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Recent Advances in LiDAR Sensor

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 May 2025 | Viewed by 1329

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Interests: CMOS analogue integrated circuit designs for the applications of high-speed optical interconnects; silicon photonics; LiDAR sensors
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors have been very popular for various applications including advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs), autonomous vehicles, robots, drones, mobile phones, remote sensing systems, security systems, terrain surveying and mapping systems, and indoor-monitoring elder-care systems. In particular, cost-effective and compact LiDAR sensors have become very crucial for the development of advanced sensor systems in urgent-demand applications. However, current LiDAR sensors mandate a mechanical scanner and thus can hardly satisfy their stringent requirements. Therefore, solid-state LiDAR sensors based on advanced semiconductors have recently been paid a great deal of attention as a potential solution.

For the realization of advanced solid-state LiDAR sensors, single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) and avalanche photodiodes (APDs) based on CMOS technologies are considered to be the most crucial devices as long as they can detect very low-intensity signals and provide cost effectiveness and high-volume manufacturing as a universal platform. Furthermore, recent advances in the fields of CMOS technologies can certainly facilitate the realization and development of cost-effective and compact solid-state LiDAR sensors.

Hence, the goal of this Special Issue is to invite the submission of high-quality, state-of-the-art research articles that deal with challenging issues in LiDAR sensors. We solicit original papers of unpublished and completed research that are not currently under review elsewhere. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Single-photon avalanche photodiodes (SPADs) in CMOS technologies;
  • Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) in CMOS technologies;
  • Simulation and modeling of SPADs/APDs;
  • Analog front-end (AFE) circuits for LiDAR sensors;
  • Readout integrated circuits (ROICs) for LiDAR sensors;
  • Solid-state LiDAR sensors.

Prof. Dr. Sung Min Park
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • single-photon avalanche photodiodes (SPADs)
  • avalanche photodiodes (APDs)
  • analog front-end (AFE) circuits
  • readout integrated circuits (ROICs)
  • solid-state LiDAR sensors

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 6903 KiB  
Article
Inverse-Designed Ultra-Compact Passive Phase Shifters for High-Performance Beam Steering
by Tianyang Fu, Mengfan Chu, Ke Jin, Honghan Sha, Xin Yan, Xueguang Yuan, Yang’an Zhang, Jinnan Zhang and Xia Zhang
Sensors 2024, 24(21), 7055; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24217055 - 1 Nov 2024
Viewed by 569
Abstract
Ultra-compact passive phase shifters are inversely designed by the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm. The wavelength-dependent phase difference between two output beams originates from the different distances of the input light passing through the 4 μm × 3.2 μm rectangular waveguide with random-distributed [...] Read more.
Ultra-compact passive phase shifters are inversely designed by the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm. The wavelength-dependent phase difference between two output beams originates from the different distances of the input light passing through the 4 μm × 3.2 μm rectangular waveguide with random-distributed air-hole arrays. As the wavelength changes from 1535 to 1565 nm, a phase difference tuning range of 6.26 rad and 6.95 rad is obtained for TE and TM modes, respectively. Compared with the array waveguide grating counterpart, the phase shifters exhibit higher transmission with a much smaller footprint. By combining the inverse-designed phase shifter and random-grating emitter together, integrated beam-steering structures are built, which show a large scanning range of ±25.47° and ±27.85° in the lateral direction for TE and TM mode, respectively. This work may pave the way for the development of ultra-compact high-performance optical phased array LiDARs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in LiDAR Sensor)
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13 pages, 7469 KiB  
Article
An 8 × 8 CMOS Optoelectronic Readout Array of Short-Range LiDAR Sensors
by Yeojin Chon, Shinhae Choi, Jieun Joo and Sung-Min Park
Sensors 2024, 24(20), 6686; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24206686 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 588
Abstract
This paper presents an 8 × 8 channel optoelectronic readout array (ORA) realized in the TSMC 180 nm 1P6M RF CMOS process for the applications of short-range light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors. We propose several circuit techniques in this work, including an [...] Read more.
This paper presents an 8 × 8 channel optoelectronic readout array (ORA) realized in the TSMC 180 nm 1P6M RF CMOS process for the applications of short-range light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors. We propose several circuit techniques in this work, including an amplitude-to-voltage (A2V) converter that reduces the notorious walk errors by intensity compensation and a time-to-voltage (T2V) converter that acquires the linear slope of the output signals by exploiting a charging circuit, thus extending the input dynamic range significantly from 5 μApp to 1.1 mApp, i.e., 46.8 dB. These results correspond to the maximum detection range of 8.2 m via the action of the A2V converter and the minimum detection range of 56 cm with the aid of the proposed T2V converter. Optical measurements utilizing an 850 nm laser diode confirm that the proposed 8 × 8 ORA with 64 on-chip avalanche photodiodes (APDs) can successfully recover the narrow 5 ns light pulses even at the shortest distance of 56 cm. Hence, this work provides a potential CMOS solution for low-cost, low-power, short-range LiDAR sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in LiDAR Sensor)
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