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Physchem
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Batteries Beyond Mainstream
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Batteries Beyond Mainstream

A topical collection in Physchem (ISSN 2673-7167). This collection belongs to the section "Electrochemistry".

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Editors

Dr. Sergei Manzhos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
Interests: electrochemical batteries: photoelectrochemical cells; computational spectroscopy; potential energy surfaces; machine learning; ab initio modeling; large scale density functional methods
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Masashi Kotobuki

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Battery Research Center of Green Energy, Ming Chi University of Technology, 84 Gungjuan Road, Taishan District, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
Interests: electrochemical batteries; lithium battery; material science
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Topical Collection Information

Dear Colleagues,

Battery storage technologies are actively pursued to address electricity storage needs in diverse applications from portable electronics to grid storage. To the diversity of applications corresponds the diversity of desired combinations of device performance characteristics (volumetric and gravimetric energy densities, cycling rate and life, cost, scalability and environment-friendliness of materials, etc.). While much effort has been concentrated on metal-ion secondary batteries based on Li and other alkali (e.g., Na-ion, K-ion) and alkali-earth (e.g., Mg-ion) metal cations with inorganic hosts, it is also important to explore batteries based on other principles, both primary and secondary batteries, which may be advantageous for specialized applications as well as to generate new ideas for mainstream, larger-scale deployment. This Special Issue aims to publish original research articles and reviews about these types of batteries. This includes, but is not limited to, the following:

  • Batteries utilizing non-alkali or alkali earth metal cations;
  • Non-metal cation-based batteries;
  • Nuclear batteries with thermal and non-thermal (including a, b, g-voltaic) conversion and other principles;
  • Metal ion batteries utilizing non-standard host and electrolyte materials (i.e., beyond transition metal oxides, carbons, etc.);
  • Organic batteries beyond mainstream materials;
  • Metal hydride and hydrogen batteries.

Dr. Sergei Manzhos
Prof. Dr. Masashi Kotobuki
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • batteries
  • post-lithium batteries
  • alkali earth metal cations batteries
  • non-metal cation-based batteries
  • nuclear batteries
  • metal ion batteries
  • organic batteries
  • metal hydride batteries
  • hydrogen batteries

Published Papers (2 papers)

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2024

16 pages, 4323 KiB  
Article
Atomic-Scale Study of NASICON Type Electrode Material: Defects, Dopants and Sodium-Ion Migration in Na3V2(PO4)3
by Vijayabaskar Seshan, Poobalasuntharam Iyngaran, Poobalasingam Abiman and Navaratnarajah Kuganathan
Physchem 2025, 5(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/physchem5010001 - 30 Dec 2024
Viewed by 467
Abstract
Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP), a NASICON-type material, has gained attention as a promising battery cathode owing to its high sodium mobility and excellent structural stability. Using computational simulation techniques based on classical potentials and density functional theory (DFT), [...] Read more.
Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP), a NASICON-type material, has gained attention as a promising battery cathode owing to its high sodium mobility and excellent structural stability. Using computational simulation techniques based on classical potentials and density functional theory (DFT), we examine the defect characteristics, diffusion mechanisms, and dopant behavior of the NVP. The study found that the Na Frenkel defect is the most favorable intrinsic defect, supporting the desodiation process necessary for capacity and enabling vacancy-assisted Na-ion migration. The Na migration is anticipated through a long-range zig-zag pathway with an overall activation energy of 0.70 eV. K and Sc preferentially occupy Na and V sites without creating charge-compensating defects. Substituting Mg at the V site can simultaneously increase Na content by forming interstitials and reducing the band gap. Additionally, doping Ti at the V site promotes the formation of Na vacancies necessary for vacancy-assisted migration, leading to a notable improvement in electronic conductivity. Full article
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12 pages, 3819 KiB  
Article
Magnetite Thin Films by Solvothermal Synthesis on a Microstructured Si Substrate as a Model to Study Energy Storage Mechanisms of Supercapacitors
by Karina Chavez and Enrique Quiroga-González
Physchem 2024, 4(4), 536-547; https://doi.org/10.3390/physchem4040037 - 12 Dec 2024
Viewed by 575
Abstract
Fast electrochemical phenomena occurring in supercapacitors are hard to analyze by ex situ or in situ techniques because many of them are meta-stable (the supercapacitor relaxes once it is not further polarized). In a steady state, one observes the effect of charge storage [...] Read more.
Fast electrochemical phenomena occurring in supercapacitors are hard to analyze by ex situ or in situ techniques because many of them are meta-stable (the supercapacitor relaxes once it is not further polarized). In a steady state, one observes the effect of charge storage but not necessarily the mechanism. This is a problem for Raman spectroscopy, too, even though Raman spectra of the electrodes of supercapacitors are commonly recorded ex situ or in a steady state in situ. Raman operando is desired, but it represents a technological challenge since the electrochemical events in a supercapacitor are very fast (occurring within seconds), and in contrast, Raman requires from seconds to minutes to collect enough photons for reliable spectra. This work presents the development of electrodes made of thin layers of iron oxide grown solvothermally on Si wafers, with a porosified surface and resistivity of 0.005 Ωcm, to study their performance as electrodes in supercapacitors and analyze their energy storage mechanisms by cyclic voltammetry and Raman operando. Being flat and containing just iron oxide and silicon, these electrodes allow for studying interfacial phenomena with minor interferents. Full article
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