capable of producing high-quality continuous-tone prints. It uses pigment dispersed in gelatin to produce a 2.5D print, in which the effect of varying tone is produced by a variation in the print height. We propose [...] Read more.
The Woodburytype is a 19th century photomechanical technique capable of producing high-quality continuous-tone prints. It uses pigment dispersed in gelatin to produce a 2.5D print, in which the effect of varying tone is produced by a variation in the print height. We propose a method of constructing full colour prints in this manner, using a CMY colour model. This involves the layering of multiple translucent pigmented gelatin films and tracking how the perceived colour of these stacks changes with varying height. A set of CMY inks is constructed, taking into account the optical properties of both the pigment and gelatin, and a method of translating images into these prints is detailed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D, 2.5D Printing and Additive Manufacturing)
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14 pages, 3241 KiB  
Article
Realization of Rapid Large-Size 3D Printing Based on Full-Color Powder-Based 3DP Technique
by Guangxue Chen, Xiaochun Wang, Haozhi Chen and Chen Chen
Molecules 2020, 25(9), 2037; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092037 - 27 Apr 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3087
Abstract
The powder-based 3DP (3D printing) technique has developed rapidly in creative and customized industries on account of it’s uniqueness, such as low energy consumption, cheap consumables, and non-existent exhaust emissions. Moreover, it could actualize full-color 3D printing. However, the printing time and size [...] Read more.
The powder-based 3DP (3D printing) technique has developed rapidly in creative and customized industries on account of it’s uniqueness, such as low energy consumption, cheap consumables, and non-existent exhaust emissions. Moreover, it could actualize full-color 3D printing. However, the printing time and size are both in need of upgrade using ready printers, especially for large-size 3D printing objects. Given the above issues, the effects of height and monolayer area on printing time were explored and the quantitative relationship was given in this paper conducted on the specimens with a certain gradient. On this basis, an XYX rotation method was proposed to minimize the printing time. The mechanical tests were conducted with three impregnation types as well as seven printing angles and combined with the characterization of surface structure based on the scanning electron microscope (SEM) digital images to explore the optimum parameters of cutting-bonding frame (CBF) applied to powder-based 3D printing. Then, four adhesives were compared in terms of the width of bonded gap and chromatic aberration. The results revealed that ColorBond impregnated specimens showed excellent mechanical properties which reached maximum when printed at 45° to Z axis, and α-cyanoacrylate is the most suitable adhesive to bond full-color powder-based models. Finally, an operation technological process was summarized to realize the rapid manufacturing of large-size full-color 3D printed objects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D, 2.5D Printing and Additive Manufacturing)
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17 pages, 10705 KiB  
Article
Naked-Eye 3D Display Based on Microlens Array Using Combined Micro-Nano Imprint and UV Offset Printing Methods
by Linyi Chen, Guangxue Chen, Liyu Liao and Haozhi Chen
Molecules 2020, 25(9), 2012; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092012 - 25 Apr 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4356
Abstract
An optical film integrating microlens array (MLAs) and 3D micro-graphics is an important way to achieve the naked-eye 3D display effect. The 3D micro-graphics is traditionally generated by the micro-nano imprint technology based on precision engraving mold, which leads to high production cost [...] Read more.
An optical film integrating microlens array (MLAs) and 3D micro-graphics is an important way to achieve the naked-eye 3D display effect. The 3D micro-graphics is traditionally generated by the micro-nano imprint technology based on precision engraving mold, which leads to high production cost and low production efficiency, and thus restricts the rapid response to production tasks and large-scale popularization and application. In this study, a process scheme for large-scale printing of 3D micro-graphics using UV offset printing based on presensitized (PS) plate was proposed, matching with the MLAs fabricated by micro-nano imprint process to achieve naked-eye 3D display effect. We used the laser confocal microscope to systematically measure and analyze the geometric and optical performance of the fabricated MLAs in terms of height, curvature radius, center distance, spacing, focal length, and numerical aperture, and evaluated the influence of the publishing resolution of the PS plate on the display effect of 3D micro-graphics. The printing quality and display effect of 3D micro-graphics were further improved by adjusting process parameters such as printing speed and printing pressure. The results of the current study demonstrate that the combined application of micro-nano imprint technology based on precision mold and UV offset printing technology based on PS plate can achieve an excellent naked-eye 3D display effect in 360° all angles, which is efficient, cost-saving, and highly flexible. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D, 2.5D Printing and Additive Manufacturing)
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