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Physics
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Multimessenger Probes of the Universe
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Multimessenger Probes of the Universe

A special issue of Physics (ISSN 2624-8174). This special issue belongs to the section "Astronomy, Astrophysics and Planetology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2020) | Viewed by 11601

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Alexander S. Sakharov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Experimental Physics Department, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
2. Department of Physics, Manhattan College, Riverdale, NY 10471, USA
Interests: astroparticle physics; cosmology; particle physics; advance statistics in data analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Multi-messenger studies aim to challenge some of the most important problems in physics, astrophysics and cosmology and to discover new phenomena by combining the information from the world’s leading facilities providing us with detection of extra-galactic sources via “messengers” other than photons, such as the high-energy neutrinos, ultra-high energy cosmic rays and gravitational waves. Being complemented by the gamma-ray facilities, which continuously monitor large swaths of the sky for high-energy electromagnetic phenomena, these facilities can probe the high-energy universe and fundamental lows of physics at very high accuracy level.

Two recent key milestones for multi-messenger astrophysics were the detections of the extremely high-energy neutrino event IceCube-170922A by the IceCube collaboration and of the gravitational wave GW170817 by LIGO and VIRGO. For both signals, electromagnetic follow ups at various wavelengths were detected at the same location of these events.

In this Special Issue, we are interested in articles analyzing multi-messenger signals to test fundamental lows of symmetry in physics, to model of high energy phenomena that predict multi-messenger signals (or lack thereof), to interpret multi-messenger signals and to describing the design of future experiments and new correlation channels. We welcome original research articles, as well as reviews and perspectives on the next decade of research.

Prof. Dr. Alexander S. Sakharov
Guest Editor

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Articles with original results are most welcome, as are contributions of a review type of earlier publications or widely extended versions of the latter completed with new results and/or extensively updated. 

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 1026 KiB  
Article
Hunting for Dwarf Galaxies Hosting the Formation and Coalescence of Compact Binaries
by Luca Graziani
Physics 2019, 1(3), 412-429; https://doi.org/10.3390/physics1030030 - 6 Dec 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3426
Abstract
Here we introduce the latest version of the GAMESH model, capable to consistently account for the formation and evolution of compact binary systems along the cosmic assembly of a Milky Way (MW)-like galaxy, centered on a local group volume resolving a large population [...] Read more.
Here we introduce the latest version of the GAMESH model, capable to consistently account for the formation and evolution of compact binary systems along the cosmic assembly of a Milky Way (MW)-like galaxy, centered on a local group volume resolving a large population of dwarf satellites. After describing the galaxy assembly process and how the formation of binary systems is accounted for, we summarize some recent findings on the properties and evolution of low-metallicity dwarf galaxies hosting the birth/coalescence of stellar/compact binaries generating GW150914-like signals. Finally, we focus on the mass and orbital properties of the above compact binary candidates assessing their impact on the resulting coalescence times and on selecting suitable galaxy hosts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multimessenger Probes of the Universe)
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9 pages, 293 KiB  
Article
Gravitational Waves from Mirror World
by Revaz Beradze and Merab Gogberashvili
Physics 2019, 1(1), 67-75; https://doi.org/10.3390/physics1010007 - 27 Mar 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3536
Abstract
In this paper we consider the properties of the 10 confirmed by the LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory) Collaboration gravitational wave signals from the black hole mergers. We want to explain non-observation of electromagnetic counterpart and higher then expected merging rates of these [...] Read more.
In this paper we consider the properties of the 10 confirmed by the LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory) Collaboration gravitational wave signals from the black hole mergers. We want to explain non-observation of electromagnetic counterpart and higher then expected merging rates of these events, assuming the existence of their sources in the hidden mirror universe. Mirror matter, which interacts with our world only through gravity, is a candidate of dark matter and its density can exceed ordinary matter density five times. Since mirror world is considered to be colder, star formation there started earlier and mirror black holes had more time to pick up the mass and to create more binary systems within the LIGO reachable zone. In total, we estimate factor of 15 amplification of black holes merging rate in mirror world with respect to our world, which is consistent with the LIGO observations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multimessenger Probes of the Universe)

Review

Jump to: Research

35 pages, 1228 KiB  
Review
Binary Neutron Star (BNS) Merger: What We Learned from Relativistic Ejecta of GW/GRB 170817A
by Houri Ziaeepour
Physics 2019, 1(2), 194-228; https://doi.org/10.3390/physics1020018 - 17 Jul 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4084
Abstract
Gravitational Waves (GW) from coalescence of a Binary Neutron Star (BNS) and its accompanying short Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) GW/GRB 170817A confirmed the presumed origin of these puzzling transients and opened up the way for relating properties of short GRBs to those of their [...] Read more.
Gravitational Waves (GW) from coalescence of a Binary Neutron Star (BNS) and its accompanying short Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) GW/GRB 170817A confirmed the presumed origin of these puzzling transients and opened up the way for relating properties of short GRBs to those of their progenitor stars and their surroundings. Here we review an extensive analysis of the prompt gamma-ray and late afterglows of this event. We show that a fraction of polar ejecta from the merger had been accelerated to ultra-relativistic speeds. This structured jet had an initial Lorentz factor of about 260 in our direction, which was O ( 10 ∘ ) from the jet’s axis, and was a few orders of magnitude less dense than in typical short GRBs. At the time of arrival to circum-burst material the ultra-relativistic jet had a close to Gaussian profile and a Lorentz factor ≳ 130 in its core. It had retained in some extent its internal collimation and coherence, but had extended laterally to create mildly relativistic lobes—a cocoon. Its external shocks on the far from center inhomogeneous circum-burst material and low density of colliding shells generated slowly rising afterglows, which peaked more than 100 days after the prompt gamma-ray. The circum-burst material was somehow correlated with the merger. As non-relativistic outflows or tidally ejected material during BNS merger could not have been arrived to the location of the external shocks before the relativistic jet, circum-burst material might have contained recently ejected materials from resumption of internal activities, faulting and mass loss due to deformation and breaking of stars crusts by tidal forces during latest stages of their inspiral but well before their merger. By comparing these findings with the results of relativistic Magneto-Hydro-Dynamics (MHD) simulations and observed gravitational waves we conclude that progenitor neutron stars were most probably old, had close masses and highly reduced magnetic fields. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multimessenger Probes of the Universe)
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