Transfusion-Transmitted Infections

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 February 2025 | Viewed by 2443

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Hospital Sírio-Libanês Blood Bank, Sao Paulo 01308-050, Brazil
Interests: transfusion medicine; infectious disease; blood safety; immunohematology

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Guest Editor
Creative Testing Solutions, Arizona, AZ 85012, USA
Interests: transfusion-transmitted infections

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Significant progress in transfusion medicine over the past 40 years has led to the enhancement of blood safety. Numerous mitigation strategies have been implemented over time to reduce the risks associated with transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). These strategies range from addressing the risk of hepatitis B virus TTI and other known blood-borne agents to responding to the emergence of human immunodeficiency virus and other vector-borne pathogens with global impacts. Additionally, they encompass recognizing the risk linked to bacterial contamination of blood components.

New strategies for recruiting blood donors, donor selection, blood screening using serology- and molecular-based assays, platelet bacterial culture-based screening, and pathogen reduction technologies have been progressively introduced to minimize the risk of TTIs to less than one in a million units for most agents in various countries. However, maintaining blood safety remains an ongoing challenge, particularly in resource-limited environments. This challenge is amplified by emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), human travel, and vector expansion, further compounded by climate change’s effects.

This project aims to develop a Pathogens issue that comprehensively covers the primary challenges and mitigation strategies for reducing the global risk of TTIs. Submissions should adhere to the following criteria: (a) authorship should involve senior authors alongside their mentees or new investigators; (b) publications should focus on the risk of TTIs associated with key pathogens in specific geographic areas, evaluating risks on both local and global levels; and (c) papers should present a historical perspective on the challenges regarding blood safety tied to a specific pathogen, along with the mitigation strategies employed to uphold or improve blood safety.

This Special Issue will concentrate on elucidating the biology of the agent (classification, structure, and transmission cycle), global or regional disease burdens (depicted through endemic area maps), epidemiological considerations (modes of transmission in the human population, transmission risk rates through transfusion, residual risk—if known— and post-implementation of mitigation strategies). Several sections are envisioned, addressing risks related to bacteria, retroviruses, arboviruses, hepatitis viruses, herpes viruses transmission or reactivation (especially for immunosuppressed patients), parasites, entomology, and vector distribution for risk modelling in the context of climate change, screening tests, pathogen reduction technologies, the contribution of blood donors and blood bank resources to public health surveillance, and finally, lessons learned from the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 for EID preparedness efforts.

This Special Issue will interest experts in transfusion medicine, who are presented with the opportunity to share up-to-date information through mentoring junior faculty while raising awareness about the challenges impacting blood safety among individuals who are not experts in the field of transfusion medicine.

Dr. Silvano Wendel
Dr. Marion Lanteri
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • transfusion-transmitted pathogens/infections/viruses/parasites/bacteria
  • blood-borne pathogens
  • blood safety
  • blood screening
  • pathogen inactivation/reduction in blood components
  • blood/plasma donor selection/deferrals

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 664 KiB  
Article
Prevalence of Non-Viral Bloodborne Pathogens Among Healthy Blood Donors in Western Mexico: Problems and Failures of Public Health Policy
by José de Jesús Guerrero-García, Alejandra Flores-González, Alma Marina Sánchez-Sánchez, Rafael Magaña-Duarte, Mario Alberto Mireles-Ramírez, Pablo Cesar Ortiz-Lazareno, Erick Sierra Díaz and Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún
Pathogens 2024, 13(12), 1027; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13121027 - 21 Nov 2024
Viewed by 818
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Non-viral bloodborne diseases are a group of infections that are a public health problem worldwide. The incidence of diseases such as brucellosis and syphilis is increasing in the Americas and Europe. Chagas disease is an endemic problem in Latin America, [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Non-viral bloodborne diseases are a group of infections that are a public health problem worldwide. The incidence of diseases such as brucellosis and syphilis is increasing in the Americas and Europe. Chagas disease is an endemic problem in Latin America, the United States and Europe. This study aims to determine the prevalence of non-viral bloodborne diseases in blood donors and to discuss some issues related to federal regulations for the control and prevention of these infectious diseases in Mexico. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Western National Medical Center Blood Bank, including 228,328 blood donors (2018–2023). Frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviation and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for demographic data. Prevalences were expressed as rates per 100,000 with 95% CI. Results: Of 3949 seroreactive or undetermined blood donors at the first screening, a total of 682 (0.299%) completed their follow-up test and were positive for Treponema pallidum (478), Trypanosoma cruzi (83), or Brucella spp. (121). The overall prevalence for non-viral bloodborne diseases was 299 per 100,000 blood donors. The prevalence for syphilis, Chagas disease, and Brucella was 209, 36, and 53 per 100,000 respectively. Conclusion: Federal regulations should be reviewed to formulate specific public health policies focused on controlling and preventing nonviral bloodborne diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transfusion-Transmitted Infections)
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12 pages, 2627 KiB  
Article
HEV in Blood Donors in Switzerland: The Route to Safe Blood Products
by Mauro Serricchio, Peter Gowland, Nadja Widmer, Martin Stolz and Christoph Niederhauser
Pathogens 2024, 13(10), 911; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13100911 - 18 Oct 2024
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Abstract
The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging infectious disease with zoonotic potential, causing acute hepatitis in humans. Infections in healthy individuals are often acute, self-limiting and asymptomatic, thus leading to the underdiagnosis of HEV infections. Asymptomatic HEV infections pose a problem for [...] Read more.
The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging infectious disease with zoonotic potential, causing acute hepatitis in humans. Infections in healthy individuals are often acute, self-limiting and asymptomatic, thus leading to the underdiagnosis of HEV infections. Asymptomatic HEV infections pose a problem for blood transfusion safety by increasing the risk for transfusion-transmitted HEV infections. Here, we describe the journey from determining the HEV seroprevalence among blood donors to the implementation of routine HEV RNA testing of all blood products in Switzerland in 2018 and summarise the HEV cases detected since. In total, 290 HEV-positive blood donations were detected by mini-pool nucleic acid testing (NAT) in Switzerland in the period of October 2018–December 2023, equal to an incidence of 20.7 per 100,000 donations. Thanks to the implemented scheme, no transfusion-transmitted infections occurred in this period. Furthermore, blood donation monitoring has proven to be an effective means of detecting HEV outbreaks in the general population. HEV cases in Swiss blood donors are caused by two major genotypes, the Swiss-endemic subtypes 3h3 and 3c. Interestingly, 11 HEV cases (5%) were of genotype 3ra, a variant found in wild and farmed rabbits. Our results indicate that mini-pool NAT is an efficient method to reduce the risk of transfusion-transmitted HEV infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Transfusion-Transmitted Infections)
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