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Polymers
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Fundamentals in Polymers Revealed by Non-destructive Methods
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Fundamentals in Polymers Revealed by Non-destructive Methods

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Physics and Theory".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2021) | Viewed by 13632

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Nicolas Candau

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departament de Ciència i Enginyeria de Materials (CEM), Escola d’Enginyeria Barcelona-Est (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya BarcelonaTech (UPC), Av. Eduard Maristany 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: rubber; rheology; polymer processing; polymer science; elastomers; material characterization; thermomechanical characterization; digital image correlation; small and wide-angle X-Rays

Special Issue Information

I will be editing a special issue of the journal Polymers on the fundamentals of polymer physics revealed by non-destructive techniques. Hence, I would like to cordially invite you to consider submitting a manuscript for publication in this special issue.

Over the last decade, non-destructive techniques (NDT) dedicated to the understanding of polymer physics has become of peculiar interest due to the improvement of computational and automation methods and of the resolution of the testing methods. These techniques allow to measure characteristic times of fundamental phenomena in polymers (molecular motion, phase transitions, etc.) and provide access to their spatial heterogeneities by implementing cartographies at microstructural scale.

Among the most advanced non-destructive techniques, one may cite penetrating radiation (X-Rays radiography, X-Rays tomography, Neutron scattering, electron microscopy), spectrometry (ultra-violet, infrared, Raman), optical (photoelasticity, optical microscopy, digital image correlation), thermal and infrared analysis (thermography), sonic and ultrasonic (acoustic emission, tap testing), mechanics (dynamic mechanical analysis, atomic force microscopy) and electromagnetic (dielectric spectroscopy, resistance measurement, magnetic resonance imaging).

Manuscripts dedicated to investigations based on one or several non-destructive techniques providing insight into structure-property relationship are welcome to be presented in this special issue. Moreover, numerical simulation and modeling (physically based modeling, molecular dynamics) to complement experimental characterization will also be of interest.

Overall, this special issue will serve to improve the fundamental understanding of several phenomena in polymer systems (shape memory, phase changes, crack propagation, plastic mechanisms) that is of significance in a wide range of applications (fatigue life of polymers, energy storage in polymer structures, polymer recycling, etc.).

Dr. Nicolas Candau
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Polymer physics
  • Non-destructive techniques
  • Penetrating radiation
  • Spectrometry
  • Optical Imaging
  • Infrared analysis
  • Acoustic analysis
  • Electromagnetic
  • Numerical simulation and modeling

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 3232 KiB  
Article
Influence of the Filler Particles’ Surface Morphology on the Polyurethane Matrix’s Structure Formation in the Composite
by Taisiya A. Shalygina, Mikhail S. Rudenko, Ivan V. Nemtsev, Vladimir A. Parfenov, Svetlana Y. Voronina, Igor D. Simonov-Emelyanov and Polina E. Borisova
Polymers 2021, 13(22), 3864; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13223864 - 9 Nov 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2580
Abstract
This article presents the surface morphology effect of silicon carbide (SiC) particles on the polyurethane binder’s structure formation in a dispersed-filled composite. The difference in the morphology and surface relief of filler particles was ensured by the implementation of plasma chemical modification. As [...] Read more.
This article presents the surface morphology effect of silicon carbide (SiC) particles on the polyurethane binder’s structure formation in a dispersed-filled composite. The difference in the morphology and surface relief of filler particles was ensured by the implementation of plasma chemical modification. As a result of this modification, the filler consisted of core-shell particles characterized by a SiC core and a carbon shell (SiC@C), as well as a carbon shell decorated with silicon nanoparticles (SiC@C/SiNP) or nanos (SiC@C/SiNW). The study of the relaxation properties of polyurethane composites has shown that the strongest limiting effect on the molecular mobility of boundary layer’s chain segments is exerted by a highly developed surface with a complex relief of SiC@C/SiNP and SiC@C/SiNW particles. An empirical method was proposed to find the polymer fractions spent on the formation of the boundary, transition and bulk layers of the polymer matrix in the composite. It was shown that the morphology of the filler particles’ surface does not affect the dependence of the boundary layer thickness on the filler’s volume fraction. However, with an increase in the degree of surface development, the boundary layer thickness decreases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fundamentals in Polymers Revealed by Non-destructive Methods)
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17 pages, 5953 KiB  
Article
A Morphology-Based Model to Describe the Low-Temperature Impact Behaviour of Rubber-Toughened Polypropylene
by Rudy Deblieck, Klaas Remerie, Winke Van den Fonteyne and Mark Boerakker
Polymers 2021, 13(13), 2218; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13132218 - 5 Jul 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3251
Abstract
The roles of the rubber particle size, the rubber particle size distribution and the constitutive behaviour of the isotactic polypropylene matrix have been studied by combining the Lazerri–Bucknall energy criterion for cavitation with the Van der Sanden–Meier–Tervoort ligament model adapted for impact conditions. [...] Read more.
The roles of the rubber particle size, the rubber particle size distribution and the constitutive behaviour of the isotactic polypropylene matrix have been studied by combining the Lazerri–Bucknall energy criterion for cavitation with the Van der Sanden–Meier–Tervoort ligament model adapted for impact conditions. It is concluded that an optimised morphology offers great potential to achieve enhanced mechanical properties with far less rubber and hence achieve a superior stiffness/toughness/processing balance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fundamentals in Polymers Revealed by Non-destructive Methods)
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22 pages, 4646 KiB  
Article
Characteristics of Poly(vinyl Alcohol) (PVA) Based Composites Integrated with Green Synthesized Al3+-Metal Complex: Structural, Optical, and Localized Density of State Analysis
by Shujahadeen B. Aziz, Muaffaq M. Nofal, Hewa O. Ghareeb, Elham M. A. Dannoun, Sarkawt A. Hussen, Jihad M. Hadi, Khayal K. Ahmed and Ahang M. Hussein
Polymers 2021, 13(8), 1316; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13081316 - 16 Apr 2021
Cited by 53 | Viewed by 3704
Abstract
The influence of dispersing Al-metal complex on the optical properties of PVA was investigated using UV–visible spectroscopy. Polymer composite films with various Al3+-complex amounts in the PVA matrix were arranged by solution casting technique by means of distilled water as a [...] Read more.
The influence of dispersing Al-metal complex on the optical properties of PVA was investigated using UV–visible spectroscopy. Polymer composite films with various Al3+-complex amounts in the PVA matrix were arranged by solution casting technique by means of distilled water as a widespread solvent. The formation of Al3+-metal complex was verified through Ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) examinations. The addition of Al-complex into the polymer matrix led to the recovery of the optical parameters such as dielectric constant (εr and εi) and refractive index (n). The variations of real and imaginary parts of complex dielectric constant as a function of photon wavelength were studied to calculate localized charge density values (N/m*), high-frequency dielectric constant, relaxation time, optical mobility, optical resistivity, and plasma angular frequency (ωp) of electrons. In proportion with Al3+-complex content, the N/m* values were amplified from 3.68 × 1055 kg−1 m−3 to 109 × 1055 kg−1 m−3. The study of optical parameters may find applications within optical instrument manufacturing. The optical band gap was determined from Tauc’s equation, and the type of electronic transition was specified. A remarkable drop in the optical band gap was observed. The dispersion of static refractive index (no) of the prepared composites was analyzed using the theoretical Wemple–DiDomenico single oscillator model. The average oscillator energy (Eo) and oscillator dispersion energy (Ed) parameters were estimated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fundamentals in Polymers Revealed by Non-destructive Methods)
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18 pages, 3199 KiB  
Article
Effect of the Strain Rate on Damage in Filled EPDM during Single and Cyclic Loadings
by Nicolas Candau, Oguzhan Oguz, Edith Peuvrel-Disdier, Jean-Luc Bouvard, María Lluïsa Maspoch, Guillaume Corvec, Christophe Pradille and Noëlle Billon
Polymers 2020, 12(12), 3021; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12123021 - 17 Dec 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3025
Abstract
The effect of the strain rate on damage in carbon black filled Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer rubber (EPDM)stretched during single and multiple uniaxial loading is investigated. This has been performed by analyzing the stress–strain response, the evolution of damage by Digital Image Correlation [...] Read more.
The effect of the strain rate on damage in carbon black filled Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer rubber (EPDM)stretched during single and multiple uniaxial loading is investigated. This has been performed by analyzing the stress–strain response, the evolution of damage by Digital Image Correlation (DIC), the associated dissipative heat source by InfraRed thermography (IR), and the chains network damage by swelling. The strain rates were selected to cover the transition from quasi-static to medium strain rate conditions. In single loading conditions, the increase of the strain rate yields in a preferential damage of the filler network while the rubber network is preserved. Such damage is accompanied by a stress softening and an adiabatic heat source rise. Conversely, increasing the strain rate in cyclic loading conditions yields in a filler network accommodation and a high self-heating whose combined effect is proposed as a possible cause of the ability of filled EPDM to limit damage by reducing cavities opening during loading, and favoring cavities closing upon unloading. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fundamentals in Polymers Revealed by Non-destructive Methods)
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