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Dendrimers: From Synthesis to Applications
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Dendrimers: From Synthesis to Applications

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Macromolecular Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 6609

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Igor Neelov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Bioengineering, ITMO University, Kronverksky Pr. 49, bldg. A, 197101 Saint Petersburg, Russia
Interests: dendrimers; polymers; peptides; molecular dynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The first dendrimers were synthesized in the late 1970s (Buhleier, Wehner and VÖGTLE, 1978). The aim of this work was to create molecules regularly branching from a single center with large internal cavities and capable of forming host–guest complexes with ions and other molecules. While many dendrimers with different chemical structures have since been synthesized, one of the main applications remains the use of dendrimers as host molecules for various small and large guest molecules. At present, more and more new dendrimers continue to be synthesized and the number of different applications of these exotic molecules is also rapidly increasing. The purpose of this Special Issue is to present a collection of works devoted to the entire spectrum of issues related to dendrimers, ranging from the description of various methods for their synthesis, their characterization, and the study of various physicochemical properties of dendrimers (and their complexes and conjugates with various molecules) using various experimental and theoretical methods and methods of computer modeling to the presentation of the use of dendrimers in various fields of chemistry, biology, and technology.

Prof. Dr. Igor Neelov
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • dendrimers
  • synthesis
  • theory
  • computer simulations
  • characterization
  • conformational and dynamical properties
  • applications

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3020 KiB  
Article
Anion Transport Using Core Functionalized Hyperbranched Polymers and Evidence of a Dense Packed Limit Based on Molecular Weight
by Sozan Najib Abdullah, Georgia Mann and Lance J. Twyman
Molecules 2021, 26(22), 6850; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26226850 - 13 Nov 2021
Viewed by 2174
Abstract
Being able to bind, select, and transport species is central to a number of fields, including medicine, materials, and environmental science. In particular, recognizing a specific species from one phase and transporting it across, or into another phase, has obvious applications in environ-mental [...] Read more.
Being able to bind, select, and transport species is central to a number of fields, including medicine, materials, and environmental science. In particular, recognizing a specific species from one phase and transporting it across, or into another phase, has obvious applications in environ-mental science, for example, removal of unwanted or toxic materials from an aqueous or organic phase. In this paper, we describe an approach that uses a functionalized dendritic polymer to bind and transport a small anionic molecule across an organic phase (and between two aqueous phases). The design was based on encapsulation principles borrowed from nature, where anions are bound and transported by proteins that have specific sites within their globular ordered structures. For the work reported here, a globular dendritic polymer functionalized with an isophthalamide-based receptor was used to replace the protein structure and anion-binding site. Along with control experiments, the binding and transport properties of two functionalized HBPs were assessed using a Pressman U tube experiment. Both HBPs demonstrated an enhanced ability to bind and transport anions (when compared to the anion-binding site used in isolation). Furthermore, optimum binding and transport occurred when the smaller of the two HBPs were used. This supports our previous observations regarding the existence of a dense packed limit for HBPs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dendrimers: From Synthesis to Applications)
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23 pages, 4583 KiB  
Article
Size and Structure of Empty and Filled Nanocontainer Based on Peptide Dendrimer with Histidine Spacers at Different pH
by Valeriy V. Bezrodnyi, Sofia E. Mikhtaniuk, Oleg V. Shavykin, Igor M. Neelov, Nadezhda N. Sheveleva and Denis A. Markelov
Molecules 2021, 26(21), 6552; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216552 - 29 Oct 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2164
Abstract
Novel peptide dendrimer with Lys-2His repeating units was recently synthesized, studied by NMR (Molecules, 2019, 24, 2481) and tested as a nanocontainer for siRNA delivery (Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2020, 21, 3138). Histidine amino acid residues were inserted in the spacers of this [...] Read more.
Novel peptide dendrimer with Lys-2His repeating units was recently synthesized, studied by NMR (Molecules, 2019, 24, 2481) and tested as a nanocontainer for siRNA delivery (Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2020, 21, 3138). Histidine amino acid residues were inserted in the spacers of this dendrimer. Increase of their charge with a pH decrease turns a surface-charged dendrimer into a volume-charged one and should change all properties. In this paper, the molecular dynamics simulation method was applied to compare the properties of the dendrimer in water with explicit counterions at two different pHs (at normal pH with neutral histidines and at low pH with fully protonated histidines) in a wide interval of temperatures. We obtained that the dendrimer at low pH has essentially larger size and size fluctuations. The electrostatic properties of the dendrimers are different but they are in good agreement with the theoretical soft sphere model and practically do not depend on temperature. We have shown that the effect of pairing of side imidazole groups is much stronger in the dendrimer with neutral histidines than in the dendrimer with protonated histidines. We also demonstrated that the capacity of a nanocontainer based on this dendrimer with protonated histidines is significantly larger than that of a nanocontainer with neutral histidines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dendrimers: From Synthesis to Applications)
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11 pages, 1826 KiB  
Article
Adsorbing Volatile Organic Chemicals by Soluble Triazine-Based Dendrimers under Ambient Conditions with the Adsorption Capacity of Pyridine up to 946.2 mg/g
by Yao-Chih Lu, Chia-Yun Chien, Hsiu-Fu Hsu and Long-Li Lai
Molecules 2021, 26(16), 4862; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164862 - 11 Aug 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1642
Abstract
Two triazine-based dendrimers with peripheral 1,3,5-triamidobenzene (1-3-5-TAB) functionality were prepared, and their void spaces in the bulk solid were investigated. We examined dendrimers of three core lengths and determined the one with the longest core exhibits the largest void space because the peripheral [...] Read more.
Two triazine-based dendrimers with peripheral 1,3,5-triamidobenzene (1-3-5-TAB) functionality were prepared, and their void spaces in the bulk solid were investigated. We examined dendrimers of three core lengths and determined the one with the longest core exhibits the largest void space because the peripheral amides were not imbedded in the internal space of each dendritic molecule. The new dendrimers as solids were observed to adsorb volatile organic chemicals efficiently. Importantly, because the dendrimers are soluble in organic solvents, the adsorbed VOCs can be quantified by 1H-NMR spectroscopy by choosing a chemical shift (δ) of dendrimers as the internal standard to exclude interfering impurity signals, a much simpler and more efficient protocol than the traditional GC technique for the VOC quantification. One dendrimer was found to adsorb 24 equivalents of pyridine, so its adsorption capacity is equivalent to 946.2 mg/g. This is a more than 2-fold increase than the reported values by other porous materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dendrimers: From Synthesis to Applications)
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