Dry Powders for Pulmonary Delivery: Device and Formulation Technologies for an Enhanced Lung Deposition, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmaceutical Technology, Manufacturing and Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 February 2025 | Viewed by 2915

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
Interests: drug delivery to the lung; formulations for dry powder inhalers; formulations for nebulisers; nanosuspension for inhaled
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Inhalation aerosol therapy is receiving a lot of interest among researchers as it is the preferred administration route when delivering medication to manage airway diseases and, more recently, systemic diseases.

Lung deposition and, hence, the therapeutic efficiency of DPI depend on several factors, including the formulations, device, and patient inhalation technique. Therefore, it is essential to consider the design of the inhaler device alongside its specific formulation to ensure an enhanced lung deposition and to give the patient the opportunity to achieve maximum therapeutic benefit. Despite advances in current DPI research, there is still a significant gap that needs addressing to understand the relationship of different parameters in the formulation and inhaler device design in enhancing lung deposition and lung bioavailability.

This Special Issue aims to collect the latest advances and state-of-the-art developments in the field of DPI device design, including smart inhalers, contribution of different formulation parameters such as surface energy, cohesion, and adhesion forces and particle engineering technology on lung deposition.

Dr. Khaled Assi
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • nanodrug delivery system
  • particle engineering technology
  • device development, including smart inhalers
  • dissolution
  • pharmacokinetics and lung bioavailability of inhaled drugs
  • compliance and inhaler technique

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Research

13 pages, 1719 KiB  
Article
Comparative Efficacy of Inhaled and Intravenous Corticosteroids in Managing COVID-19-Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
by Ahmed A. Abdelkader, Bshra A. Alsfouk, Asmaa Saleh, Mohamed E. A. Abdelrahim and Haitham Saeed
Pharmaceutics 2024, 16(7), 952; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16070952 - 18 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1272
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition in which the lungs fail to provide sufficient oxygen to the body’s vital organs. It is commonly associated with COVID-19 patients. Severe cases of COVID-19 can lead to lung damage and organ failure due [...] Read more.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition in which the lungs fail to provide sufficient oxygen to the body’s vital organs. It is commonly associated with COVID-19 patients. Severe cases of COVID-19 can lead to lung damage and organ failure due to an immune response in the body. To mitigate these effects, corticosteroids, which are known for their anti-inflammatory properties, have been suggested as a potential treatment option. The primary focus of this study was to assess the impact of various corticosteroid administration methods on the outcomes of patients with COVID-19. Methods: The current study was conducted on COVID-19 patients divided into three groups. The first group was administered 6 mg of intravenous (IV) dexamethasone; the second group received 1 mg/kg of IV methylprednisolone (methylprednisolone); and the third group received budesonide respirable solution at a dosage of 1mg twice daily. The neubilizer used was a vibrating mesh nebulizer (VMN). All patients received standard care. We found that dexamethasone administered intravenously led to a significant reduction in C-reactive protein levels, surpassing the effectiveness of both IV methylprednisolone and inhaled budesonide. Oxygen saturation without mask change over time showed statistically significant differences (p = 0.004) in favor of the budesonide and dexamethasone groups for all days. Individuals who received methylprednisolone showed a significant decrease in mortality rate and an extended survival duration, with statistical significance observed at p = 0.024. The rest of the parameters, including ferritin, lymphocytes, total leukocyte count, platelets, hemoglobin, urea, serum potassium, serum sodium, serum creatinine, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, uric acid, albumin, globulin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, international normalized ratio, oxygen saturation with flow, and oxygen flow, showed no statistically significant differences between the three drugs. In conclusion, treatment with IV methylprednisolone (1 mg/kg) resulted in a shorter hospital stay, decreased reliance on ventilation, and improved health outcomes for COVID-19 patients compared to using dexamethasone at a daily dosage of 6 mg or budesonide respirable solution at a dosage of 1mg twice daily. Full article
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21 pages, 6251 KiB  
Article
Preparation and Evaluation of Inhalable Microparticles with Improved Aerodynamic Performance and Dispersibility Using L-Leucine and Hot-Melt Extrusion
by Jin-Hyuk Jeong, Ji-Su Kim, Yu-Rim Choi, Dae Hwan Shin, Ji-Hyun Kang, Dong-Wook Kim, Yun-Sang Park and Chun-Woong Park
Pharmaceutics 2024, 16(6), 784; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16060784 - 8 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1174
Abstract
Dry-powder inhalers (DPIs) are valued for their stability but formulating them is challenging due to powder aggregation and limited flowability, which affects drug delivery and uniformity. In this study, the incorporation of L-leucine (LEU) into hot-melt extrusion (HME) was proposed to enhance dispersibility [...] Read more.
Dry-powder inhalers (DPIs) are valued for their stability but formulating them is challenging due to powder aggregation and limited flowability, which affects drug delivery and uniformity. In this study, the incorporation of L-leucine (LEU) into hot-melt extrusion (HME) was proposed to enhance dispersibility while simultaneously maintaining the high aerodynamic performance of inhalable microparticles. This study explored using LEU in HME to improve dispersibility and maintain the high aerodynamic performance of inhalable microparticles. Formulations with crystalline itraconazole (ITZ) and LEU were made via co-jet milling and HME followed by jet milling. The LEU ratio varied, comparing solubility, homogenization, and aerodynamic performance enhancements. In HME, ITZ solubility increased, and crystallinity decreased. Higher LEU ratios in HME formulations reduced the contact angle, enhancing mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) size and aerodynamic performance synergistically. Achieving a maximum extra fine particle fraction of 33.68 ± 1.31% enabled stable deep lung delivery. This study shows that HME combined with LEU effectively produces inhalable particles, which is promising for improved drug dispersion and delivery. Full article
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