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Topical Advisory Panel Members’ Collection Series: Diagnostics, Surveillance and Management...
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Topical Advisory Panel Members’ Collection Series: Diagnostics, Surveillance and Management of Infectious Diseases

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2023) | Viewed by 13109

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ana Cláudia Coelho

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Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary and Animal Science Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
Interests: biosafety; infectious diseases; microbiology; one health; zoonosis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Georgios Nikolopoulos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Medical School, University of Cyprus, 2029 Aglantzia, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus
Interests: infectious diseases; prevention; public health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce this Special Issue titled “Topical Advisory Panel Members’ Collection Series: Diagnostics, Surveillance and Management of Infectious Diseases”, which will collect papers invited by the Topical Advisory Panel Members.

The aim of this Issue is to provide a venue for networking and communication between the journal Pathogens and scholars in the field of viral pathogens’ epidemiology, diagnostics, and management. All papers will be published open access following peer review.

Prof. Dr. Ana Cláudia Coelho
Dr. Georgios Nikolopoulos
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • epidemiology
  • diagnostics
  • surveillance
  • infectious disease

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 5234 KiB  
Communication
Morphologic and Genetic Analysis of Synhimantus (Synhimantus) laticeps from a Long-Eared Owl (Asio otus)
by Carolina Lopes, Sérgio Santos-Silva, Carolina Nunes, Susana Mendes, Catarina Costa, Erica Brazio, Teresa Coutinho, Filipa Teixeira Rodrigues, João R. Mesquita, Ana Cláudia Coelho, Luís Cardoso and Ana Patrícia Lopes
Pathogens 2023, 12(5), 717; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12050717 - 15 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2073
Abstract
The long-eared owl (Asio otus) is a medium-sized owl species that is well-distributed in almost all of the territories in Portugal. Nematodes were found in the oral cavity of a long-eared owl (A. otus) admitted to CRASSA (Wildlife Rehabilitation [...] Read more.
The long-eared owl (Asio otus) is a medium-sized owl species that is well-distributed in almost all of the territories in Portugal. Nematodes were found in the oral cavity of a long-eared owl (A. otus) admitted to CRASSA (Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre of Santo André). During a physical exam and stabilization of the bird, five nematodes were collected. The worms were examined and measured under light microscopy, and photos were taken. After a morphological analysis was conducted, all the nematodes (five females) were identified as Synhimantus (Synhimantus) laticeps. Two specimens were subjected to molecular analysis, which confirmed the result. This study provides a combined morphological and genetic approach to S. laticeps. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first report including genetic sequencing of S. laticeps in a long-eared owl (A. otus) from Portugal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Topical Advisory Panel Members’ Collection Series: Diagnostics, Surveillance and Management of Infectious Diseases)
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13 pages, 1781 KiB  
Article
Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Theileria annulata Infection in Two Bovine Portuguese Autochthonous Breeds
by Diana Valente, Ana Paula Dutra, Nuno Carolino, Jacinto Gomes, Ana Cláudia Coelho, Pedro Espadinha, José Pais and Inês Carolino
Pathogens 2023, 12(5), 669; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12050669 - 2 May 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2380
Abstract
Tropical Bovine Theileriosis is an important tick-borne disease. This study aims to assess the occurrence of Theileria annulata infection in two indigenous Portuguese cattle breeds. A total of 843 blood samples collected from animals of Alentejana (n = 420) and Mertolenga (n = [...] Read more.
Tropical Bovine Theileriosis is an important tick-borne disease. This study aims to assess the occurrence of Theileria annulata infection in two indigenous Portuguese cattle breeds. A total of 843 blood samples collected from animals of Alentejana (n = 420) and Mertolenga (n = 423) breeds were analyzed. The detection of Theileria annulata was determined by amplification of a fragment of the merozoite-pyroplasm surface antigen gene with 319 base pairs (bp). The prevalence found (10.8%) is lower than that reported in previous studies (21.3%). A statistically significant difference was found for positivity between breeds (p < 0.05). There is also a higher probability of older animals being positive compared to younger ones (p < 0.05). The region where Mertolenga animals are located is shown to have a significant impact on positivity (p < 0.05). Thus, the development of sustainable T. annulata control strategies and their implementation, adapted to the epidemiological conditions of higher risk, will be extremely important. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Topical Advisory Panel Members’ Collection Series: Diagnostics, Surveillance and Management of Infectious Diseases)
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Review

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20 pages, 2738 KiB  
Review
Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia after Heart Transplantation: Two Case Reports and a Review of the Literature
by Carlo Burzio, Eleonora Balzani, Silvia Corcione, Giorgia Montrucchio, Anna Chiara Trompeo and Luca Brazzi
Pathogens 2023, 12(10), 1265; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12101265 - 21 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2230
Abstract
Post-transplant Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PcP) is an uncommon but increasingly reported disease among solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although the introduction of PcP prophylaxis has reduced its overall incidence, its prevalence continues to be high, especially during [...] Read more.
Post-transplant Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PcP) is an uncommon but increasingly reported disease among solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although the introduction of PcP prophylaxis has reduced its overall incidence, its prevalence continues to be high, especially during the second year after transplant, the period following prophylaxis discontinuation. We recently described two cases of PcP occurring more than one year after heart transplantation (HT) in patients who were no longer receiving PcP prophylaxis according to the local protocol. In both cases, the disease was diagnosed following the diagnosis of a viral illness, resulting in a significantly increased risk for PcP. While current heart transplantation guidelines recommend Pneumocystis jirovecii prophylaxis for up to 6–12 months after transplantation, after that period they only suggest an extended prophylaxis regimen in high-risk patients. Recent studies have identified several new risk factors that may be linked to an increased risk of PcP infection, including medication regimens and patient characteristics. Similarly, the indication for PcP prophylaxis in non-HIV patients has been expanded in relation to the introduction of new medications and therapeutic regimens for immune-mediated diseases. In our experience, the first patient was successfully treated with non-invasive ventilation, while the second required tracheal intubation, invasive ventilation, and extracorporeal CO2 removal due to severe respiratory failure. The aim of this double case report is to review the current timing of PcP prophylaxis after HT, the specific potential risk factors for PcP after HT, and the determinants of a prompt diagnosis and therapeutic approach in critically ill patients. We will also present a possible proposal for future investigations on indications for long-term prophylaxis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Topical Advisory Panel Members’ Collection Series: Diagnostics, Surveillance and Management of Infectious Diseases)
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Other

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8 pages, 746 KiB  
Opinion
Sociopolitical Diagnostic Tools to Understand National and Local Response Capabilities and Vulnerabilities to Epidemics and Guide Research into How to Improve the Global Response to Pathogens
by Samuel R. Friedman, David C. Perlman, Dimitrios Paraskevis and Justin Feldman
Pathogens 2023, 12(8), 1023; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12081023 - 8 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1180
Abstract
The AIDS and COVID-19 pandemics demonstrated that nations at similar economic development levels varied widely in their capacity to protect the health of their residents. For AIDS, Britain and Australia brought gay representatives into official counsels and adopted harm reduction far more rapidly [...] Read more.
The AIDS and COVID-19 pandemics demonstrated that nations at similar economic development levels varied widely in their capacity to protect the health of their residents. For AIDS, Britain and Australia brought gay representatives into official counsels and adopted harm reduction far more rapidly than the United States or Spain, and East African countries responded more effectively than South Africa or the Democratic Republic of the Congo. National responses to COVID-19 varied widely, with New Zealand, China, and Vietnam more effective than Italy, Brazil, or the United States. Further, as phylogenetic research has demonstrated, these pandemics spread from one country to another, with those that responded poorly acting as sources for mutations and potentially sources of transmission to countries with more effective responses. Many observers expressed surprise at the poor responses of the United States to COVID-19, but in retrospect the cutbacks in public health funding at state and national levels made it clear that this was a predictable weakness even in addition to the political vacillations that crippled the US and Brazilian responses. In a time of global sociopolitical and climate instability, it is important to measure and conduct research into spatial and time variations in 1. public health and medical funding, 2. social influence networks, social cohesion and trust, and stigmatization, 3. income inequality, 4. social conflict, and 5. other factors that affect responsiveness to pandemics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Topical Advisory Panel Members’ Collection Series: Diagnostics, Surveillance and Management of Infectious Diseases)
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16 pages, 2742 KiB  
Systematic Review
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Hepatitis E Virus Detection in Farmed Ruminants
by Sérgio Santos-Silva, Pedro López-López, Helena M. R. Gonçalves, António Rivero-Juarez, Wim H. M. Van der Poel, Maria São José Nascimento and João R. Mesquita
Pathogens 2023, 12(4), 550; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12040550 - 2 Apr 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2360
Abstract
Swine are widely recognized as the main reservoir of zoonotic HEV; however, a growing body of data on the HEV prevalence in farmed ruminants of different species also points to a potential route for HEV transmission through ruminants and ruminant products and by-products. [...] Read more.
Swine are widely recognized as the main reservoir of zoonotic HEV; however, a growing body of data on the HEV prevalence in farmed ruminants of different species also points to a potential route for HEV transmission through ruminants and ruminant products and by-products. Definite information on the zoonotic potential of ruminants is still absent or unclear, compelling the necessity for increasing knowledge on this. The aim of the current study was to analyze the state-of-the-art in this research topic and provide a summary of HEV detection and characterization in farmed ruminants. A total of 1567 papers were retrieved from four search databases that resulted in 35 eligible papers after application of exclusion/inclusion criteria. Studies on HEV in farmed ruminants were mainly based on the detection of HEV RNA and were reported in Africa (n = 1), America (n = 3), Asia (n = 18) and Europe (n = 13), and focused on a variety of ruminants species, namely cow, goat, sheep, deer, buffalo and yak. The overall pooled prevalence of HEV was 0.02% (0.01–0.03, 95% CI). The subgroup pooled prevalence of HEV RNA was 0.01% (0.00–0.02, 95% CI) in cow milk, stool, serum, liver, intestinal, bile, blood, spleen and rectal swab samples; 0.09% (0.02–0.18, 95% CI) in goat serum, bile, stool, milk, liver, rectal swab and blood samples; 0.01% (0.00–0.04, 95% CI) in sheep stool, serum, milk, blood and liver samples. Most of the HEV genotypes found in farmed ruminants belonged to the zoonotic HEV-3 (subtypes 3a, 3c) and HEV-4 (subtype 4d, 4h), with Rocahepevirus also found. The wide HEV circulation observed in different farmed ruminants raises concerns for the possibility of HEV transmission through products from infected ruminants and alerts for the potential zoonotic route for HEV in ruminant products, such as meat and dairy products. Also, contact exposure to infected farmed animals could be a risk factor. Further research should be conducted in order to understand the circulation of HEV in these animals and its zoonotic potential, as there is currently a lack of data on this topic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Topical Advisory Panel Members’ Collection Series: Diagnostics, Surveillance and Management of Infectious Diseases)
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28 pages, 1626 KiB  
Tutorial
Methods for Assessing Spillover in Network-Based Studies of HIV/AIDS Prevention among People Who Use Drugs
by Ashley L. Buchanan, Natallia Katenka, Youjin Lee, Jing Wu, Katerina Pantavou, Samuel R. Friedman, M. Elizabeth Halloran, Brandon D. L. Marshall, Laura Forastiere and Georgios K. Nikolopoulos
Pathogens 2023, 12(2), 326; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12020326 - 15 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2181
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) interventions among people who use drugs (PWUD) often have spillover, also known as interference or dissemination, which occurs when one participant’s exposure affects another participant’s outcome. PWUD are often members of networks defined by social, sexual, and drug-use partnerships [...] Read more.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) interventions among people who use drugs (PWUD) often have spillover, also known as interference or dissemination, which occurs when one participant’s exposure affects another participant’s outcome. PWUD are often members of networks defined by social, sexual, and drug-use partnerships and their receipt of interventions can affect other members in their network. For example, HIV interventions with possible spillover include educational training about HIV risk reduction, pre-exposure prophylaxis, or treatment as prevention. In turn, intervention effects frequently depend on the network structure, and intervention coverage levels and spillover can occur even if not measured in a study, possibly resulting in an underestimation of intervention effects. Recent methodological approaches were developed to assess spillover in the context of network-based studies. This tutorial provides an overview of different study designs for network-based studies and related methodological approaches for assessing spillover in each design. We also provide an overview of other important methodological issues in network studies, including causal influence in networks and missing data. Finally, we highlight applications of different designs and methods from studies of PWUD and conclude with an illustrative example from the Transmission Reduction Intervention Project (TRIP) in Athens, Greece. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Topical Advisory Panel Members’ Collection Series: Diagnostics, Surveillance and Management of Infectious Diseases)
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