Harnessing Host-Pathogen-Microbiota Interactions for Sustainable Disease Management

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2021) | Viewed by 7551

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Fondazione Edmund Mach, Italy
Interests: microbial ecology; host–pathogen systems; vector-borne diseases; microbiome-based diseases control

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Guest Editor
Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, TN, Italy
Interests: community ecology; host–pathogen systems; vector-borne zoonotic diseases; rodent-borne zoonotic diseases; eco-epidemiology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pathogens transmitted by arthropods represent a global problem because they can affect plants, animals and humans, causing substantial economic losses and health concerns. Recent studies highlighted the importance of the interplay between the host and its microbial community (namely, the holobiont) in the context of the susceptibility and transmission of pathogens; however, these interactions are still poorly understood. Although the vast majority of this complex community is mutualistic or commensal, some of the indigenous microbes can confer resistance to or promote infection by pathogens and are commonly referred to as pathobionts.

Understanding microbiome stability and resilience to perturbating factors, how the host discriminates pathogens from beneficial microbes, and how the pathogen in turn impacts its host and microbial community dynamics are essential concepts to help define novel microbiome-based opportunities to reduce vector capacity and the ability to transmit infectious disease.

The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight recent advances that provide insights into the interplay between arthropod vectors, microbiota, and pathogens (bacteria, fungi, and viruses), which bear great potential to pave the way for innovative sustainable disease management strategies. This includes, but is not limited to, studies related to vector-borne diseases of agricultural crops, humans, and animals.

Research articles incorporating a new approach or providing novel information as well as review articles, short notes, and communications related to this topic are welcome.

We look forward to your contribution.

Dr. Tobias Weil
Dr. Valentina Tagliapietra
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • host–pathogen–microbiota interactions
  • sustainable pest management
  • eco-epidemiology
  • infectious diseases
  • disease control
  • next-generation sequencing
  • transcriptome
  • metabolomics
  • holobiont
  • pathobiome

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 3114 KiB  
Article
Bacteriophage-Host Association in the Phytoplasma Insect Vector Euscelidius variegatus
by Marta Vallino, Marika Rossi, Sara Ottati, Gabriele Martino, Luciana Galetto, Cristina Marzachì and Simona Abbà
Pathogens 2021, 10(5), 612; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10050612 - 17 May 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3784
Abstract
Insect vectors transmit viruses and bacteria that can cause severe diseases in plants and economic losses due to a decrease in crop production. Insect vectors, like all other organisms, are colonized by a community of various microorganisms, which can influence their physiology, ecology, [...] Read more.
Insect vectors transmit viruses and bacteria that can cause severe diseases in plants and economic losses due to a decrease in crop production. Insect vectors, like all other organisms, are colonized by a community of various microorganisms, which can influence their physiology, ecology, evolution, and also their competence as vectors. The important ecological meaning of bacteriophages in various ecosystems and their role in microbial communities has emerged in the past decade. However, only a few phages have been described so far in insect microbiomes. The leafhopper Euscelidius variegatus is a laboratory vector of the phytoplasma causing Flavescence dorée, a severe grapevine disease that threatens viticulture in Europe. Here, the presence of a temperate bacteriophage in E. variegatus (named Euscelidius variegatus phage 1, EVP-1) was revealed through both insect transcriptome analyses and electron microscopic observations. The bacterial host was isolated in axenic culture and identified as the bacterial endosymbiont of E. variegatus (BEV), recently assigned to the genus Candidatus Symbiopectobacterium. BEV harbors multiple prophages that become active in culture, suggesting that different environments can trigger different mechanisms, finely regulating the interactions among phages. Understanding the complex relationships within insect vector microbiomes may help in revealing possible microbe influences on pathogen transmission, and it is a crucial step toward innovative sustainable strategies for disease management in agriculture. Full article
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16 pages, 1030 KiB  
Article
Nanopore-Sequencing Characterization of the Gut Microbiota of Melolontha melolontha Larvae: Contribution to Protection against Entomopathogenic Nematodes?
by Ewa Sajnaga, Marcin Skowronek, Agnieszka Kalwasińska, Waldemar Kazimierczak, Karolina Ferenc, Magdalena Lis and Adrian Wiater
Pathogens 2021, 10(4), 396; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10040396 - 25 Mar 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2999
Abstract
This study focused on the potential relationships between midgut microbiota of the common cockchafer Melolontha melolontha larvae and their resistance to entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) infection. We investigated the bacterial community associated with control and unsusceptible EPN-exposed insects through nanopore sequencing of the 16S [...] Read more.
This study focused on the potential relationships between midgut microbiota of the common cockchafer Melolontha melolontha larvae and their resistance to entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) infection. We investigated the bacterial community associated with control and unsusceptible EPN-exposed insects through nanopore sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant bacterial phyla within the complex and variable midgut microbiota of the wild M. melolontha larvae. The core microbiota was found to include 82 genera, which accounted for 3.4% of the total number of identified genera. The EPN-resistant larvae differed significantly from the control ones in the abundance of many genera belonging to the Actinomycetales, Rhizobiales, and Clostridiales orders. Additionally, the analysis of the microbiome networks revealed different sets of keystone midgut bacterial genera between these two groups of insects, indicating differences in the mutual interactions between bacteria. Finally, we detected Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus as gut residents and various bacterial species exhibiting antagonistic activity against these entomopathogens. This study paves the way to further research aimed at unravelling the role of the host gut microbiota on the output of EPN infection, which may contribute to enhancement of the efficiency of nematodes used in eco-friendly pest management. Full article
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