Optical Wireless Communications and Applications

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Communication and Network".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 June 2023) | Viewed by 6365

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Computer Science and Engineering, the University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan
Interests: optical wireless networks; satellite/vehicular communications; cross-layer design; quantum cryptography; machine learning

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Guest Editor
Department of Mathematical and Systems Engineering, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
Interests: optical wireless communications; network security; communications networks; communication theory

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Engineering, Ozyegin University, Istanbul, Turkey
Interests: free space optical communication; underwater/outdoor visible light communications; performance analysis over fading channels and time-varying channels; channel estimation and equalization; channel modeling

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Guest Editor
1. Electrical Engineering Department, HITEC University Taxila, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
2. SEECS Photonics Research Group, Islamabad, Pakistan
Interests: microwave photonics; fiber optic communication; nonlinear optics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The rapid development of various emerging applications, such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), the Internet of Vehicles (IoVs), or smart applications with the aid of artificial intelligence/machine learning (AIML), has produced a massive volume of data traffic that requires extremely high-speed wireless connectivity. This poses a significant challenge for the design of current fifth-generation (5G) and future sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication networks. It is well established that current communications based on radio frequency (RF) are becoming more restricted due to limited spectrum resources and may not satisfy this growing demand. In such a scenario, optical wireless communication (OWC) gains importance, as it can leverage the unique benefits of light propagation media as opposed to RF technologies, such as an enormous available unlicensed bandwidth, the capability of transmitting at very high data rates over long distances, the possibility to communicate wirelessly through water, high level of security, low power consumption, and an immunity to electromagnetic interference. Moreover, combining OWC with RF technology creates a synergy yielding hybrid systems, which can function in a complementary manner, with superior properties than the individual technologies could offer. Thanks to the numerous operational and technical advantages offered by OWC, recent years have witnessed a rapid development in research activities, covering underwater OWC, visible-light communication (VLC), and free-space optical (FSO) communication for various indoor and outdoor applications. In addition, the space–air–ground-integrated networks (SAGINs), which consist of satellites, high-altitude platforms (HAP), and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), using OWC, have received much attention in both academia and industry for global high-speed connectivity. As a result, OWC can be considered for a wide range of applications, such as quantum key distribution (QKD) and high-speed IoVs, postdisaster emergency communications, and vertical fronthaul/backhaul solutions for mobile cellular networks. Nevertheless, the uncertainty of OWC channels and several technical challenges need to be carefully taken into account before the widespread deployment of OWC. This Special Issue intends to showcase the latest developments in all research areas related to OWC with both theoretical contributions (including novel techniques, concepts, designs, analyses, and optimizations) and practical contributions (including system experiments and prototypes). We cordially invite original contributions in, but not limited to, the following topical areas:

  • Optical wireless communication (OWC);
  • Free-space-optical (FSO) communication;
  • Ultraviolet communication (UVC);
  • Visible-light communication (VLC);
  • Underwater OWC networks and systems;
  • Satellite/vehicular FSO networks;
  • Space-air-ground-integrated FSO networks;
  • 5G OWC networks and beyond;
  • OWC for the Internet of Things (IoT);
  • Applications of artificial intelligence/machine learning (AIML) for OWC networks;
  • Quantum key distribution (QKD);
  • Hybrid Wi-Fi/mm wave/THz/OWC links;
  • Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided OWC;
  • Energy-efficient OWC networks;
  • OWC network security;
  • OWC testbeds and experiments;
  • Cross-layer design for OWC networks;
  • Error-control protocol design for OWC networks;
  • Coding, modulation, and signal processing for OWC;
  • OFDM and MIMO for OWC;
  • OWC channel modeling;
  • Energy harvesting for OWC;
  • UAV-based optical wireless communication.

Dr. Hoang D. Le
Dr. Thanh V. Pham
Dr. Mohammed Elamassie
Dr. Muhammad Jawad Mirza
Guest Editors

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 10146 KiB  
Communication
Effect of Beam-Steering Angle, Operation Wavelength and Mean Inter-Element Distance on the Side-Lobe Levels of Integrated Optical Phased Arrays under Beam-Steering Operation
by Ivan Aldaya, Bruna Dias Pires de Souza, Rafael Abrantes Penchel, Julian Leonel Pita, Mirian Paula dos Santos, José Augusto de Oliveira and Marcelo Luis Francisco Abbade
Photonics 2023, 10(12), 1300; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10121300 - 24 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1347
Abstract
Integrated optical phased arrays (OPAs) play an important role in a broad range of applications. Fabrication constraints, however, pose a limit to the minimum inter-element separation that further results in high-intensity side lobes. The intensity of these secondary lobes can be reduced by [...] Read more.
Integrated optical phased arrays (OPAs) play an important role in a broad range of applications. Fabrication constraints, however, pose a limit to the minimum inter-element separation that further results in high-intensity side lobes. The intensity of these secondary lobes can be reduced by arranging the antenna elements with non-uniform separation distance, which has been addressed by different methods. In this paper we employ one of the already proven optimization algorithms, i.e., differential evolution, to optimize the element positions of linear arrays with different configurations operating under beam-steering operation and considering a minimum inter-element distance. These optimizations allowed us to derive some design guidelines that can assist in reducing the side-lobe level (SLL) of integrated linear OPAs. In particular, we found that it is necessary to optimize the positions for the broadest beam-steering angle and the shortest operation wavelength. Additionally, optimizations of different configurations reveal that, when imposing a minimum inter-element distance, there is an optimum mean distance that minimizes the SLL of the array. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Wireless Communications and Applications)
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14 pages, 4464 KiB  
Article
Adaptive Weighted K-Nearest Neighbor Trilateration Algorithm for Visible Light Positioning
by Kaiyao Wang, Yi He, Xinpeng Huang and Zhiyong Hong
Photonics 2023, 10(3), 319; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10030319 - 16 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2013
Abstract
An adaptive weighted K-nearest neighbor (AWKNN) trilateration positioning algorithm fused with the channel state information (CSI) is proposed to optimize the accuracy of the visible light positioning. The core concept behind this algorithm is to combine the WKNN algorithm with ranging based on [...] Read more.
An adaptive weighted K-nearest neighbor (AWKNN) trilateration positioning algorithm fused with the channel state information (CSI) is proposed to optimize the accuracy of the visible light positioning. The core concept behind this algorithm is to combine the WKNN algorithm with ranging based on the CSI. The direct path distance estimated by the CSI is utilized to construct a position set consisting of multiple positions and a corresponding distance database containing multiple distance vectors. The error parameters of the weighted combinations of different distance vectors are calculated iteratively to evaluate the impact of different K-values and weights on the positioning accuracy. The proposed algorithm can achieve high-precision trilateration positioning by adaptively selecting the K-value and weight. A typical 4 m × 4 m × 3 m indoor multipath scene with four LEDs is established to simulate the positioning performance. The simulation results reveal that the mean error of the CSI-based AWKNN algorithm achieves 1.84 cm, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.13 cm. Compared with the CSI-based least squares (LS) method, the CSI-based nonlinear LS method, and the CSI-based WKNN method, the average error of this method is decreased by 29%, 16%, and 17%, whereas the RMSE is reduced by 35%, 14%, and 19%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Wireless Communications and Applications)
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8 pages, 2171 KiB  
Communication
Experimental Proof-of-Concept of a Spatial Photonic Switch Based on an Off-Axis Zone Plate in Millimeter Wavelength Range
by Andrey G. Paulish, Oleg V. Minin, Yuri E. Geints and Igor V. Minin
Photonics 2022, 9(10), 670; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9100670 - 20 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1934
Abstract
Optical switches are key elements in modern network communications. We present the results of the experimental verification of a new theoretical concept proposed earlier for a full-optical wavelength-selective dual-channel switch based on the photonic hook effect, which is free from using any micro-mechanical [...] Read more.
Optical switches are key elements in modern network communications. We present the results of the experimental verification of a new theoretical concept proposed earlier for a full-optical wavelength-selective dual-channel switch based on the photonic hook effect, which is free from using any micro-mechanical devices or nonlinear materials. A large-scale laboratory prototype of such a device based on an off-axis Wood zone plate is considered, and its main parameters in the millimeter wavelength range are investigated. On the basis of the experiments, we show that the optical isolation of switched channels for a switch based on an off-axis zone plate can achieve 15 dB at a frequency difference of 25 GHz in a frequency range of 93 to 136 GHz. Given the scaling, these results can be transferred to another range, including the optical one. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Wireless Communications and Applications)
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