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Polymers
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Advances in Polymeric Dental Materials
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Advances in Polymeric Dental Materials

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 January 2025 | Viewed by 7224

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Daniel Torres-Lagares

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Dentistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
Interests: oral surgery; dental materials; oral cancer; implant dentistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Materials science has always been involved in the development of dentistry. At first, metals allowed a significant number of dental rehabilitations. Advances in ceramics and porcelains have always had a direct application in dental aesthetics. Likewise, the incorporation of rubber opened new avenues for dental prostheses, and, at the end of the last century, acid etching techniques allowed the incorporation of adhesion between different types of materials and the tooth, thus initiating the era of adhesive dentistry. Polymeric materials are no exception to all of these examples. Polymers have a wide application in different fields and dentistry is one of them, both in the field of adhesive dentistry, as well as in the manufacture of new splints for orthodontics, including dental implantology and materials that can be applied to oral surgery or conservative dentistry. This field is currently in continuous development, which more than justifies the opening of this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Daniel Torres-Lagares
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • polymeric composite materials
  • polymeric dental cements
  • polymeric adhesive materials keywords
  • polymeric procoagulants
  • polymerics materials for oral tissues regeneration
  • polymerics materials in implant dentistry
  • polymerics materials in virtual planned dentistry
  • polymerics materials in orthodontic appliances

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 12187 KiB  
Article
Improving Self-Healing Dental-Restorative Materials with Functionalized and Reinforced Microcapsules
by Bao Quoc Huynh, Sivashankari Rajasekaran, Joao Batista, Steven Lewis, Mario Alexandre Coelho Sinhoreti, Carmem Silvia Pfeifer and Ana Paula Fugolin
Polymers 2024, 16(17), 2410; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16172410 - 24 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1144
Abstract
Dental resin composites are widely used in clinical settings but often face longevity issues due to the development and accumulation of microcracks, which eventually lead to larger cracks and restoration failure. The incorporation of microcapsules into these resins has been explored to introduce [...] Read more.
Dental resin composites are widely used in clinical settings but often face longevity issues due to the development and accumulation of microcracks, which eventually lead to larger cracks and restoration failure. The incorporation of microcapsules into these resins has been explored to introduce self-healing capability, potentially extending the lifespan of the restorations. This study aims to enhance the performance of self-healing dental resins by optimizing the microcapsules–resin matrix physicochemical interactions. Poly(urea–formaldehyde) (PUF) microcapsules were reinforced with melamine and subsequently subjected to surface functionalization with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTMS). Additionally, microcapsules were functionalized with a bilayer approach, incorporating tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) with either APTES or MPTMS. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed an increased Si:C ratio from 0.006 to 0.165. The functionalization process did not adversely affect the structure of the microcapsules or their healing agent volume. Compared to PUF controls, the functionalized microcapsules demonstrated enhanced healing efficiency, with TEOS/MPTMS-functionalized microcapsules showing the highest performance, showing a toughness recovery of up to 35%. This work introduces a novel approach to functionalization of microcapsules by employing advanced silanizing agents such as APTES and MPTMS, and pioneering bilayer functionalization protocols through their combination with TEOS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Polymeric Dental Materials)
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21 pages, 7872 KiB  
Article
Biological Response of the Peri-Implant Mucosa to Different Definitive Implant Rehabilitation Materials
by María Baus-Domínguez, Elena Oliva-Ferrusola, Serafín Maza-Solano, Gonzalo Ruiz-de-León, María-Ángeles Serrera-Figallo, José-Luis Gutiérrez-Perez, Daniel Torres-Lagares and Laura Macías-García
Polymers 2024, 16(11), 1534; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16111534 - 29 May 2024
Viewed by 757
Abstract
Background: Sealing the peri-implant tissue is a determining factor for long-term implant survival. In the transmucosal region, the cervical fraction of the prosthetic crown is in contact with these tissues, so mucointegration will also be influenced by the biomaterial used for the prosthetic [...] Read more.
Background: Sealing the peri-implant tissue is a determining factor for long-term implant survival. In the transmucosal region, the cervical fraction of the prosthetic crown is in contact with these tissues, so mucointegration will also be influenced by the biomaterial used for the prosthetic restoration. This study aims to compare the tissue response generated by definitive restorative materials and polymeric materials from a histological point of view. Methods: This study performed an observational prospective cohort study in which biopsies of the peri-implant mucosa were taken after placement of implant-supported prosthetic restorations made of different materials (zirconium oxide, lithium disilicate, and PMMA). Results: A statistically significant difference was observed in the increase in the thickness of the non-keratinized epithelium when comparing the definitive materials (zirconium oxide/lithium disilicate) vs. the provisional material (PMMA) and in the number of collagen fibers when comparing zirconium oxide and lithium disilicate. Conclusions: This study found that zirconia is the material that presents the most adequate biological response of peri-implant tissues. It shows a lower intensity of inflammatory cellular content, a total normality in the number of collagen fibers (the arrangement of the fibers is normal in 90% of the cases), and vascular proliferation of connective tissue in 83% of the cases. These parameters make it a material with a predictable response. Similarly, only the following slight statistically significant differences between the definitive and provisional materials are observed, indicating that the biological response generated by the provisional material (PMMA) is not very different from that obtained with the placement of the definitive restoration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Polymeric Dental Materials)
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12 pages, 5134 KiB  
Article
Impact of CAD/CAM Material Thickness and Translucency on the Polymerization of Dual-Cure Resin Cement in Endocrowns
by Soshi Ikemoto, Yuya Komagata, Shinji Yoshii, Chihiro Masaki, Ryuji Hosokawa and Hiroshi Ikeda
Polymers 2024, 16(5), 661; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16050661 - 29 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1237
Abstract
The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the thickness and translucency of various computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials on the polymerization of dual-cure resin cement in endocrown restorations. Three commercially available CAD/CAM materials—lithium disilicate glass (e.max CAD), resin composite [...] Read more.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of the thickness and translucency of various computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials on the polymerization of dual-cure resin cement in endocrown restorations. Three commercially available CAD/CAM materials—lithium disilicate glass (e.max CAD), resin composite (CERASMART), and a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (ENAMIC)—were cut into plates with five different thicknesses (1.5, 3.5, 5.5, 7.5, and 9.5 mm) in both high-translucency (HT) and low-translucency (LT) grades. Panavia V5, a commercial dual-cure resin cement, was polymerized through each plate by light irradiation. Post-polymerization treatment was performed by aging at 37 °C for 24 h under light-shielding conditions. The degree of conversion and Vickers hardness measurements were used to characterize the polymerization of the cement. The findings revealed a significant decrease in both the degree of conversion and Vickers hardness with increasing thickness across all CAD/CAM materials. Notably, while the differences in the degree of conversion and Vickers hardness between the HT and LT grades of each material were significant immediately after photoirradiation, these differences became smaller after post-polymerization treatment. Significant differences were observed between samples with a 1.5 mm thickness (conventional crowns) and those with a 5.5 mm or greater thickness (endocrowns), even after post-polymerization treatment. These results suggest that dual-cure resin cement in endocrown restorations undergoes insufficient polymerization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Polymeric Dental Materials)
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13 pages, 1658 KiB  
Article
Effect of Fibres on Physico-Mechanical Properties of Bulk-Fill Resin Composites
by Abdulrahman Alshabib, Nick Silikas, Hamad Algamaiah, Abdullah S. Alayad, Rahaf Alawaji, Shaikha Almogbel, Ahad Aldosari and Abdulaziz Alhotan
Polymers 2023, 15(16), 3452; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15163452 - 18 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1467
Abstract
Objective: To measure the flexural strength (FS) of bulk-fill resin composites and assess their long-term water absorption and solubility properties with and without the inclusion of short glass fibres. Methods: One resin composite, everX Flow with fibres, and four commercially available bulk-fill composites [...] Read more.
Objective: To measure the flexural strength (FS) of bulk-fill resin composites and assess their long-term water absorption and solubility properties with and without the inclusion of short glass fibres. Methods: One resin composite, everX Flow with fibres, and four commercially available bulk-fill composites without fibres, namely, PALFIQUE, Activa, SDR Plus, and Filtek Bulk Fill One, were tested. Six specimens (2 × 2 × 25 mm) were fabricated for each material and stored in water for 1 day and 30 days to measure the flexural strength using a three-point bending test. To evaluate water absorption and solubility, circular disks measuring 15 × 2 mm (n = 5) were immersed in water for 60 days, and their weights were recorded periodically. After 60 days, the specimens were dried for an additional 21 days to determine solubility. Results: Flexural strength values ranged from 101.7 to 149.1 MPa. Significant distinctions were observed among the resin composites at the onset of the study (p < 0.05). The highest FS value was identified in everX Flow, while ACT exhibited the lowest (p < 0.05). However, the flexural strength values exhibited a significant decrease with increased storage time (p < 0.05), except for ACT, which demonstrated a noteworthy increase. Concerning water absorption and solubility, ACT displayed the highest absorption, while the range of solubility varied from −0.88 to 5.8 μg/mm3. ACT also had the highest solubility, whereas everX Flow exhibited negative solubility. Significance: The addition of short fibres, along with potential differences in matrix composition, enhanced the flexural strength of everX Flow. However, the substantial reduction in flexural strength observed in everX Flow and SDR following exposure to water corroborates the manufacturers’ recommendation to apply a conventional resin composite cap on these materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Polymeric Dental Materials)
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13 pages, 1778 KiB  
Article
Behaviour of the Peri-Implant Soft Tissue with Different Rehabilitation Materials on Implants
by María Baus-Domínguez, Serafín Maza-Solano, Celia Vázquez-Pachón, Marta Flores-Cerero, Daniel Torres-Lagares, María-Ángeles Serrera-Figallo and Laura Macías-García
Polymers 2023, 15(15), 3321; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15153321 - 7 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1825
Abstract
(1) Background: Mucointegration seems to gain interest when talking about success in the maintenance of dental implants. As we well know, collagen fibres cannot be inserted due to the lack of root structure on the implant surface, so the structural integration of peri-implant [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Mucointegration seems to gain interest when talking about success in the maintenance of dental implants. As we well know, collagen fibres cannot be inserted due to the lack of root structure on the implant surface, so the structural integration of peri-implant tissues that provide a firm seal around implants seems to be of interest when it comes to ensuring the survival of dental implants. To achieve a good epithelial barrier, the physicochemical characteristics of the surfaces of the restorative materials are of vital importance; therefore, the objective of this study is to analyse the histological behaviour of the peri-implant soft tissues in three different restorative materials. (2) Methods: Histological analysis of biopsied peri-implant keratinised mucosa, inflammatory epithelium and connective tissue in contact with a reinforced composite (BRILLIANT Crios), a cross-linked polymethylmethacrylate (TELIO CAD), and a hybrid ceramic (Vita Enamic), restored on a customised Atlantis-type abutment (Dentsply Sirona) between 60 and 180 days after restoration. (3) Results: A greater number of cells per mm2 of keratinised epithelium is observed in the reinforced composite, which could indicate greater surface roughness with greater inflammatory response. In this way, the greater number of lymphocytes and the lateral cellular composition of the inflammatory cells confirm the greater inflammatory activity towards that material. The best material to rehabilitate was hybrid ceramic, as it shows a better cellular response. (4) Conclusions: Knowing the limitations of the proposed study, despite the fact that greater inflammation is observed in the reinforced composite relative to the other materials studied, no statistically significant differences were found. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Polymeric Dental Materials)
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