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Recent Progress of Nanomaterials in Healthcare

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 16127

Special Issue Editors

Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
Interests: nanomaterials; clay materials; targeting drug delivery; oral vaccine delivery; development of functional nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and vaccine delivery; engineering novel nanoplatform for oral vaccine delivery; development of nano-formulations in feed for disease control in poultry; porous materials for energy production and storage
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Co-Guest Editor
Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
Interests: waste utilization; natural preservative; smart packaging; bioactive compounds; bioactivities
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last thirty years, nanotechnology and nanomaterials have been broadly used in the fields of medicine, imaging, diagnosis, and vaccine to enhance public health. Multifunctional nanomaterials have shown excellent performance in delivering drugs and genes efficiently to the targeted tissues and diagnosing disease rapidly and precisely due to their unique structure and properties. Several nanomaterials such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and inorganic particles have been approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in clinical application. Nanomedicine, combinational therapies, and nanotheranostics using advanced nanomaterials have attracted much attention and become the emerging technologies in healthcare that can improve treatment effectiveness and diagnostic accuracy. Cell–nanoparticle and tissue–nanoparticle interactions have been investigated to understand how the properties of nanoparticles modulate the performance of bioactive materials in cells and tissues, which provides an exciting prospect of being able to design functional nanomaterials with desired properties for treatment and diagnosis. Thus, this Special Issue aims to discuss and present recent progresses in nanomaterials for healthcare, including but not limited to nanomedicine, nanovaccine, biosensors, immunotherapy, combination therapy. The editors are pleased to invite high-quality, original research articles as well as review articles that provide new methods, new procedures, new results, or new understandings in this field.

Dr. Li Li
Guest Editor

Dr. Nilesh Nirmal
Co-Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • functional nanomaterials
  • nanomedicine
  • biosensors
  • targeted drug delivery
  • combination therapy
  • nanodiagnostics
  • diagnostic imaging
  • nanoenzyme

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 4449 KiB  
Article
Chemical and Physical Characterisation of Macroaggregated Human Serum Albumin: Strength and Specificity of Bonds with 99mTc and 68Ga
by Letizia Canziani, Manuela Marenco, Giorgio Cavenaghi, Giulia Manfrinato, Angelo Taglietti, Alessandro Girella, Carlo Aprile, Giovanna Pepe and Lorenzo Lodola
Molecules 2022, 27(2), 404; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020404 - 9 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2142
Abstract
Background: Macroaggregated human serum albumin (MAA) properties are widely used in nuclear medicine, labelled with 99mTc. The aim of this study is to improve the knowledge about the morphology, size, dimension and physical–chemical characteristics of MAA and their bond with 99mTc [...] Read more.
Background: Macroaggregated human serum albumin (MAA) properties are widely used in nuclear medicine, labelled with 99mTc. The aim of this study is to improve the knowledge about the morphology, size, dimension and physical–chemical characteristics of MAA and their bond with 99mTc and 68Ga. Methods: Commercial kits of MAA (Pulmocis®) were used. Characterisation through experiments based on SEM, DLS and Stokes’ Law were carried out. In vitro experiments for Langmuir isotherms and pH studies on radiolabelling were performed and the stability of the radiometal complex was verified through competition reactions. Results: The study settles the MAA dimension within the range 43–51 μm. The Langmuir isotherm reveals for [99mTc]MAA: Bmax (46.32), h (2.36); for [68Ga]MAA: Bmax (44.54), h (0.893). Dual labelling reveals that MAA does not discriminate different radioisotopes. Experiments on pH placed the optimal pH for labelling with 99mTc at 6. Conclusion: Radiolabelling of MAA is possible with high efficiency. The nondiscriminatory MAA bonds make this drug suitable for radiolabelling with different radioisotopes or for dual labelling. This finding illustrates the need to continue investigating MAA chemical and physical characteristics to allow for secure labelling with different isotopes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Nanomaterials in Healthcare)
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Review

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41 pages, 2554 KiB  
Review
Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Plant Extracts as Beneficial Prospect for Cancer Theranostics
by Kaushik Kumar Bharadwaj, Bijuli Rabha, Siddhartha Pati, Tanmay Sarkar, Bhabesh Kumar Choudhury, Arpita Barman, Dorothy Bhattacharjya, Ankit Srivastava, Debabrat Baishya, Hisham Atan Edinur, Zulhisyam Abdul Kari and Noor Haslina Mohd Noor
Molecules 2021, 26(21), 6389; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26216389 - 22 Oct 2021
Cited by 115 | Viewed by 13175
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely explored and are well-known for their medical applications. Chemical and physical synthesis methods are a way to make AuNPs. In any case, the hunt for other more ecologically friendly and cost-effective large-scale technologies, such as environmentally friendly [...] Read more.
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely explored and are well-known for their medical applications. Chemical and physical synthesis methods are a way to make AuNPs. In any case, the hunt for other more ecologically friendly and cost-effective large-scale technologies, such as environmentally friendly biological processes known as green synthesis, has been gaining interest by worldwide researchers. The international focus on green nanotechnology research has resulted in various nanomaterials being used in environmentally and physiologically acceptable applications. Several advantages over conventional physical and chemical synthesis (simple, one-step approach to synthesize, cost-effectiveness, energy efficiency, and biocompatibility) have drawn scientists’ attention to exploring the green synthesis of AuNPs by exploiting plants’ secondary metabolites. Biogenic approaches, mainly the plant-based synthesis of metal nanoparticles, have been chosen as the ideal strategy due to their environmental and in vivo safety, as well as their ease of synthesis. In this review, we reviewed the use of green synthesized AuNPs in the treatment of cancer by utilizing phytochemicals found in plant extracts. This article reviews plant-based methods for producing AuNPs, characterization methods of synthesized AuNPs, and discusses their physiochemical properties. This study also discusses recent breakthroughs and achievements in using green synthesized AuNPs in cancer treatment and different mechanisms of action, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation, leading to apoptosis, etc., for their anticancer and cytotoxic effects. Understanding the mechanisms underlying AuNPs therapeutic efficacy will aid in developing personalized medicines and treatments for cancer as a potential cancer therapeutic strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress of Nanomaterials in Healthcare)
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