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Novel Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Biological Activities and Modelling Studies

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Medicinal Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 1095

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
Interests: medicinal chemistry; HDAC inhibitors; cancer; CNS ligands; total synthesis; method development
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
Interests: drug design; drug discovery; medicinal chemistry; organic synthesis; lead optimization; anticancer; molecular modeling; in vitro assays
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Altering enzyme activity has profound biological and medicinal effects; thus, enzyme inhibitors enable the selective inhibition of essential pathogenic enzymes (acting as antibiotics, antivirals, or antiparasitic agents) or of aberrant human enzymes (correcting for a pathological condition). Enzyme inhibitors may bind irreversibly (through covalent bonding) or reversibly (through non-covalent bonding), but in either case, drawbacks to the inherent mechanism of action must be considered, adding additional barriers to the development of viable inhibitors. This Special Issue pays homage to the drug discovery progress of inhibitors, which requires exceptional dedication, skill, and creativity.

For this Special Issue, we welcome papers that highlight the development and biological evaluation of organic compounds (this can be addressed from several sub-disciplines, including medicinal chemistry, total synthesis, natural product chemistry, and computational chemistry).

Dr. Hari Krishna Namballa
Dr. Velma Ganga Reddy
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • drug design
  • medicinal chemistry
  • organic synthesis
  • total synthesis
  • multi-drug resistance
  • biological activity
  • anticancer
  • heterocyclic compounds
  • cytotoxicity
  • structure–activity relationship
  • molecular modeling

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

36 pages, 9346 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationship (SAR) Studies on New 4-Aminoquinoline-Hydrazones and Isatin Hybrids as Promising Antibacterial Agents
by Ayesha Ubaid, Mohd. Shakir, Asghar Ali, Sobia Khan, Jihad Alrehaili, Razique Anwer and Mohammad Abid
Molecules 2024, 29(23), 5777; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29235777 - 6 Dec 2024
Viewed by 705
Abstract
In response to the escalating crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), there is an urgent need to research and develop novel antibiotics. This study presents the synthesis and assessment of innovative 4-aminoquinoline-benzohydrazide-based molecular hybrids bearing aryl aldehydes (HD1-23) and substituted isatin warheads [...] Read more.
In response to the escalating crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), there is an urgent need to research and develop novel antibiotics. This study presents the synthesis and assessment of innovative 4-aminoquinoline-benzohydrazide-based molecular hybrids bearing aryl aldehydes (HD1-23) and substituted isatin warheads (HS1-12), characterized using multispectroscopic techniques with high purity confirmed by HRMS. The compounds were evaluated against a panel of clinically relevant antibacterial strains including the Gram-positive Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus and a Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial strain. Preliminary screenings revealed that several test compounds had significant antimicrobial effects, with HD6 standing out as a promising compound. Additionally, HD6 demonstrated impressively low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the range of (8–128 μg/mL) against the strains B. subtilis, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Upon further confirmation, HD6 not only showed bactericidal properties with low minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) such as (8 μg/mL against B. subtilis) but also displayed a synergistic effect when combined with the standard drug ciprofloxacin (CIP), highlighted by its FICI value of (0.375) against P. aeruginosa, while posing low toxicity risk. Remarkably, HD6 also inhibited a multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strain, marking it as a critical addition to our antimicrobial arsenal. Computation studies were performed to investigate the possible mechanism of action of the most potent hybrid HD6 on biofilm-causing protein (PDB ID: 7C7U). The findings suggested that HD6 exhibits favorable binding free energy, which is supported by the MD simulation studies, presumably responsible for the bacterial growth inhibition. Overall, this study provides a suitable core for further synthetic alterations for their optimization as an antibacterial agent. Full article
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