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Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Antennas Design for Sensing Applications
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Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Antennas Design for Sensing Applications

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2025 | Viewed by 5038

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Salam Khamas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4AE, UK
Interests: computational electromagnetics; dielectric resonator antennas; mm-Wave and THz communications; plasmonic antennas
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Advanced Communication Engineering (ACE) Centre of Excellence, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
Interests: mmWave antenna design; MIMO; mutual coupling; OAM antenna; 5G and beyond antenna design
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As a key part of wireless communication systems, antenna performance can affect the connectivity of wireless communication. Therefore, novel approaches are needed to design more advanced antennas to adapt to the changing standards of wireless communication systems.

In order to meet the demands of increased data rates with low latency as well as wide coverage, 5G communication systems use both microwave and millimeter wave bands. Although some microwave and millimeter wave antenna design techniques, such as antenna miniaturization, array optimization, and bandwidth enhancement, have been extensively studied in the past,, due to the size and geometry of the antenna, this research is more limited in small devices. New microwave and millimeter wave antenna technologies need to be sought to meet the standards of future 5G and 6G communication systems.

This Special Issue will focus on the advanced research of antenna design for microwave and millimeter-wave sensing applications. Researchers are welcome to publish original research on the latest findings related to design methods of antennas such as (not an exhaustive list):

  • Antenna arrays and beamforming;
  • Millimeter-wave antennas;
  • Manufacturing error characterization;
  • Metasurface-based antennas;
  • On-chip antennas;
  • Antenna in package;
  • Antenna malnutrition;
  • Antenna optimization;
  • Body area networks;
  • Novel fabrication techniques.

Dr. Salam Khamas
Dr. Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 4946 KiB  
Article
Directivity Improved Antenna with a Planar Dielectric Lens for Reducing the Physical Size of the On-Vehicle Communication System
by Seongbu Seo, Woogon Kim, Hongsik Park, Yejune Seo, Dohyun Park, Hyoungjong Kim, Kwonhee Lee, Hosub Lee and Sungtek Kahng
Sensors 2024, 24(21), 6831; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24216831 - 24 Oct 2024
Viewed by 968
Abstract
As the physical size of a communication system for satellites or unmanned aerial vehicles demands to be reduced, a compact antenna with high directivity is proposed as a core element essential to the wireless device. Instead of using a horn or an array [...] Read more.
As the physical size of a communication system for satellites or unmanned aerial vehicles demands to be reduced, a compact antenna with high directivity is proposed as a core element essential to the wireless device. Instead of using a horn or an array antenna, a unit planar antenna is combined with a surface-modulated lens to convert a low antenna gain to a high antenna gain. The lens is not a metal-patterned PCB but is dielectric, which is neither curved nor very wide. This palm-sized lens comprises pixels with different heights from the backside of PolyPhenylene Sulfide (PPS) as the dielectric base. The antenna gain from the unit antenna of 4.5 cm × 4.5 cm is enhanced by 10 dB with the help of a compact dielectric lens of 7.5 cm × 7.5 cm at 24.5 GHz as the frequency of interest. The antenna design is verified by far-field measurement as well as near-field observation, including sensing a metal object behind a blocking wall by using an RF test bench. Moreover, antenna performance is understood by making a comparison with conventional designs of antennas in terms of directivity and physical sizes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Antennas Design for Sensing Applications)
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21 pages, 591 KiB  
Article
Surrogate-Assisted Differential Evolution for the Design of Multimode Resonator Topology
by Vladimir Stanovov, Sergey Khodenkov, Sergey Gorbunov, Ivan Rozhnov and Lev Kazakovtsev
Sensors 2024, 24(15), 5057; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24155057 - 5 Aug 2024
Viewed by 768
Abstract
The microstrip devices based on multimode resonators represent a class of electromagnetic microwave devices, promising use in tropospheric communication, radar, and navigation systems. The design of wideband bandpass filters, diplexers, and multiplexers with required frequency-selective properties, i.e., bandpass filters, is a complex problem, [...] Read more.
The microstrip devices based on multimode resonators represent a class of electromagnetic microwave devices, promising use in tropospheric communication, radar, and navigation systems. The design of wideband bandpass filters, diplexers, and multiplexers with required frequency-selective properties, i.e., bandpass filters, is a complex problem, as electrodynamic modeling is a time-consuming and computationally intensive process. Various planar microstrip resonator topologies can be developed, differing in their topology type, and the search for high-quality structures with unique frequency-selective properties is an important research direction. In this study, we propose an approach for performing an automated search for multimode resonators’ conductor topology parameters using a combination of evolutionary computation approach and surrogate modeling. In particular, a variant of differential evolution optimizer is applied, and the model of the target function landscape is built using Gaussian processes. At every iteration of the algorithm, the model is used to search for new high-quality solutions. In addition, a general approach for target function formulation is presented and applied in the proposed approach. The experiments with two microwave filters have demonstrated that the proposed algorithm is capable of solving the problem of tuning two types of topologies, namely three-mode resonators and six-mode resonators, to the required parameters, and the application of surrogated-assisted algorithm has significantly improved overall performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Antennas Design for Sensing Applications)
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21 pages, 5514 KiB  
Article
Antenna Integration for Millimeter-Wave RF Sensing and Millimeter-Wave Communication Mountable on a Platform
by Jaewon Koh, Hongsik Park, Woogon Kim, Seongbu Seo, Yejune Seo and Sungtek Kahng
Sensors 2024, 24(15), 4838; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24154838 - 25 Jul 2024
Viewed by 867
Abstract
An array antenna for millimeter-wave communication and an array antenna for millimeter-wave sensing are designed and put together into one structure. Because millimeter-wave signals become weaker fast with the increasing distance and any kind of error in the required functions of the antenna [...] Read more.
An array antenna for millimeter-wave communication and an array antenna for millimeter-wave sensing are designed and put together into one structure. Because millimeter-wave signals become weaker fast with the increasing distance and any kind of error in the required functions of the antenna has to be minimized, pointing error from the target direction should be prevented. The device is a millimeter-wave sensing antenna with high directivity to check the straight link between the TX and RX sides of wireless communication. A 24 GHz 8-by-16 array antenna which generates stronger signals for sensing resolves the drawback of a 28 GHz 1-by-4 array antenna that is commonly seen in 5G wireless terminals. The sensing and communication antennas are integrated as a planar structure mountable on platforms, which is investigated with regard to forming wireless links over a distance of several meters with an input power of less than 0 dBm. Additionally, in the event of a reflecting surface disturbing the straight path and worsening the pointing error in RF signal transfer, the dual-capability of the combination is presented on the basis of intuitive electromagnetic experiments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Antennas Design for Sensing Applications)
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14 pages, 9565 KiB  
Article
An Integrated Method for Microwave Absorption and External Thermal Flow Simulation in SAR Antenna Vacuum Thermal Tests
by Shangjie Pan, Yuchang Zhang, Chun Liu, Wanqing An and Yu Zhang
Sensors 2024, 24(12), 3920; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123920 - 17 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 630
Abstract
The simulation of microwave absorption and external thermal flow is an essential aspect of the vacuum thermal testing process for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) antenna. This paper proposes a novel integrated method for simulating microwave absorption and external thermal flow, specifically designed for [...] Read more.
The simulation of microwave absorption and external thermal flow is an essential aspect of the vacuum thermal testing process for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) antenna. This paper proposes a novel integrated method for simulating microwave absorption and external thermal flow, specifically designed for vacuum thermal testing. The method employs a non-woven fabric square pyramid assembly as the primary structure to establish a low electromagnetic scattering environment. External heat flow simulation is achieved by arranging carbon fiber heating wires between square cones. Through numerical analysis and experimental tests, the influence of the position of the carbon fiber heating wire on the uniformity of heat flow and reflectivity was revealed. A prototype system is developed based on these findings. The external thermal flow is adjustable in the range of 80–550 W/m2, with a uniformity better than 5%. The reflectivity in the L to X microwave frequency band is basically better than −25 dB, and in local frequency bands, it is better than −30 dB. The system has been successfully applied in SAR antenna component and satellite vacuum thermal tests, meeting all ground simulation test requirements and exhibiting significant potential for widespread application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Antennas Design for Sensing Applications)
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21 pages, 6568 KiB  
Article
Cost-Effective Design of Polarization and Bandwidth Reconfigurable Millimeter-Wave Loop Antenna
by Rawad Asfour, Salam K. Khamas and Edward A. Ball
Sensors 2023, 23(24), 9628; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23249628 - 5 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1278
Abstract
A singly fed reconfigurable circular loop antenna is proposed for millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication systems. This antenna’s distinctive feature lies in its capacity to adjust both polarization and bandwidth characteristics, a capability made possible by the strategic integration of two PIN diodes. These diodes [...] Read more.
A singly fed reconfigurable circular loop antenna is proposed for millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication systems. This antenna’s distinctive feature lies in its capacity to adjust both polarization and bandwidth characteristics, a capability made possible by the strategic integration of two PIN diodes. These diodes are engineered to function in various modes, allowing for three distinct polarization states and accommodating two distinct bandwidths. A meticulous alignment of these PIN diodes enables the utilization of a single DC bias network as a highly effective RF choke, which simplifies the design and reduces the associated losses. Additionally, a planar biasing network that consists of coplanar strip-lines (CPS) has been employed eliminating the need for lumped elements. The simple and totally planar configuration offers a choice of right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) radiation or left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) radiation at 28 GHz. This is accompanied by impedance matching and axial ratio (AR) bandwidths of 12.9% and 8%, respectively, over the same frequency range with a gain of 7.5 dBic. Moreover, when the PIN diodes are unbiased, the antenna offers linear polarization (LP) over two narrow bandwidths at 27 GHz and 29 GHz featuring a maximum gain of 7.2 dBic. Therefore, the proposed configuration offers three operating modes: wide-band RHCP, wide-band-LHCP, and LP over dual narrow bands. Significantly, simulated results closely align with the measured outcomes, affirming the robustness and accuracy of this design. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Antennas Design for Sensing Applications)
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