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Acute and Persistent Viral Infection Diseases
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Acute and Persistent Viral Infection Diseases

A special issue of Reports (ISSN 2571-841X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 2855

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Toshio Hattori

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Visiting Professor, Graduate School of Public Health, Shizuoka Graduate University of Public Health, Shizuoka 420-0881, Japan
Interests: dengue; malaria; leptospirosis; HIV; tuberculosis; inflammation; galectins; osteopontin
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

An acute virus infection typically refers to a sudden onset of symptoms caused by a viral agent. These symptoms can vary widely depending on the specific virus but often include fever, fatigue, muscle aches, respiratory issues, gastrointestinal problems, skin rashes, and general malaise based on inflammation.

In contrast, a persistent virus infection is characterized by the virus establishing a foothold in the body and continuing to replicate and cause symptoms over an extended period. These symptoms of persistent virus infection can vary depending on the virus involved and the individual’s immune response but may induce recurrent illness.

Examples of viruses that cause acute or persistent infections include SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, hepatitis virus, human papillomavirus, herpes simplex virus, EB virus, and HIV. Various viruses other than those shown here are pathogenic. This Special Issue focuses on acute and persistent virus infections and explores their symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment.

Prof. Dr. Toshio Hattori
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Reports is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • RNA virus
  • DNA virus
  • inflammation
  • complications
  • COVID-19

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 958 KiB  
Article
Association of SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity with Persistent Immune Activation in HIV/Tuberculosis Co-Infected Patients
by Ashwini Shete, Manisha Ghate, Hiroko Iwasaki-Hozumi, Sandip Patil, Pallavi Shidhaye, Takashi Matsuba, Gaowa Bai, Pratiksha Pharande and Toshio Hattori
Reports 2024, 7(3), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/reports7030061 - 29 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1179
Abstract
We asked if SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in HIV/TB co-infected patients plays a role in precipitating active tuberculosis in HIV-infected individuals and alters inflammatory status. A prospective study was conducted on HIV/TB co-infected patients presenting with pulmonary (n = 20) or extrapulmonary (n [...] Read more.
We asked if SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in HIV/TB co-infected patients plays a role in precipitating active tuberculosis in HIV-infected individuals and alters inflammatory status. A prospective study was conducted on HIV/TB co-infected patients presenting with pulmonary (n = 20) or extrapulmonary (n = 12) tuberculosis. Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG kits assessed the presence of anti-nucleoprotein antibodies. Inflammatory markers viz. osteopontin, total and full-length galectin-9, and C-reactive protein were tested at baseline and the end of antituberculosis treatment. The inflammatory score (INS) was assessed based on the percentage of reduction in the inflammatory markers’ levels at the end of the treatment. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in five male patients diagnosed with pulmonary (n = 2) and extrapulmonary (n = 3) TB. None of them reported symptomatic COVID-19. Inflammatory marker levels did not differ significantly at baseline compared to those in seronegative patients. However, the INS correlated negatively with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity (r = −0.386, p = 0.039), indicating persistently raised inflammatory markers in these patients at the end of the treatment compared to seronegative individuals. Among the four markers studied, total galectin-9 levels failed to decrease significantly in these patients (p = 0.030). The majority of HIV/TB co-infected patients enrolled in our study (84.5%) were SARS-CoV-2-seronegative, indicating that SARS-CoV-2 infection might not have played a role in precipitating TB reactivation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acute and Persistent Viral Infection Diseases)
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9 pages, 408 KiB  
Article
Drug–Drug Interactions of Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine in Older Patients with COVID-19 during the First Pandemic Waves: The GeroCovid Observational Study
by Caterina Trevisan, Andrea Cignarella, Andrea Grandieri, Giuseppe Sergi, Stefano Fumagalli, Fabio Monzani, Chukwuma Okoye, Giuseppe Bellelli, Alba Malara, Pietro Gareri, Stefano Volpato, Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi and The GeroCovid Acute Ward Working Group
Reports 2024, 7(2), 42; https://doi.org/10.3390/reports7020042 - 23 May 2024
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Abstract
Objective: Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were used as off-label treatments for SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first pandemic waves. The urgency of combatting COVID-19 led to the dissemination of medical recommendations with a scarce awareness of possible drug–drug interactions. This issue primarily concerned [...] Read more.
Objective: Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) were used as off-label treatments for SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first pandemic waves. The urgency of combatting COVID-19 led to the dissemination of medical recommendations with a scarce awareness of possible drug–drug interactions. This issue primarily concerned people already taking multiple medications, such as older individuals. We estimated the prevalence of drug interactions with CQ or HCQ in COVID-19 inpatients during the first pandemic waves and their possible association with hospitalization-related outcomes. Methods: This study considers 487 patients aged ≥60, hospitalized for COVID-19 from March to December 2020, and treated with CQ or HCQ. Data on acute and chronic therapies and hospitalization length and outcomes were derived from medical records. The presence of drugs potentially interacting with CQ and HCQ was identified based on published literature and drug databases. Results: In our sample (mean age 77.1 years, 47.8% females), 255 (52.4%) patients presented with one drug interaction with CQ or HCQ, and 114 (23.4%) had more than two interactions. The most frequent drugs potentially interacting with CQ or HCQ were lopinavir/ritonavir (50.4%), azithromycin (47.2%), tocilizumab (15.4%), levofloxacin (8.7%), clarithromycin (6.0%), amlodipine (3.3%), and trazodone (2.4%). No substantial differences in the duration and outcomes of the hospitalization emerged as a function of the presence of drug–drug interactions. Conclusions: Many older patients prescribed with CQ or HCQ, which have lately proved ineffective against COVID-19, were exposed to the risk of drug–drug interaction. This underlines that medical recommendations should undergo careful peer review before being widely disseminated, even in emergencies like a pandemic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acute and Persistent Viral Infection Diseases)
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