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Field Effect Transistor (FET)-Based Biosensors
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Field Effect Transistor (FET)-Based Biosensors

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 24674

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jae-Hyuk Ahn

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electronics Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
Interests: bioelectronics; nanodevices for biomedical applications; micro/nanofabrication; device physics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the fourth industrial revolution, a biosensor consisting of a bioreceptor and transducer generates biological big data to use artificial intelligence for early diagnosis and prediction. Among many types of biosensors, field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors can provide various advantages in collecting data: label-free detection, high sensitivity, rapid analysis, and compact size. Applications of FET-based biosensors range from basic science to clinical tests. An interdisciplinary approach based on physics, chemistry, electronics, and other technologies has advanced sensing technology by solving several challenges in terms of sensitivity, limit of detection, selectivity, and stability.

The Special Issue aims to gather valuable studies regarding recent advances in FET-based biosensors. Topics include but are not limited to new structures and materials, detection principles, methods for enhancing sensitivity and selectivity, and novel applications. Both original research papers and review articles describing the current state-of-the-art in FET-based biosensors are welcome.

Dr. Jae-Hyuk Ahn
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Field-effect transistors
  • Biosensors
  • Bio-nano interface
  • Biomarkers
  • Surface functionalization
  • Lab-on-chip
  • Diagnostics
  • Point-of-care
  • Clinical applications

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2237 KiB  
Article
Surface Potential-Controlled Oscillation in FET-Based Biosensors
by Ji Hyun Kim, Seong Jun Park, Jin-Woo Han and Jae-Hyuk Ahn
Sensors 2021, 21(6), 1939; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21061939 - 10 Mar 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4084
Abstract
Field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors have garnered significant attention for their label-free electrical detection of charged biomolecules. Whereas conventional output parameters such as threshold voltage and channel current have been widely used for the detection and quantitation of analytes of interest, they require bulky [...] Read more.
Field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors have garnered significant attention for their label-free electrical detection of charged biomolecules. Whereas conventional output parameters such as threshold voltage and channel current have been widely used for the detection and quantitation of analytes of interest, they require bulky instruments and specialized readout circuits, which often limit point-of-care testing applications. In this study, we demonstrate a simple conversion method that transforms the surface potential into an oscillating signal as an output of the FET-based biosensor. The oscillation frequency is proposed as a parameter for FET-based biosensors owing to its intrinsic advantages of simple and compact implementation of readout circuits as well as high compatibility with neuromorphic applications. An extended-gate biosensor comprising an Al2O3-deposited sensing electrode and a readout transistor is connected to a ring oscillator that generates surface potential-controlled oscillation for pH sensing. Electrical measurement of the oscillation frequency as a function of pH reveals that the oscillation frequency can be used as a sensitive and reliable output parameter in FET-based biosensors for the detection of chemical and biological species. We confirmed that the oscillation frequency is directly correlated with the threshold voltage. For signal amplification, the effects of circuit parameters on pH sensitivity are investigated using different methods, including electrical measurements, analytical calculations, and circuit simulations. An Arduino board to measure the oscillation frequency is integrated with the proposed sensor to enable portable and real-time pH measurement for point-of-care testing applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Field Effect Transistor (FET)-Based Biosensors)
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16 pages, 5603 KiB  
Article
Detection of an IL-6 Biomarker Using a GFET Platform Developed with a Facile Organic Solvent-Free Aptamer Immobilization Approach
by Niazul I. Khan and Edward Song
Sensors 2021, 21(4), 1335; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041335 - 13 Feb 2021
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 7926
Abstract
Aptamer-immobilized graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) have become a well-known detection platform in the field of biosensing with various biomarkers such as proteins, bacteria, virus, as well as chemicals. A conventional aptamer immobilization technique on graphene involves a two-step crosslinking process. In the first [...] Read more.
Aptamer-immobilized graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) have become a well-known detection platform in the field of biosensing with various biomarkers such as proteins, bacteria, virus, as well as chemicals. A conventional aptamer immobilization technique on graphene involves a two-step crosslinking process. In the first step, a pyrene derivative is anchored onto the surface of graphene and, in the second step, an amine-terminated aptamer is crosslinked to the pyrene backbone with EDC/NHS (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide) chemistry. However, this process often requires the use of organic solvents such as dimethyl formamide (DMF) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) which are typically polar aprotic solvents and hence dissolves both polar and nonpolar compounds. The use of such solvents can be especially problematic in the fabrication of lab-on-a-chip or point-of-care diagnostic platforms as they can attack vulnerable materials such as polymers, passivation layers and microfluidic tubing leading to device damage and fluid leakage. To remedy such challenges, in this work, we demonstrate the use of pyrene-tagged DNA aptamers (PTDA) for performing a one-step aptamer immobilization technique to implement a GFET-based biosensor for the detection of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) protein biomarker. In this approach, the aptamer terminal is pre-tagged with a pyrene group which becomes soluble in aqueous solution. This obviates the need for using organic solvents, thereby enhancing the device integrity. In addition, an external electric field is applied during the functionalization step to increase the efficiency of aptamer immobilization and hence improved coverage and density. The results from this work could potentially open up new avenues for the use of GFET-based BioMEMS platforms by broadening the choice of materials used for device fabrication and integration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Field Effect Transistor (FET)-Based Biosensors)
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Review

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24 pages, 5342 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in Aptasensor for Cytokine Detection: A Review
by Jinmyeong Kim, Seungwoo Noh, Jeong Ah Park, Sang-Chan Park, Seong Jun Park, Jin-Ho Lee, Jae-Hyuk Ahn and Taek Lee
Sensors 2021, 21(24), 8491; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21248491 - 20 Dec 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5052
Abstract
Cytokines are proteins secreted by immune cells. They promote cell signal transduction and are involved in cell replication, death, and recovery. Cytokines are immune modulators, but their excessive secretion causes uncontrolled inflammation that attacks normal cells. Considering the properties of cytokines, monitoring the [...] Read more.
Cytokines are proteins secreted by immune cells. They promote cell signal transduction and are involved in cell replication, death, and recovery. Cytokines are immune modulators, but their excessive secretion causes uncontrolled inflammation that attacks normal cells. Considering the properties of cytokines, monitoring the secretion of cytokines in vivo is of great value for medical and biological research. In this review, we offer a report on recent studies for cytokine detection, especially studies on aptasensors using aptamers. Aptamers are single strand nucleic acids that form a stable three-dimensional structure and have been receiving attention due to various characteristics such as simple production methods, low molecular weight, and ease of modification while performing a physiological role similar to antibodies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Field Effect Transistor (FET)-Based Biosensors)
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16 pages, 1490 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in CRP Biosensor Based on Electrical, Electrochemical and Optical Methods
by Seungwoo Noh, Jinmyeong Kim, Gahyeon Kim, Chulhwan Park, Hongje Jang, Minho Lee and Taek Lee
Sensors 2021, 21(9), 3024; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21093024 - 26 Apr 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5907
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase reactive protein that appears in the bloodstream in response to inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 produced by adipocytes and macrophages during the acute phase of the inflammatory/infectious process. CRP measurement is widely used as a representative acute [...] Read more.
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase reactive protein that appears in the bloodstream in response to inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 produced by adipocytes and macrophages during the acute phase of the inflammatory/infectious process. CRP measurement is widely used as a representative acute and chronic inflammatory disease marker. With the development of diagnostic techniques measuring CRP more precisely than before, CRP is being used not only as a traditional biomarker but also as a biomarker for various diseases. The existing commercialized CRP assays are dominated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ELISA has high selectivity and sensitivity, but its limitations include requiring complex analytic processes, long analysis times, and professional manpower. To overcome these problems, nanobiotechnology is able to provide alternative diagnostic tools. By introducing the nanobio hybrid material to the CRP biosensors, CRP can be measured more quickly and accurately, and highly sensitive biosensors can be used as portable devices. In this review, we discuss the recent advancements in electrochemical, electricity, and spectroscopy-based CRP biosensors composed of biomaterial and nanomaterial hybrids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Field Effect Transistor (FET)-Based Biosensors)
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