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Pathogens
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Antibiotics, Antibiotic Alternatives, and Combination Antimicrobial Therapy (Volume 2)
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Antibiotics, Antibiotic Alternatives, and Combination Antimicrobial Therapy (Volume 2)

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 7070

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Seung-Chun Park

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
Interests: combinational antibacterial therapy; antibacterial resistance; pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antibacterial agents
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Chae Hong Rhee

E-Mail
Guest Editor
1. Veterinary Drugs & Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
2. Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
Interests: disinfectants; veterinary hygiene; animal food safety

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antibiotics play a significant role in treating and preventing infections caused by microbial agents if used precisely. However, due to the fast development of drug resistance, treatment becomes ineffective and risks the livelihood of humans and animals. To worsen the situation, the invention and production of new antibiotics are at an alarmingly low rate.

Some of the factors which contribute to the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance include the presence of resistant microbial strains in the environment, antimicrobial usage and other related aspects in the community, and antimicrobial use in food-producing animals [1].

Hence, intervention mechanisms should be designed to combat antibacterial resistance globally. Alternatives to the currently available drugs or other means of interventions, including drug combinations [2], are required to limit drug resistance in microbial agents. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic integration studies could play a significant role in increasing the efficacy and potency of currently available drugs.

Hence, the focus of this Special Issue (Volume II), titled “Antibiotics, Antibiotic Alternatives, and Combination Antimicrobial Therapy (Volume 2)”, in the journal Pathogens, is to promote studies that focus on the intervention mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, provide antibacterial alternatives and antibacterial enhancers to the currently available antimicrobials, study the integration of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, including the efficacy and dosage formulation of the currently available antibiotics, and combination therapies, which are effective against drug-resistant pathogens. The Special Issues (Volume 2) will also cover antiseptics and disinfectants that kill viruses, bacteria, fungi, and ectoparasites [3].

  1. Prestinaci, F.; Pezzotti, P.; Pantosti, A. Antimicrobial resistance: A global multifaceted phenomenon. Pathog. Glob. Health 2015, 109, 309–318, doi: 10.1179/2047773215Y.0000000030.

  2. Birhanu, B.T.; Lee, E.-B.; Park, S.-C. Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic integration of marbofloxacin in combination with methyl gallate against Salmonella Typhimurium in rats. PLoS ONE, 2020, 15, e0234211, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234211.

  3. Rhee, C.H.; Park, S.-C.; Her, M.; Jeong, W. Surrogate Selection for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Disinfectant Efficacy Tests by Simultaneous Comparison of Bacteriophage MS2 and Bovine Enterovirus Type 1. Viruses, 2022, 14, 2590, doi: 10.3390/v14122590.

Prof. Dr. Seung-Chun Park
Dr. Chae Hong Rhee
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • combinational antibacterial therapy
  • antibacterial enhancers
  • pharmacokinetics of antibacterial agents
  • antiseptics
  • disinfectants

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 593 KiB  
Article
Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Egg Residues of Amoxicillin, Single and in Combination with Bromhexine, in Laying Hens
by Jeong-Won Kim, Ji-Soo Jeong, Jin-Hwa Kim, Chang-Yeop Kim, Eun-Hye Chung, So-Young Boo, Soo-Ha Lee, Je-Won Ko and Tae-Won Kim
Pathogens 2024, 13(11), 982; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13110982 - 8 Nov 2024
Viewed by 447
Abstract
The need for antibiotics in commercial laying hens is increasing owing to intensive farming systems. Amoxicillin trihydrate (AMX), an aminopenicillin β-lactam antibiotic, exerts broad bactericidal activity. However, its short half-life necessitates frequent administration to ensure efficacy, thus limiting its use. Herein, we investigated [...] Read more.
The need for antibiotics in commercial laying hens is increasing owing to intensive farming systems. Amoxicillin trihydrate (AMX), an aminopenicillin β-lactam antibiotic, exerts broad bactericidal activity. However, its short half-life necessitates frequent administration to ensure efficacy, thus limiting its use. Herein, we investigated the effect of concurrent administration of bromhexine hydrochloride (BRM), a mucolytic agent, on AMX pharmacokinetics, performing a comparative pharmacokinetic analysis of AMX administration alone and in combination with BRM. AMX (50 mg/kg) was administered by oral gavage once daily for three days alone or in combination with 10 mg/kg BRM. Plasma and egg samples were collected to evaluate pharmacokinetic profiles and egg residues. The area under the curve and maximum plasma concentration values were significantly higher in the AMX + BRM group than the AMX only group. However, there were no significant differences in AMX half-life in the elimination phase (T1/2), elimination rate constant (kel), or apparent clearance (CL/F) values. In the egg residue study, the withdrawal period for AMX was 5 days in both groups, with no significant difference when using the maximum residue limit (MRL) of 10 μg/kg. The concentration of BRM in the eggs remained at 100 μg/kg up to the fourth day following drug administration. Conclusion: These results confirmed that BRM co-administration increased systemic exposure to AMX, with a negligible residual impact of amoxicillin in eggs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotics, Antibiotic Alternatives, and Combination Antimicrobial Therapy (Volume 2))
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13 pages, 1546 KiB  
Article
Trans-Cinnamaldehyde Primes More Robust Channel Catfish Immune Responses to Edwardsiella ictaluri Infection
by Reshma Ramachandran, Emerald Ford, Basant Gomaa and Hossam Abdelhamed
Pathogens 2024, 13(4), 310; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13040310 - 11 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1159
Abstract
Infection with Edwardsiella ictaluri, a causative agent of enteric septicemia of catfish, threatens profitable catfish production through inventory losses. We previously demonstrated that trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) enhances the survival of catfish following E. ictaluri infection. The present study was conducted to investigate catfish immune [...] Read more.
Infection with Edwardsiella ictaluri, a causative agent of enteric septicemia of catfish, threatens profitable catfish production through inventory losses. We previously demonstrated that trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC) enhances the survival of catfish following E. ictaluri infection. The present study was conducted to investigate catfish immune responses to TC feeding and E. ictaluri infection. The expression of 13 proinflammatory, innate, and adaptive immune-related genes was evaluated over time in two sets of experiments using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the first experiment, catfish were fed a basal diet with or without TC supplementation, while in the second they were fed a TC-supplemented or normal diet followed by infection with E. ictaluri. The catfish group infected with E. ictaluri and fed a TC-diet showed significant changes in the expression of innate and adaptive immune-related genes compared to control group. At 21 and 28 days post-infection, recovered fish showed significant increases in the expression of IgM in the anterior kidney and spleen. These results suggest that the supplemental dietary intake of TC can improve the immune status of catfish via engaging innate and adaptive immune responses and the production of memory cells in immunocompetent tissues. Together, this study provides an important foundation for the potential application of TC as an antimicrobial alternative in aquaculture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotics, Antibiotic Alternatives, and Combination Antimicrobial Therapy (Volume 2))
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Review

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21 pages, 919 KiB  
Review
Probiotics and Postbiotics as an Alternative to Antibiotics: An Emphasis on Pigs
by Md. Sekendar Ali, Eon-Bee Lee, Walter H. Hsu, Kyoungho Suk, Syed Al Jawad Sayem, H. M. Arif Ullah, Seung-Jin Lee and Seung-Chun Park
Pathogens 2023, 12(7), 874; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12070874 - 26 Jun 2023
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4834
Abstract
Probiotics are being used as feed/food supplements as an alternative to antibiotics. It has been demonstrated that probiotics provide several health benefits, including preventing diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and immunomodulation. Alongside probiotic bacteria-fermented foods, the different structural components, such as lipoteichoic acids, teichoic [...] Read more.
Probiotics are being used as feed/food supplements as an alternative to antibiotics. It has been demonstrated that probiotics provide several health benefits, including preventing diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and immunomodulation. Alongside probiotic bacteria-fermented foods, the different structural components, such as lipoteichoic acids, teichoic acids, peptidoglycans, and surface-layer proteins, offer several advantages. Probiotics can produce different antimicrobial components, enzymes, peptides, vitamins, and exopolysaccharides. Besides live probiotics, there has been growing interest in consuming inactivated probiotics in farm animals, including pigs. Several reports have shown that live and killed probiotics can boost immunity, modulate intestinal microbiota, improve feed efficiency and growth performance, and decrease the incidence of diarrhea, positioning them as an interesting strategy as a potential feed supplement for pigs. Therefore, effective selection and approach to the use of probiotics might provide essential features of using probiotics as an important functional feed for pigs. This review aimed to systematically investigate the potential effects of lactic acid bacteria in their live and inactivated forms on pigs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibiotics, Antibiotic Alternatives, and Combination Antimicrobial Therapy (Volume 2))
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