Pathogens

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17 pages, 6838 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends and Prospective Directions of Lung Microbiome

by Chunjing Du, Yi Zhang, Hanwen Zhang, Hua Zhang, Jingyuan Liu and Ning Shen

Pathogens 2024, 13(11), 996; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13110996 - 14 Nov 2024

Viewed by 491

Abstract

The lung microbiome has emerged as a pivotal area of research in human health. Despite the increasing number of publications, there is a lack of research that comprehensively and objectively presents the current status of lung microbiome-related studies. Thus, this study aims to [...] Read more.

The lung microbiome has emerged as a pivotal area of research in human health. Despite the increasing number of publications, there is a lack of research that comprehensively and objectively presents the current status of lung microbiome-related studies. Thus, this study aims to address this gap by examining over two decades of publications through bibliometric analysis. The original bibliographic data of this study were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection, focusing on publications from 2003 to 2023. The analysis included the data extraction and examination of authors, affiliations, countries, institutions, abstracts, keywords, references, publication dates, journals, citations, H-indexes, and journal impact factors. A total of 845 publications were identified, showing an increasing trend in both publications and citations over the years, particularly in the last decade. The analysis highlighted the most productive authors, institutions, and countries/regions, and identified potential partners for interested researchers. Co-citation analysis revealed that lung microbiome- and infectious/pulmonary disease-related studies are at the forefront of the field. The hotspots and frontiers of the lung microbiome field have progressed from basic composition to exploring specific mechanisms and the clinical value of diseases. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the current research status and trends in the field of the lung microbiome over the past two decades and highlights the areas that need more attention and research efforts. It offers valuable insights for researchers and institutions and identifies key hotspots and frontiers, which can serve as references for related researchers and future research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reviews of Infectious Diseases)

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Review

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13 pages, 775 KiB

Open AccessReview

Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Respiratory Diseases and Their Economic Impacts

by Ananya Sivaraman Jayaraman, Ishita Darekar, Nidhi Vijayprakash Dadhich, Lakshmi Sai Manasvi Tadepalli, Yao Gongwang, Sunil Singh and Edem Gavor

Pathogens 2024, 13(6), 491; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13060491 - 8 Jun 2024

Viewed by 1082

Abstract

COVID-19 is an airborne respiratory disease that mainly affects the lungs. To date, COVID-19 has infected 580 million people with a mortality of approximately 7 million people worldwide. The emergence of COVID-19 has also affected the infectivity, diagnosis, and disease outcomes of existing [...] Read more.

COVID-19 is an airborne respiratory disease that mainly affects the lungs. To date, COVID-19 has infected 580 million people with a mortality of approximately 7 million people worldwide. The emergence of COVID-19 has also affected the infectivity, diagnosis, and disease outcomes of existing diseases such as influenza, TB, and asthma in human populations. These are airborne respiratory diseases with symptoms and mode of transmission similar to those of COVID-19. It was speculated that the protracted nature of the COVID-19 pandemic coupled with vaccination could impact other respiratory diseases and mortality. In this study, we analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on flu, tuberculosis (TB), and asthma. Our analyses suggest that COVID-19 has a potential impact on the mortality of flu, TB, and asthma. These impacts vary across before the COVID-19 era, during the peak period of the pandemic, and after vaccinations/preventive measures were implemented, as well as across different regions of the world. Overall, the spread of flu generally reduced during the pandemic, resulting in a reduced expenditure on flu-related hospitalizations, although there were sporadic spikes at setting times. In contrast, TB deaths generally increased perhaps due to the disruption in access to TB services and reduction in resources. Asthma deaths, on the other hand, only marginally varied. Collectively, the emergence of COVID-19 added extra cost to the overall expenditure on some respiratory infectious diseases, while the cost for other infectious diseases was either reduced or somewhat unaffected. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reviews of Infectious Diseases)

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25 pages, 2696 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of the Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB) Pathway in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

by Periyanaina Kesika, Subramanian Thangaleela, Natarajan Sisubalan, Arumugam Radha, Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi and Chaiyavat Chaiyasut

Pathogens 2024, 13(2), 164; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13020164 - 12 Feb 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2676

Abstract

COVID-19 is a global health threat caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is associated with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. The present review discusses nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation and its potential therapeutical role in treating COVID-19. [...] Read more.

COVID-19 is a global health threat caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is associated with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. The present review discusses nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation and its potential therapeutical role in treating COVID-19. COVID-19 pathogenesis, the major NF-κB pathways, and the involvement of NF-κB in SARS-CoV-2 have been detailed. Specifically, NF-κB activation and its impact on managing COVID-19 has been discussed. As a central player in the immune and inflammatory responses, modulating NF-κB activation could offer a strategic avenue for managing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Understanding the NF-κB pathway’s role could aid in developing treatments against SARS-CoV-2. Further investigations into the intricacies of NF-κB activation are required to reveal effective therapeutic strategies for managing and combating the SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reviews of Infectious Diseases)

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11 pages, 497 KiB

Open AccessReview

Monitoring Monkeypox: Safeguarding Global Health through Rapid Response and Global Surveillance

by Marta Giovanetti, Eleonora Cella, Sonia Moretti, Fabio Scarpa, Alessandra Ciccozzi, Svetoslav Nanev Slavov, Francesca Benedetti, Davide Zella, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Massimo Ciccozzi and Alessandra Borsetti

Pathogens 2023, 12(9), 1153; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12091153 - 11 Sep 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1895

Abstract

Monkeypox, a viral zoonotic disease, has emerged as a significant global threat in recent years. This review focuses on the importance of global monitoring and rapid response to monkeypox outbreaks. The unpredictable nature of monkeypox transmissions, its potential for human-to-human spread, and its [...] Read more.

Monkeypox, a viral zoonotic disease, has emerged as a significant global threat in recent years. This review focuses on the importance of global monitoring and rapid response to monkeypox outbreaks. The unpredictable nature of monkeypox transmissions, its potential for human-to-human spread, and its high morbidity rate underscore the necessity for proactive surveillance systems. By analyzing the existing literature, including recent outbreaks, this review highlights the critical role of global surveillance in detecting, containing, and preventing the further spread of monkeypox. It also emphasizes the need for enhanced international collaboration, data sharing, and real-time information exchange to effectively respond to monkeypox outbreaks as a global health concern. Furthermore, this review discusses the challenges and opportunities of implementing robust surveillance strategies, including the use of advanced diagnostic tools and technologies. Ultimately, these findings underscore the urgency of establishing a comprehensive global monitoring framework for monkeypox, enabling early detection, prompt response, and effective control measures to protect public health worldwide. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reviews of Infectious Diseases)

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14 pages, 675 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Joining Forces against Antibiotic Resistance: The One Health Solution

by Eleonora Cella, Marta Giovanetti, Francesca Benedetti, Fabio Scarpa, Catherine Johnston, Alessandra Borsetti, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Taj Azarian, Davide Zella and Massimo Ciccozzi

Pathogens 2023, 12(9), 1074; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12091074 - 23 Aug 2023

Cited by 31 | Viewed by 5642

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is a significant global health concern that affects both human and animal populations. The One Health approach acknowledges the interconnectedness of human health, animal health, and the environment. It emphasizes the importance of collaboration and coordination across these sectors to tackle [...] Read more.

Antibiotic resistance is a significant global health concern that affects both human and animal populations. The One Health approach acknowledges the interconnectedness of human health, animal health, and the environment. It emphasizes the importance of collaboration and coordination across these sectors to tackle complex health challenges such as antibiotic resistance. In the context of One Health, antibiotic resistance refers to the ability of bacteria to withstand the efficacy of antibiotics, rendering them less effective or completely ineffective in treating infections. The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a threat to human and animal health, as well as to the effectiveness of medical treatments and veterinary interventions. In particular, One Health recognizes that antibiotic use in human medicine, animal agriculture, and the environment are interconnected factors contributing to the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. For example, the misuse and overuse of antibiotics in human healthcare, including inappropriate prescribing and patient non-compliance, can contribute to the selection and spread of resistant bacteria. Similarly, the use of antibiotics in livestock production for growth promotion and disease prevention can contribute to the development of antibiotic resistance in animals and subsequent transmission to humans through the food chain. Addressing antibiotic resistance requires a collaborative One Health approach that involves multiple participants, including healthcare professionals, veterinarians, researchers, and policymakers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reviews of Infectious Diseases)

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13 pages, 2247 KiB

Open AccessReview

Exposure to Biological Fluids in Dental Practice—Narrative Review on Appropriate Risk Assessment to Guide Post-Exposure Management

by Mihai Săndulescu, Mihnea Ioan Nicolescu, Cristian Funieru, Gülşen Özkaya Şahin and Oana Săndulescu

Pathogens 2023, 12(7), 968; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12070968 - 24 Jul 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2022

Abstract

Accidental exposure to blood or other biological fluids is a common occurrence in dentistry, and its post-exposure management is a key component of infection prevention and control programs designed to prevent the transmission of blood-borne pathogens such as hepatitis B and C viruses [...] Read more.

Accidental exposure to blood or other biological fluids is a common occurrence in dentistry, and its post-exposure management is a key component of infection prevention and control programs designed to prevent the transmission of blood-borne pathogens such as hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV, HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This narrative review aims to comprehensively review the risk assessment process for each of these pathogens at all steps of the epidemiological process, i.e., source–exposure route–receptive person, in order to provide a better understanding of the delicate differences that influence the transmission risk and that drive the individualized post-exposure management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reviews of Infectious Diseases)

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20 pages, 739 KiB

Open AccessReview

Bioactive Antimicrobial Peptides from Food Proteins: Perspectives and Challenges for Controlling Foodborne Pathogens

by Jessica Audrey Feijó Corrêa, Tiago de Melo Nazareth, Giovanna Fernandes da Rocha and Fernando Bittencourt Luciano

Pathogens 2023, 12(3), 477; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12030477 - 17 Mar 2023

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3105

Abstract

Bioactive peptides (BAPs) derived from food proteins have been extensively studied for their health benefits, majorly exploring their potential use as nutraceuticals and functional food components. These peptides possess a range of beneficial properties, including antihypertensive, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antibacterial activities, and are [...] Read more.

Bioactive peptides (BAPs) derived from food proteins have been extensively studied for their health benefits, majorly exploring their potential use as nutraceuticals and functional food components. These peptides possess a range of beneficial properties, including antihypertensive, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antibacterial activities, and are naturally present within dietary protein sequences. To release food-grade antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), enzymatic protein hydrolysis or microbial fermentation, such as with lactic acid bacteria (LAB), can be employed. The activity of AMPs is influenced by various structural characteristics, including the amino acid composition, three-dimensional conformation, liquid charge, putative domains, and resulting hydrophobicity. This review discusses the synthesis of BAPs and AMPs, their potential for controlling foodborne pathogens, their mechanisms of action, and the challenges and prospects faced by the food industry. BAPs can regulate gut microbiota by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria or by directly inhibiting pathogenic microorganisms. LAB-promoted hydrolysis of dietary proteins occurs naturally in both the matrix and the gastrointestinal tract. However, several obstacles must be overcome before BAPs can replace antimicrobials in food production. These include the high manufacturing costs of current technologies, limited in vivo and matrix data, and the difficulties associated with standardization and commercial-scale production. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reviews of Infectious Diseases)

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Other

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14 pages, 1356 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Participation of Single-Nucleotide Variants in IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 in the Immune Response against SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review

by María Fernanda López-Bielma, Ramcés Falfán-Valencia, Edgar Abarca-Rojano and Gloria Pérez-Rubio

Pathogens 2023, 12(11), 1320; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12111320 - 6 Nov 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2408

Abstract

Host genetic factors significantly influence susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Among these genetic factors are single-nucleotide variants (SNVs). IFNAR2 and IFNAR1 genes have been associated with severe COVID-19 in populations from the United Kingdom, Africa, and Latin America. IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 [...] Read more.

Host genetic factors significantly influence susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Among these genetic factors are single-nucleotide variants (SNVs). IFNAR2 and IFNAR1 genes have been associated with severe COVID-19 in populations from the United Kingdom, Africa, and Latin America. IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 are subunits forming the type I interferon receptor (IFNAR). SNVs in the IFNAR genes impact protein function, affecting antiviral response and disease phenotypes. This systematic review aimed to describe IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 variants associated with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. Accordingly, the current review focused on IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 studies published between January 2021 and February 2023, utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol. The electronic search was conducted in PubMed databases using Boolean operators and inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of the 170 literature pieces, 11 studies were included. We include case reports of rare SNVs, defined by minor allele frequency (MAF) < 1%, and genome-wide associated studies (GWAS). Variants in IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 could potentially be new targets for therapies that limit the infection and the resulting inflammation by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reviews of Infectious Diseases)

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