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Recent Innovations in Electrochemical Biosensors
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Recent Innovations in Electrochemical Biosensors

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 February 2025 | Viewed by 6556

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Sundaram Gunasekaran

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 231 Agricultural Engineering Building, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, USA
Interests: design and development of electrochemical immunosensor for targeting melanoma biomarkers; synthesis of nanoparticles and nanostructure and their properties; sensors that can detect single biomolecules and toxic substances
Prof. Dr. Ashok Kumar Sundramoorthy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Prosthodontics and Material Science, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical And Technical Sciences, Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
Interests: biosensors; wearable electronics; biomaterials; green synthesis; nanomaterials for biomedical applications

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Following the commercial success of glucose biosensors, researchers have attempted to develop highly selective, rapid, and disposable point-of-care devices (POCs) to identify various diseases in humans. This has encouraged the utilization of various new materials (0D, 1D, 2D, 3D & 4D nanomaterials) and their composites for the functionalization of the modified sensor with a specific bio-recognition element that targets the particular analyte in the sample. In addition, researchers are also proposing the use of non-enzymatic sensors in various applications due to their cost-effectiveness and high stability. This Special Issue aims to design and highlight the promising (bio) sensors developed for use in real-world applications with the possibility of commercial values. We invite scholars in the field to submit contributions on the following topics related to electrochemical analytical methods.

Prof. Dr. Sundaram Gunasekaran
Prof. Dr. Ashok Kumar Sundramoorthy
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Biosensors of cancer cell detection
  • Biosensors for virus detection
  • Sensors for food pathogens, toxins, contaminations, etc.
  • Non-enzymatic sensors
  • Modified screen-printed electrodes for electroanalysis
  • Paper based (bio)sensors for medical, environmental, food quality, etc.
  • Biosensors for implants
  • Wearable biosensors

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 4230 KiB  
Article
Vertical Microfluidic Trapping System for Capturing and Simultaneous Electrochemical Detection of Cells
by Lilia Bató and Péter Fürjes
Sensors 2024, 24(20), 6638; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24206638 - 15 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1898
Abstract
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a non-invasive and label-free method widely used for characterizing cell cultures and monitoring their structure, behavior, proliferation and viability. Microfluidic systems are often used in combination with EIS methods utilizing small dimensions, controllable physicochemical microenvironments and offering rapid [...] Read more.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a non-invasive and label-free method widely used for characterizing cell cultures and monitoring their structure, behavior, proliferation and viability. Microfluidic systems are often used in combination with EIS methods utilizing small dimensions, controllable physicochemical microenvironments and offering rapid real-time measurements. In this work, an electrode array capable of conducting EIS measurements was integrated into a multichannel microfluidic chip which is able to trap individual cells or cell populations in specially designed channels comparable to the size of cells. An application-specific printed circuit board (PCB) was designed for the implementation of the impedance measurement in order to facilitate connection with the device used for taking EIS spectra and for selecting the channels to be measured. The PCB was designed in consideration of the optical screening of trapped cells in parallel with the EIS measurements which allows the comparison of EIS data with optical signals. With continuous EIS measurement, the filling of channels with cell suspension can be followed. Yeast cells were trapped in the microfluidic system and EIS spectra were recorded considering each individual channel, which allows differentiating between the number of trapped cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Innovations in Electrochemical Biosensors)
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18 pages, 5507 KiB  
Article
Microfibrous Carbon Paper Decorated with High-Density Manganese Dioxide Nanorods: An Electrochemical Nonenzymatic Platform of Glucose Sensing
by Khawtar Hasan Ahmed and Mohamed Mohamedi
Sensors 2024, 24(18), 5864; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24185864 - 10 Sep 2024
Viewed by 701
Abstract
Nanorod structures exhibit a high surface-to-volume ratio, enhancing the accessibility of electrolyte ions to the electrode surface and providing an abundance of active sites for improved electrochemical sensing performance. In this study, tetragonal α-MnO2 with a large K+-embedded tunnel structure, [...] Read more.
Nanorod structures exhibit a high surface-to-volume ratio, enhancing the accessibility of electrolyte ions to the electrode surface and providing an abundance of active sites for improved electrochemical sensing performance. In this study, tetragonal α-MnO2 with a large K+-embedded tunnel structure, directly grown on microfibrous carbon paper to form densely packed nanorod arrays, is investigated as an electrocatalytic material for non-enzymatic glucose sensing. The MnO2 nanorods electrode demonstrates outstanding catalytic activity for glucose oxidation, showcasing a high sensitivity of 143.82 µA cm−2 mM−1 within the linear range from 0.01 to 15 mM, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.282 mM specifically for glucose molecules. Importantly, the MnO2 nanorods electrode exhibits excellent selectivity towards glucose over ascorbic acid and uric acid, which is crucial for accurate glucose detection in complex samples. For comparison, a gold electrode shows a lower sensitivity of 52.48 µA cm−2 mM−1 within a linear range from 1 to 10 mM. These findings underscore the superior performance of the MnO2 nanorods electrode in both sensitivity and selectivity, offering significant potential for advancing electrochemical sensors and bioanalytical techniques for glucose monitoring in physiological and clinical settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Innovations in Electrochemical Biosensors)
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13 pages, 1365 KiB  
Article
Engineering the Signal Resolution of a Paper-Based Cell-Free Glutamine Biosensor with Genetic Engineering, Metabolic Engineering, and Process Optimization
by Tyler J. Free, Joseph P. Talley, Chad D. Hyer, Catherine J. Miller, Joel S. Griffitts and Bradley C. Bundy
Sensors 2024, 24(10), 3073; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24103073 - 12 May 2024
Viewed by 1559
Abstract
Specialized cancer treatments have the potential to exploit glutamine dependence to increase patient survival rates. Glutamine diagnostics capable of tracking a patient’s response to treatment would enable a personalized treatment dosage to optimize the tradeoff between treatment success and dangerous side effects. Current [...] Read more.
Specialized cancer treatments have the potential to exploit glutamine dependence to increase patient survival rates. Glutamine diagnostics capable of tracking a patient’s response to treatment would enable a personalized treatment dosage to optimize the tradeoff between treatment success and dangerous side effects. Current clinical glutamine testing requires sophisticated and expensive lab-based tests, which are not broadly available on a frequent, individualized basis. To address the need for a low-cost, portable glutamine diagnostic, this work engineers a cell-free glutamine biosensor to overcome assay background and signal-to-noise limitations evident in previously reported studies. The findings from this work culminate in the development of a shelf-stable, paper-based, colorimetric glutamine test with a high signal strength and a high signal-to-background ratio for dramatically improved signal resolution. While the engineered glutamine test is important progress towards improving the management of cancer and other health conditions, this work also expands the assay development field of the promising cell-free biosensing platform, which can facilitate the low-cost detection of a broad variety of target molecules with high clinical value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Innovations in Electrochemical Biosensors)
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20 pages, 6327 KiB  
Article
Using Sparfloxacin-Capped Gold Nanoparticles to Modify a Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode Sensor for Ethanol Determination
by Vasanth Magesh, Vishaka S. Kothari, Dhanraj Ganapathy, Raji Atchudan, Sandeep Arya, Deepak Nallaswamy and Ashok K. Sundramoorthy
Sensors 2023, 23(19), 8201; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23198201 - 30 Sep 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1792
Abstract
Alcohol is a dangerous substance causing global mortality and health issues, including mental health problems. Regular alcohol consumption can lead to depression, anxiety, cognitive decline, and increased risk of alcohol-related disorders. Thus, monitoring ethanol levels in biological samples could contribute to maintaining good [...] Read more.
Alcohol is a dangerous substance causing global mortality and health issues, including mental health problems. Regular alcohol consumption can lead to depression, anxiety, cognitive decline, and increased risk of alcohol-related disorders. Thus, monitoring ethanol levels in biological samples could contribute to maintaining good health. Herein, we developed an electrochemical sensor for the determination of ethanol in human salivary samples. Initially, the tetra-chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) was chemically reduced using sparfloxacin (Sp) which also served as a stabilizing agent for the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). As-prepared Sp-AuNPs were comprehensively characterized and confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and elemental mapping analysis. The average particle size (~25 nm) and surface charge (negative) of Sp-AuNPs were determined by using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Zeta potential measurements. An activated screen-printed carbon electrode (A-SPE) was modified using Sp-AuNPs dispersion, which exhibited greater electrocatalytic activity and sensitivity for ethanol (EtOH) oxidation in 0.1 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). DPV showed a linear response for EtOH from 25 µM to 350 µM with the lowest limit of detection (LOD) of 0.55 µM. Reproducibility and repeatability studies revealed that the Sp-AuNPs/A-SPEs were highly stable and very sensitive to EtOH detection. Additionally, the successful electrochemical determination of EtOH in a saliva sample was carried out. The recovery rate of EtOH spiked in the saliva sample was found to be 99.6%. Thus, the incorporation of Sp-AuNPs within sensors could provide new possibilities in the development of ethanol sensors with an improved level of precision and accuracy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Innovations in Electrochemical Biosensors)
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