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Integrated Intelligent Sensory Systems with Self-x Capabilities
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Integrated Intelligent Sensory Systems with Self-x Capabilities

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2015) | Viewed by 40975

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Andreas König

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Integrated Sensor Systems, TU Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
Interests: integrated sensor systems related to microelectronics/MEMS and intelligent sensor systems related to computational intelligence
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since the introduction of the visionary 'Smart-Dust' concept, the surging advance in micro/nano integration and packaging technologies and the advent of a plethora of novel sensory concepts and technologies have made powerful yet affordable integrated sensory systems a reality. Allied with advanced information processing technology, e.g., from computational intelligence, the creation of smart pervasive systems has become feasible for an increasing domain of applications. Recent deployment fields are, e.g., IoT, CP(P)S, Industrie4.0, wearable electronics, AAL/healthcare assistance systems, point-of-care-systems etc.  To meet the requirements of these and related fields, open challenges for intelligent integrated sensory systems (I2S2) design, such as, e.g., cost-effectiveness, long term system reliability/dependability & accuracy, consistent modeling, simulation & rapid design of heterogeneous systems, packaging/3D-integration issues, effective wireless or other communication, node localization, energy efficiency, and energy harvesting have to be addressed. Topics of primary interest for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, I2S2 with self-x- (or self-*) -capabilities, such as self-monitoring, -calibrating, or -healing/repairing on all levels of abstraction, related reconfiguration and adaptation concepts, architectures, and sensor/actuator/switching devices, inherently robust signal representations and processing, including time or pulse coding, and multi-sensor and sensor swarm related information processing.

In this Special Issue, review articles, original research papers, and short communications covering aspects of I2S2 in the context of the given primary interest are solicited. Aspects for the aspired robust and accurate I2S2 include integrated sensor structures, the fabrication of technologies and sensor electronics, packaging/3D-integration/3D-printing, energy-scavening and management, integrated wireless sensors & sensor swarms/networks, integrated multi-sensor systems,  design automation and CAD, yield optimization & reliability issues, artificial immune systems, multidimensional signal processing algorithms, learning and optimization methods, sensor fusion, and sensor  data visualization. Authors are welcome to contact the guest editor prior to submission if their work addresses additional issues and challenges to clarify, whether this falls within the general scope of the Special Issue.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas König
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • self-x-capabilities
  • cyber-physical systems
  • reconfiguration and adaptation
  • yield and dependability optimization
  • robust signal representations

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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564 KiB  
Article
ResilientWireless Sensor Networks Using Topology Control: A Review
by Yuanjiang Huang, José-Fernán Martínez, Juana Sendra and Lourdes López
Sensors 2015, 15(10), 24735-24770; https://doi.org/10.3390/s151024735 - 25 Sep 2015
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 7118
Abstract
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) may be deployed in failure-prone environments, and WSNs nodes easily fail due to unreliable wireless connections, malicious attacks and resource-constrained features. Nevertheless, if WSNs can tolerate at most losing k - 1 nodes while the rest of nodes remain [...] Read more.
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) may be deployed in failure-prone environments, and WSNs nodes easily fail due to unreliable wireless connections, malicious attacks and resource-constrained features. Nevertheless, if WSNs can tolerate at most losing k - 1 nodes while the rest of nodes remain connected, the network is called k - connected. k is one of the most important indicators for WSNs’ self-healing capability. Following a WSN design flow, this paper surveys resilience issues from the topology control and multi-path routing point of view. This paper provides a discussion on transmission and failure models, which have an important impact on research results. Afterwards, this paper reviews theoretical results and representative topology control approaches to guarantee WSNs to be k - connected at three different network deployment stages: pre-deployment, post-deployment and re-deployment. Multi-path routing protocols are discussed, and many NP-complete or NP-hard problems regarding topology control are identified. The challenging open issues are discussed at the end. This paper can serve as a guideline to design resilient WSNs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Intelligent Sensory Systems with Self-x Capabilities)
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3148 KiB  
Article
Commercial Motion Sensor Based Low-Cost and Convenient Interactive Treadmill
by Jonghyun Kim, Andrew Gravunder and Hyung-Soon Park
Sensors 2015, 15(9), 23667-23683; https://doi.org/10.3390/s150923667 - 17 Sep 2015
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 6998
Abstract
Interactive treadmills were developed to improve the simulation of overground walking when compared to conventional treadmills. However, currently available interactive treadmills are expensive and inconvenient, which limits their use. We propose a low-cost and convenient version of the interactive treadmill that does not [...] Read more.
Interactive treadmills were developed to improve the simulation of overground walking when compared to conventional treadmills. However, currently available interactive treadmills are expensive and inconvenient, which limits their use. We propose a low-cost and convenient version of the interactive treadmill that does not require expensive equipment and a complicated setup. As a substitute for high-cost sensors, such as motion capture systems, a low-cost motion sensor was used to recognize the subject’s intention for speed changing. Moreover, the sensor enables the subject to make a convenient and safe stop using gesture recognition. For further cost reduction, the novel interactive treadmill was based on an inexpensive treadmill platform and a novel high-level speed control scheme was applied to maximize performance for simulating overground walking. Pilot tests with ten healthy subjects were conducted and results demonstrated that the proposed treadmill achieves similar performance to a typical, costly, interactive treadmill that contains a motion capture system and an instrumented treadmill, while providing a convenient and safe method for stopping. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Intelligent Sensory Systems with Self-x Capabilities)
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516 KiB  
Article
A Robust Wireless Sensor Network Localization Algorithm in Mixed LOS/NLOS Scenario
by Bing Li, Wei Cui and Bin Wang
Sensors 2015, 15(9), 23536-23553; https://doi.org/10.3390/s150923536 - 16 Sep 2015
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 5411
Abstract
Localization algorithms based on received signal strength indication (RSSI) are widely used in the field of target localization due to its advantages of convenient application and independent from hardware devices. Unfortunately, the RSSI values are susceptible to fluctuate under the influence of non-line-of-sight [...] Read more.
Localization algorithms based on received signal strength indication (RSSI) are widely used in the field of target localization due to its advantages of convenient application and independent from hardware devices. Unfortunately, the RSSI values are susceptible to fluctuate under the influence of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) in indoor space. Existing algorithms often produce unreliable estimated distances, leading to low accuracy and low effectiveness in indoor target localization. Moreover, these approaches require extra prior knowledge about the propagation model. As such, we focus on the problem of localization in mixed LOS/NLOS scenario and propose a novel localization algorithm: Gaussian mixed model based non-metric Multidimensional (GMDS). In GMDS, the RSSI is estimated using a Gaussian mixed model (GMM). The dissimilarity matrix is built to generate relative coordinates of nodes by a multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) approach. Finally, based on the anchor nodes’ actual coordinates and target’s relative coordinates, the target’s actual coordinates can be computed via coordinate transformation. Our algorithm could perform localization estimation well without being provided with prior knowledge. The experimental verification shows that GMDS effectively reduces NLOS error and is of higher accuracy in indoor mixed LOS/NLOS localization and still remains effective when we extend single NLOS to multiple NLOS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Intelligent Sensory Systems with Self-x Capabilities)
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1667 KiB  
Article
A Framework to Automate Assessment of Upper-Limb Motor Function Impairment: A Feasibility Study
by Paul Otten, Jonghyun Kim and Sang Hyuk Son
Sensors 2015, 15(8), 20097-20114; https://doi.org/10.3390/s150820097 - 14 Aug 2015
Cited by 74 | Viewed by 8028
Abstract
Standard upper-limb motor function impairment assessments, such as the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), are a critical aspect of rehabilitation after neurological disorders. These assessments typically take a long time (about 30 min for the FMA) for a clinician to perform on a patient, which [...] Read more.
Standard upper-limb motor function impairment assessments, such as the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), are a critical aspect of rehabilitation after neurological disorders. These assessments typically take a long time (about 30 min for the FMA) for a clinician to perform on a patient, which is a severe burden in a clinical environment. In this paper, we propose a framework for automating upper-limb motor assessments that uses low-cost sensors to collect movement data. The sensor data is then processed through a machine learning algorithm to determine a score for a patient’s upper-limb functionality. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, we implemented a system based on the proposed framework that can automate most of the FMA. Our experiment shows that the system provides similar FMA scores to clinician scores, and reduces the time spent evaluating each patient by 82%. Moreover, the proposed framework can be used to implement customized tests or tests specified in other existing standard assessment methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Intelligent Sensory Systems with Self-x Capabilities)
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1678 KiB  
Article
Selective Surface Acoustic Wave-Based Organophosphorus Sensor Employing a Host-Guest Self-Assembly Monolayer of β-Cyclodextrin Derivative
by Yong Pan, Ning Mu, Shengyu Shao, Liu Yang, Wen Wang, Xiao Xie and Shitang He
Sensors 2015, 15(8), 17916-17925; https://doi.org/10.3390/s150817916 - 23 Jul 2015
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 6252
Abstract
Self-assembly and molecular imprinting technologies are very attractive technologies for the development of artificial recognition systems and provide chemical recognition based on need and not happenstance. In this paper, we employed a b-cyclodextrin derivative surface acoustic wave (SAW) chemical sensor for detecting the [...] Read more.
Self-assembly and molecular imprinting technologies are very attractive technologies for the development of artificial recognition systems and provide chemical recognition based on need and not happenstance. In this paper, we employed a b-cyclodextrin derivative surface acoustic wave (SAW) chemical sensor for detecting the chemical warfare agents (CWAs) sarin (O-Isoprophyl methylphosphonofluoridate, GB). Using sarin acid (isoprophyl hydrogen methylphosphonate) as an imprinting template, mono[6-deoxy-6-[(mercaptodecamethylene)thio]]-β-cyclodextrin was prepared by self-assembled method on one of the SAW oscillators. After templates’ removal, a sensitive and selective molecular imprinting (MIP) monolayer for GB was prepared. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and atomic force microscope (AFM) were used to characterize this film. Comparing the detection results to GB by MIP film and non-MIP film, the molecularly imprinting effect was also proved. The resulting SAW sensor could detect sarin as low as 0.10 mg/m3 at room temperature and the frequency shift was about 300 Hz. The response frequency increased linearly with increasing sarin concentration in the range of 0.7 mg/m3~3.0 mg/m3. When sarin was detected under different temperatures, the SAW sensor exhibited outstanding sensitivity and reliability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Intelligent Sensory Systems with Self-x Capabilities)
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5649 KiB  
Article
Self-Organizing Distributed Architecture Supporting Dynamic Space Expanding and Reducing in Indoor LBS Environment
by Seol Young Jeong, Hyeong Gon Jo and Soon Ju Kang
Sensors 2015, 15(6), 12156-12179; https://doi.org/10.3390/s150612156 - 26 May 2015
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 6311
Abstract
Indoor location-based services (iLBS) are extremely dynamic and changeable, and include numerous resources and mobile devices. In particular, the network infrastructure requires support for high scalability in the indoor environment, and various resource lookups are requested concurrently and frequently from several locations based [...] Read more.
Indoor location-based services (iLBS) are extremely dynamic and changeable, and include numerous resources and mobile devices. In particular, the network infrastructure requires support for high scalability in the indoor environment, and various resource lookups are requested concurrently and frequently from several locations based on the dynamic network environment. A traditional map-based centralized approach for iLBSs has several disadvantages: it requires global knowledge to maintain a complete geographic indoor map; the central server is a single point of failure; it can also cause low scalability and traffic congestion; and it is hard to adapt to a change of service area in real time. This paper proposes a self-organizing and fully distributed platform for iLBSs. The proposed self-organizing distributed platform provides a dynamic reconfiguration of locality accuracy and service coverage by expanding and contracting dynamically. In order to verify the suggested platform, scalability performance according to the number of inserted or deleted nodes composing the dynamic infrastructure was evaluated through a simulation similar to the real environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Intelligent Sensory Systems with Self-x Capabilities)
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