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Synthesis and Characterization of Self-Healing Materials

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2024) | Viewed by 3158

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), National Research Council, P.le Enrico Fermi 1, 80055 Portici, Italy
Interests: self-healing; epoxy resin; liquid crystalline polymers; thermosets; composites; cultural heritage
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Living organisms heal wounds and damage by generating new tissue to replace damaged organs and restore original function. Although synthetic materials are far from possessing this hyper-efficient repair mechanism, the concept of self-healing is gaining momentum in the scientific literature to describe a plethora of man-made materials including metals, ceramics and polymers, used in emerging technological fields.

In this context, self-healing (SH) materials are synthetic substances capable of repairing damage without external input of virgin/repair material. The SH mechanism is activated either autonomously or by external triggering (heat or radiation) using "resources" built into the material formulation as healing agents or reversible chemical bonds. Undoubtedly, polymer science is the field experiencing the fastest growth of self-healing applications, with the publication rate of scientific papers increasing exponentially.

Pushed by the increasing concern about disposal or and recycling of industrial and municipal waste, the intrinsic ability of self-healing polymers to be easily recycled, reworked and repaired has stimulated the research of new materials and applications in the field of coatings, composites and biomaterials, just to name a few.

Nonetheless, significant efforts are still needed to increase the technology readiness levels (TRL) of self-healing materials and application and to establish unambiguous definitions and evaluation criteria.

This Special Issue aims to promote the research and application of self-healing polymers and contribute to the development of reusable, recyclable and more durable engineering materials, with a reduced environmental footprint and which are suitable for promoting the transition towards a circular economy business model.

Dr. Eugenio Amendola
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • self-healing
  • epoxy resins
  • vitrimers
  • multiple healing
  • recycling
  • reworking
  • covalent adaptive networks (cans)
  • composites

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 12709 KiB  
Article
Bio-Based Self-Healing Epoxy Vitrimers with Dynamic Imine and Disulfide Bonds Derived from Vanillin, Cystamine, and Dimer Diamine
by Itsuki Abe and Mitsuhiro Shibata
Molecules 2024, 29(20), 4839; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29204839 - 12 Oct 2024
Viewed by 901
Abstract
The condensation reactions of 4,4′-(ethane-1,2-diylbis (oxy)) bis(3-methoxybenzaldehyde) (VV) with cystamine, 1,6-hexamenthylene diamine, and a dimer diamine (PriamineTM 1075) produced three types of vanillin-derived imine-and disulfide-containing diamines (VC, VH, and VD, respectively). Thermal curing reactions of polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether with VD and mixtures [...] Read more.
The condensation reactions of 4,4′-(ethane-1,2-diylbis (oxy)) bis(3-methoxybenzaldehyde) (VV) with cystamine, 1,6-hexamenthylene diamine, and a dimer diamine (PriamineTM 1075) produced three types of vanillin-derived imine-and disulfide-containing diamines (VC, VH, and VD, respectively). Thermal curing reactions of polyglycerol polyglycidyl ether with VD and mixtures of VC/VD and VH/VD produced bio-based epoxy vitrimers (BEV-VD, BEV-VC/VD, and BEV-VH/VD, respectively). The degree of swelling and gel fraction tests revealed the formation of a network structure, and the crosslinking density increased with a decreasing VD fraction. The glass transition temperature, tensile strength, and tensile modulus of the cured films increased as the VD fraction decreased. In contrast, the thermal degradation temperature of the cured films increased as the VD fraction increased. All the cured films were healed by hot pressing at 120 °C for 2 h under 1 MPa at least three times. The healing efficiencies, based on tensile strength after the first healing treatment, were 75–78%, which gradually decreased as the healing cycle was repeated. When imine-and disulfide-containing BEV-VC/VD and imine-containing BEV-VH/VD with the same VC/VD and VH/VD ratios were used, the former exhibited a slightly higher healing efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Characterization of Self-Healing Materials)
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11 pages, 3575 KiB  
Article
Self-Healable and Reprocessable Silicon Elastomers Based on Imine–Boroxine Bonds for Flexible Strain Sensor
by Peng Wang, Zhuochao Wang, Lu Liu, Guobing Ying, Wenxin Cao and Jiaqi Zhu
Molecules 2023, 28(16), 6049; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28166049 - 14 Aug 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1774
Abstract
Silicon elastomers with excellent self-healing and reprocessing abilities are highly desirable for the advancement of next-generation energy, electronic, and robotic applications. In this study, a dual cross-linked self-healing polysiloxane elastomer was facilely fabricated by introducing an exchangeable imine bond and boroxine into polydimethylsiloxane [...] Read more.
Silicon elastomers with excellent self-healing and reprocessing abilities are highly desirable for the advancement of next-generation energy, electronic, and robotic applications. In this study, a dual cross-linked self-healing polysiloxane elastomer was facilely fabricated by introducing an exchangeable imine bond and boroxine into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) networks. The PDMS elastomers exhibited excellent self-healing properties due to the synergistic effect of dynamic reversible imine bonds and boroxine. After healing for 2 h, the mechanical strength of the damaged elastomers completely and rapidly recovered at room temperature. Furthermore, the prepared PDMS elastomers could be repeatedly reprocessed multiple times under milder conditions without significant degradation in mechanical performance. In addition, a stretchable and self-healable electrical sensor was developed by integrating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with the PDMS elastomer, which can be employed to monitor multifarious human motions in real time. Therefore, this work provides a new inspiration for preparing self-healable and reprocessable silicone elastomers for future flexible electronics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synthesis and Characterization of Self-Healing Materials)
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