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Remote Sensing Approaches for the Detection and Analysis in Coastal and River Delta Regions

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Remote Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 7525

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Qing Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
Interests: synthetic aperture radar remote sensing
Dr. Antonio Pepe

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
IREA-CNR, 80124 Napoli, Italy
Interests: geodesy; deformation; InSAR; phase unwrapping; SBAS; synthetic aperture RADAR interferometry techniques; multi-track; satellite constellations
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Fusun Balik Sanli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Geomatic Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34210, Turkey
Interests: GIS; optical remote sensing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Jiayi Pan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
Interests: coastal and lake remote sensing; coastal ocean dynamics; marine remote sensing physics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The exploitation of Earth observation (EO) methodologies presently represents a common practice in the scientific community. Of great interest is the development and application of remote sensing techniques for the detection of environmental changes of coastal regions, which are the location of large population centers; have multiple uses, needs and opportunities; and are particularly exposed to extreme events and climate change. Coastal zones are thus essential for the socio-economic well-being of many nations. The combined effects of sea level rise (SLR), tidal evolution, modulated ocean currents and extreme events can have numerous impacts on coastal, river delta, and inland water zones. Among the impacted sectors is water management, which in turn leads to cascading and unpredictable impacts on other sectors.

Remote sensing (RS) technologies can measure and map the long-term evolution of coastal and deltaic environments, providing updated information on environmental variations, assessing hazards and risks, and understanding the relevant mechanisms. The use of optical, SAR, and hyper-spectral data products are fostered. Many new RS satellite programs are being scheduled and deployed, and many new methods are being developed in concert. Constellations of satellite sensors working from microwave to optical wavelengths are systematically used to monitor the changes. In the application of newly developed RS technologies, emphasis has been placed on studying various disaster risks that affect coastal, river delta, and megacity areas, and their cascading and unpredictable impacts. The current stage of remote sensing approaches employed to study coastal and delta river regions will be demonstrated.

This Special Issue is open to all researchers. Papers are solicited on the following general themes:

  • Study of ground deformation in coastal/deltaic regions with conventional and novel remote sensing approaches;
  • Microwave remote sensing applications: new instruments and acquisition modes;
  • The potential of new-generation SAR instruments onboard principal spaceborne platforms;
  • Development of novel change detection methods, with emphasis on urbanized areas;
  • Study of the interactions between ocean currents and coasts, such as coastal erosion, using high-resolution optical and radar satellite images;
  • Assessing sea-level-rise (SLR), tidal evolution, and hydrogeological risks in urban coastal areas;
  • Study the interactions between inland water bodies and its connecting rivers;
  • Study atmosphere/surface interactions;
  • Development of methods to integrate satellite- and ground-based radar systems to monitor public infrastructures;
  • Development of interactive maps of coastal, urban, and inland zones susceptible to primary and secondary risks via GIS.

Original research articles and review papers are expected.

Dr. Qing Zhao
Dr. Antonio Pepe
Prof. Dr. Fusun Balik Sanli
Prof. Dr. Jiayi Pan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • earth observation
  • remote sensing
  • river delta
  • coastal regions
  • disaster risk assessment

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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20 pages, 14849 KiB  
Article
Comparison of the Impacts of Sea Surface Temperature in the Western Pacific and Indian Ocean on the Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone and Water Vapor in the Upper Troposphere
by Luyao Chao, Hongying Tian, Xiaoxu Tu, Jiaying Jiang and Kailong Shen
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(16), 2922; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16162922 - 9 Aug 2024
Viewed by 883
Abstract
The variation in the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone (ASMA) has long been of interest due to its effects on the weather and climate, as well as the vertical transport of pollutants in South Asia and East Asia. This study employs composite analysis to [...] Read more.
The variation in the Asian summer monsoon anticyclone (ASMA) has long been of interest due to its effects on the weather and climate, as well as the vertical transport of pollutants in South Asia and East Asia. This study employs composite analysis to investigate the differences in the influences of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Western Pacific (WP) and the Indian Ocean (IO) on the ASMA and water vapor in the upper troposphere during summer. The underlying physical mechanisms were further explored. The results indicate that the warm SSTs in the WP have a greater impact on the intensity of the ASMA than those in the IO in summer. On the contrary, the cold SSTs in the IO have a greater impact on intensity of the ASMA than those in the WP in summer. The difference in the impact of SSTs in the WP and IO on the boundaries of the ASMA is relatively small. During positive SST anomalies in the WP, the increase in tropospheric temperature in South Asia and the strengthening of Walker circulation in the WP both contribute to the enhancement of the ASMA. The variations in tropospheric temperature and Walker circulation caused by positive SST anomalies in the IO are similar to those in the WP, except that the rising branch of the Walker circulation is located in the central and western IO. The decrease in SST in the WP region causes insignificant changes in the ASMA. During the cold SST period in the IO, the significant decrease in tropospheric temperature and the weakening of the Walker circulation in the IO region lead to a significant decrease in the intensity of the ASMA at the southern ASMA. When the SST in the WP and IO regions is warmer, the high value centers of water vapor in the troposphere generally coincide with the high value centers of temperature, accompanied by enhanced convection, significantly increasing the water vapor south of the ASMA. The anomalous sinking movement in the Western Pacific leads to relatively small changes in water vapor from the near-surface to 150 hPa over the southeast of the ASMA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing Approaches for the Detection and Analysis in Coastal and River Delta Regions)
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17 pages, 11324 KiB  
Article
Detecting the Effects of Extreme Events on Estuarine Suspended Particulate Matter Using Satellite Remote Sensing (Scheldt Estuary): Challenges and Opportunities
by Juliana Tavora, Mhd. Suhyb Salama, Marloes Penning de Vries, Chris M. Mannaerts and Daphne van der Wal
Remote Sens. 2023, 15(3), 670; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15030670 - 23 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2654
Abstract
Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) plays an important role in controlling water quality, particularly in turbid estuaries. SPM may be impacted by changes in weather and climate, including potential changes in the frequency or intensity of extremes. Yet, the linkages between extreme events in [...] Read more.
Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) plays an important role in controlling water quality, particularly in turbid estuaries. SPM may be impacted by changes in weather and climate, including potential changes in the frequency or intensity of extremes. Yet, the linkages between extreme events in wind and river discharge, and particularly the role these have on local dynamics and spatial patterns of estuarine SPM are, to date, largely unknown. This study investigates the effects that wind and river discharge have on SPM in a turbid estuary. It uses atmospherically corrected remotely sensed reflectances from Landsat-5, -7, and -8. From these data, we establish a 37-year-long time series, from 1984 to 2020, of satellite-derived SPM for the Scheldt Estuary. SPM was estimated using an algorithm applied to the near-infrared band and subsequently compared to in situ SPM data. Additionally, a time series of river discharge and wind speed were used to assess the frequency and severity of extreme events of wind speed and river discharge. In general, statistically significant but weak relationships between SPM and river discharge and between SPM and wind speed were observed. SPM correlated with river discharge and wind in large parts of the estuary, indicating the important role of these drivers in the entire estuarine system. Our study demonstrates how synoptic satellite snapshots can be combined with in situ time series of drivers, such as river discharge and wind, to capture where these drivers relate to (and likely affect) SPM within an estuary. However, our study demonstrates an inability to capture SPM during windstorms both from in situ and satellite data. We discuss the challenges and limitations of assessing the effects of extreme events from satellite and in situ SPM. We recommend the deployment of complementary moored turbidimeters for continuous observations at two strategic locations, as indicated by our spatial study, to improve the ability to capture the effects of extreme events in both space and time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing Approaches for the Detection and Analysis in Coastal and River Delta Regions)
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17 pages, 55615 KiB  
Article
Large-Scale Land Deformation Monitoring over Southern California with Multi-Path SAR Data
by Meng Ao, Xiaotian Wang, Ying Sun, Fang Wang, Huanan Zhang, Lianhuan Wei, Shanjun Liu and Dong Yang
Remote Sens. 2023, 15(1), 143; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15010143 - 27 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2061
Abstract
Southern California, USA, has been suffering severe surface deformation due to its active crustal movement under the north–south compression of the Pacific Plate and North American Plate. Meanwhile, affected by groundwater extraction and recharge, oil exploitation, surface subsidence, uplift, and seasonal deformation occur [...] Read more.
Southern California, USA, has been suffering severe surface deformation due to its active crustal movement under the north–south compression of the Pacific Plate and North American Plate. Meanwhile, affected by groundwater extraction and recharge, oil exploitation, surface subsidence, uplift, and seasonal deformation occur commonly in this region. In this paper, multi-path SAR datasets were collected to investigate and monitor surface deformation in Southern California. The unified simultaneous least squares (USLS) approach is applied to remove the deformation discontinuity between adjacent SAR image paths. Multiple deformation patterns of structural faults, groundwater withdrawal, and oil exploitation are observed with the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique. The InSAR-derived results were validated with GPS monitoring data. The correlations between land deformation and groundwater withdrawal, faults, and precipitation were intensively analyzed, finding out and mastering the magnitude and characteristics of ground deformation in Southern California. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing Approaches for the Detection and Analysis in Coastal and River Delta Regions)
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15 pages, 10172 KiB  
Technical Note
Unraveling the Influence of Equatorial Waves on Post-Monsoon Sea Surface Salinity Anomalies in the Bay of Bengal
by Shuling Chen, Fuwen Qiu, Chunsheng Jing, Yun Qiu and Junpeng Zhang
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(8), 1348; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16081348 - 11 Apr 2024
Viewed by 961
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the connection between planetary equatorial waves, modulated by the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the interannual variabilities of the salinity distribution in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) in October–December (OND), along with [...] Read more.
In this study, we investigate the connection between planetary equatorial waves, modulated by the Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the interannual variabilities of the salinity distribution in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) in October–December (OND), along with its associated dynamics, using satellite and reanalysis datasets. In OND 2010 and 2016 (1994, 1997, 2006, and 2019), positive (negative) sea surface salinity anomalies (SSSAs) were distributed in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (EIO) and Andaman Sea. Moreover, the southward movement of negative (positive) SSSAs along the eastern Indian coast was observed. This phenomenon was caused by large-scale anomalous currents associated with zonal wind over the EIO. During OND 2010 and 2016 (1994, 1997, 2006, and 2019), due to anomalous westerlies (easterlies) over the EIO and anomalous downwelling (upwelling) Kelvin waves, the strengthened (weakened) Wyrtki jet and the basin-scale anomalous cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulation in the BoB gave rise to positive (negative) SSSAs within the eastern EIO and Andaman Sea. In addition, the intensified (weakened) eastern Indian coastal currents led to the southward movement of negative (positive) SSSAs. It is worth noting that downwelling Kelvin waves reached the western coast of India during OND 2010 and 2016, while upwelling Kelvin waves were only confined to the eastern coast of India during OND 1994, 1997, 2006, and 2019. Furthermore, westward salinity signals associated with reflected westward Rossby waves could modulate the spatial pattern of salinity. The distribution of salinity anomalies could potentially influence the formation of the barrier layer, thereby impacting the sea surface temperature variability and local convection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing Approaches for the Detection and Analysis in Coastal and River Delta Regions)
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