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Polymers
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Polymer-Based Fiber Reinforcements: Synthesis, Structure, Characterization and Application
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Polymer-Based Fiber Reinforcements: Synthesis, Structure, Characterization and Application

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Fibers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 5234

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ilaria Papa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
Interests: composite; polymers; NDT; mechanical characterization; low velocity impact; FDM
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Francesco Napolitano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
Interests: additive manufacturing; composite materials; thermoplastic; mechanical tests; sustainability

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The growing interest in innovative and performing materials has made composite materials an object of interest for research due to their excellent strength/weight ratio and the variety of fields of application (aerospace, automotive, sports, and construction). Many studies concern the research of new techniques for the production of composites with a polymer matrix and fiber reinforcements, from pultrusion to filament winding. However, these conventional techniques require the use of molds, and this inevitably raises costs. Other studies, on the other hand, concern the optimization of processes for existing techniques, to obtain high-performance materials, and at the same time, to obtain light materials. The present Special Issue aims to focus on research related to innovative technologies, manufacturing processes, and composite materials for high-performance components. Contributions may be related to conventional or unconventional processes, highlighting novel aspects of processing and manufacturing methods, coating technology, fiber treatments and materials that can be used to obtain high-performance components. 

Dr. Ilaria Papa
Dr. Francesco Napolitano
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • innovative manufacturing
  • composite materials
  • optimization
  • mechanical
  • material characterization
  • NDT
  • treatment surface

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 1241 KiB  
Article
Thermomechanical Assessment of Recovered PA12 Powders with Basalt Filler for Automotive Components
by Francesco Napolitano, Ilaria Papa, Francesca Cimino, Valentina Lopresto and Pietro Russo
Polymers 2024, 16(19), 2682; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16192682 - 24 Sep 2024
Viewed by 561
Abstract
Additive manufacturing processes allow for precise and efficient production, but it is estimated that one-third of the materials used results in waste. Further improvement in a sustainable perspective could come from the ability to manage these scraps and from the exploration of different [...] Read more.
Additive manufacturing processes allow for precise and efficient production, but it is estimated that one-third of the materials used results in waste. Further improvement in a sustainable perspective could come from the ability to manage these scraps and from the exploration of different routes for recovery and reuse. The Selective Laser Sintering process is particularly sensitive to this issue due to the waste ratio which can reach a very high quantity of not-sintered virgin powders. In this research study, recovered PA12 powders, preliminarily characterized through thermal and mechanical analysis, were mixed with 15% basalt powder to improve their aspect and thermomechanical resistance. The influence of basalt powder (BP) on mechanical properties as well as on the thermal stability of polyamide12 (PA12) powder composites was investigated. A study conducted on mechanical properties showed that polymeric composites’ stiffness and hardness were influenced by adding filler, thus improving mechanical parameters. On the other hand, the application of thermogravimetric analysis allowed us to determine the composite’s thermal stability. The objective is to obtain a recovered fully biobased material that could be used to substitute the petroleum-derived polymeric ones currently employed in the production of interiors and shells in the automotive sector. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer-Based Fiber Reinforcements: Synthesis, Structure, Characterization and Application)
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17 pages, 9034 KiB  
Article
Reinforcing Efficiency of Recycled Carbon Fiber PLA Filament Suitable for Additive Manufacturing
by Loredana Tammaro, Alfonso Martone, Barbara Palmieri, Carmela Borriello, Sabrina Portofino, Pierpaolo Iovane, Fabrizia Cilento, Michele Giordano and Sergio Galvagno
Polymers 2024, 16(15), 2100; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16152100 - 23 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 942
Abstract
The use of 3D printing technology for manufacturing new products based on sustainable materials enables one to take advantage of secondary raw materials derived from recycling. This work investigates the structural performances of 3D printing composite filaments based on polylactic acid (PLA), as [...] Read more.
The use of 3D printing technology for manufacturing new products based on sustainable materials enables one to take advantage of secondary raw materials derived from recycling. This work investigates the structural performances of 3D printing composite filaments based on polylactic acid (PLA), as a matrix, reinforced by recycled carbon fiber (rCF). Carbon fibers were recovered from industrial scraps by a patented thermal process and used to produce thermoplastic composite filaments for additive manufacturing without any additional treatment and additives. The influence of the recovered carbon fiber (rCF) content on the thermal properties, mechanical properties and microstructure of the composites was studied in the range of 3–20 wt%. The recorded TGA curves exhibited a one-stage weight loss within the temperature range 290–380 °C for all samples and the residual rCF content was in good agreement with the theoretical fiber loading. The Young modulus of the extruded filaments strongly increased below a critical content (5 wt%), while at higher content the improvement was reduced. An increase in the storage modulus of 54% compared to neat PLA 3D printed sample resulted in a printed specimen with a higher rCF content. SEM images highlighted a strong rCF prevailing alignment in the direction of the extrusion flow, creating almost unidirectional reinforcement inside the filament. These findings suggest that homogeneous composite filaments reinforced with well-dispersed recycled CF without additional chemical modification and additives are suitable materials for additive manufacturing. The effect of rCF topological distribution within the material on the mechanical performances has been discussed, highlighting that the isolated fibers could efficiently transfer loads with respect to the percolated 3D network and have been correlated with the microstructure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer-Based Fiber Reinforcements: Synthesis, Structure, Characterization and Application)
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12 pages, 9601 KiB  
Article
The Effects of Combined Treatments of Laser Engraving, Plasma Spraying and Resin Pre-Coating on Improving the Bonding Strength of Titanium Alloy and Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer
by Wenyi Huang, Fei Cheng, Shihao Zuo, Yi Ji, Guangming Yang, Jiaxin He, Sidra Ashfaq, Yunsen Hu and Xiaozhi Hu
Polymers 2024, 16(14), 2041; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16142041 - 17 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 945
Abstract
This study focused on effective methods of laser engraving treatment (LET), plasma spraying, and resin pre-coating (RPC) to manufacture the reinforced adhesive joints of titanium alloy and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (TA-CFRP) composites. The combined treatments contributed to the creation of a better adhesive [...] Read more.
This study focused on effective methods of laser engraving treatment (LET), plasma spraying, and resin pre-coating (RPC) to manufacture the reinforced adhesive joints of titanium alloy and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (TA-CFRP) composites. The combined treatments contributed to the creation of a better adhesive bonding condition and offer a vertical gap between circular protrusions to form epoxy pins and carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced epoxy pins. The bonding strength of the TA-CFRP composite was reinforced by 130.6% via treatments with a twice-engraving unit of 0.8 mm, plasma spraying, and RPC. The original debonding failure on the TA surface was changed into the cohesive failure of the epoxy adhesive and delamination-dominated failure of the CFRP panel. Overall, laser engraving has been confirmed as an effective and controllable treatment method to reinforce the bonding strength of the TA-CFRP joint combined with plasma spraying and RPC. It may be considered as an alternative in industry for manufacturing high-performance metal–CFRP composites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer-Based Fiber Reinforcements: Synthesis, Structure, Characterization and Application)
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Review

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32 pages, 4372 KiB  
Review
Recyclable and Biobased Vitrimers for Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Composites—A Review
by Hoang T. T. Tran, Shammi Sultana Nisha, Racim Radjef, Mostafa Nikzad, Robert Bjekovic and Bronwyn Fox
Polymers 2024, 16(8), 1025; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16081025 - 9 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2190
Abstract
Economic and environmental concerns over the accumulation of end-of-life carbon fibre composite waste have led to increased attention to sustainable materials with low environmental impact. Over decades of research, vitrimers, a modern class of covalent adaptable networks, have bridged the gap between thermoplastics [...] Read more.
Economic and environmental concerns over the accumulation of end-of-life carbon fibre composite waste have led to increased attention to sustainable materials with low environmental impact. Over decades of research, vitrimers, a modern class of covalent adaptable networks, have bridged the gap between thermoplastics and thermosets. With the distinguishing feature of dynamic covalent bonds, vitrimers can be rearranged and reprocessed within their existing network structures in response to external stimuli such as heat or light. This poses a unique solution to repairing damaged composites, extending their service life, and reducing post-consumer waste. However, the synthesis of vitrimers often requires petrochemical consumption, which increases their carbon footprint. Using bio-based materials could be a promising solution to reduce the reliance on petrochemicals and their related pollution. This review compiles the contemporary requirements for bio-based vitrimers regarding their properties, scalability, and recycling features. This article also presents a comprehensive overview of the pathways to produce sustainable bio-based vitrimers and an overview of promising studies showing the potential uses of bio-derived vitrimers on carbon fibre composite productions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer-Based Fiber Reinforcements: Synthesis, Structure, Characterization and Application)
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