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Selected Papers from the 2021 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology...
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Selected Papers from the 2021 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Sea

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Intelligent Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 21766

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Salvatore Gaglione

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Centro Direzionale-Isola C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy
Interests: geomatic; navigation; satellite positioning; survey; UAV applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Marc Le Menn

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Service Hydrographique et Océanographique de la Marine (Shom), CS 92803, 29228 Brest, CEDEX 2, France
Interests: sensors; calibration; uncertainty; best practices; monitoring
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The 2021 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for the Sea (MetroSea) (http://www.metrosea.org/home) will be held in Reggio Calabria, Italy, 4–6 October 2021. Authors of papers related to sensors presented at the workshop are invited to submit extended versions of their work to this Special Issue for publication.

MetroSea aims to gather contributions from people working to develop instrumentation and measurement methods related to the sea. Attention is paid, but not limited to, new technology for sea environment monitoring, metrology-assisted production in sea-based industries, ship component measurement, sensors and associated signal conditioning for the sea, and calibration methods for electronic testing and measurement for marine applications.

Topics:

  • electronic instrumentation for the sea;
  • automatic test equipment for the sea;
  • sensors and sensor sensing systems for sea applications;
  • wireless sensor networks for marine applications;
  • monitoring systems for the sea;
  • measurements for oceanography;
  • metrology for navigation and precise positioning;
  • measurements for submarine obstacle detection;
  • underwater vehicles for exploration;
  • pollution detection for reclamation;
  • submarine infrastructure maintenance and reliability;
  • signal and image processing;
  • metrology and quality assurance for submarine soldering;
  • weather forecasting and nowcasting for maritime navigation;
  • measures for marine biology;
  • measures for coastal and marine geology.

Prof. Dr. Salvatore Gaglione
Dr. Marc Le Menn
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 852 KiB  
Article
Towards a Secure and Scalable Maritime Monitoring System Using Blockchain and Low-Cost IoT Technology
by Warlley Paulo Freire, Wilson S. Melo, Jr., Vinicius D. do Nascimento, Paulo R. M. Nascimento and Alan Oliveira de Sá
Sensors 2022, 22(13), 4895; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22134895 - 29 Jun 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3296
Abstract
Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) is a strategic field of study that seeks to provide a coastal country with an effective monitoring of its maritime resources and its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). In this scope, a Maritime Monitoring System (MMS) aims to leverage active [...] Read more.
Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) is a strategic field of study that seeks to provide a coastal country with an effective monitoring of its maritime resources and its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). In this scope, a Maritime Monitoring System (MMS) aims to leverage active surveillance of military and non-military activities at sea using sensing devices such as radars, optronics, automatic Identification Systems (AISs), and IoT, among others. However, deploying a nation-scale MMS imposes great challenges regarding the scalability and cybersecurity of this heterogeneous system. Aiming to address these challenges, this work explores the use of blockchain to leverage MMS cybersecurity and to ensure the integrity, authenticity, and availability of relevant navigation data. We propose a prototype built on a permissioned blockchain solution using HyperLedger Fabric—a robust, modular, and efficient open-source blockchain platform. We evaluate this solution’s performance through a practical experiment where the prototype receives sensing data from a Software-Defined-Radio (SDR)-based low-cost AIS receiver built with a Raspberry Pi. In order to reduce scalability attrition, we developed a dockerized blockchain client easily deployed on a large scale. Furthermore, we determined, through extensive experimentation, the client optimal hardware configuration, also aiming to reduce implementation and maintenance costs. The performance results provide a quantitative analysis of the blockchain technology overhead and its impact in terms of Quality of Service (QoS), demonstrating the feasibility and effectiveness of our solution in the scope of an MMS using AIS data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 2021 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Sea)
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18 pages, 23878 KiB  
Article
Addressing Gaps in Small-Scale Fisheries: A Low-Cost Tracking System
by Anna Nora Tassetti, Alessandro Galdelli, Jacopo Pulcinella, Adriano Mancini and Luca Bolognini
Sensors 2022, 22(3), 839; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22030839 - 22 Jan 2022
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5634
Abstract
During the last decade vessel-position-recording devices, such as the Vessel Monitoring System and the Automatic Identification System, have increasingly given accurate spatial and quantitative information of industrial fisheries. On the other hand, small-scale fisheries (vessels below 12 m) remain untracked and largely unregulated [...] Read more.
During the last decade vessel-position-recording devices, such as the Vessel Monitoring System and the Automatic Identification System, have increasingly given accurate spatial and quantitative information of industrial fisheries. On the other hand, small-scale fisheries (vessels below 12 m) remain untracked and largely unregulated even though they play an important socio-economic and cultural role in European waters and coastal communities and account for most of the total EU fishing fleet. The typically low-technological capacity of these small-scale fishing boats—for which space and power onboard are often limited—as well their reduced operative range encourage the development of efficient, low-cost, and low-burden tracking solutions. In this context, we designed a cost-effective and scalable prototypic architecture to gather and process positional data from small-scale vessels, making use of a LoRaWAN/cellular network. Data collected by our first installation are presented, as well as its preliminary processing. The emergence of a such low-cost and open-source technology coupled to artificial intelligence could open new opportunities for equipping small-scale vessels, collecting their trajectory data, and estimating their fishing effort (information which has historically not been present). It enables a new monitoring strategy that could effectively include small-scale fleets and support the design of new policies oriented to inform coastal resource and fisheries management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 2021 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Sea)
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12 pages, 2407 KiB  
Article
Smartphone GNSS Performance in an Urban Scenario with RAIM Application
by Antonio Angrisano and Salvatore Gaglione
Sensors 2022, 22(3), 786; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22030786 - 20 Jan 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2968
Abstract
In an urban scenario, GNSS performance is strongly influenced by gross errors in the measurements, usually related to multipath and non-line-of-sight phenomena. The use of RAIM algorithms is a common approach to solve this issue. A significant amount of the existing GNSS receivers [...] Read more.
In an urban scenario, GNSS performance is strongly influenced by gross errors in the measurements, usually related to multipath and non-line-of-sight phenomena. The use of RAIM algorithms is a common approach to solve this issue. A significant amount of the existing GNSS receivers is currently mounted on smart devices, above all, smartphones. A typical drawback of these devices is the unavailability of raw measurements, which does not allow fully exploiting the GNSS potential; in particular, this feature limits the use of RAIM algorithms. Since 2016, for few smart devices, it has been finally possible to access GNSS raw measurements, allowing the implementation of specific algorithms and enabling new services. The Xiaomi Mi 8 is equipped with the Broadcom BCM47755 receiver, able to provide dual-frequency raw measurements from quad-constellation GPS, Glonass, Galileo, BeiDou. In this work, the performance in an urban area of the Xiaomi Mi8 GNSS was analyzed. An important issue of smartphone GNSS is related to the antenna, which is not able to protect from the multipath phenomenon; this issue has a large probability to emerge in hostile environments like urban areas. As a term of comparison, the high-sensitivity receiver NVS NV08C-CSM, connected to a patch antenna, was used. In particular, the considered receivers were placed in the same location, and their positions were estimated in single point positioning, applying a classical RAIM algorithm. An error analysis was carried out, and the obtained results demonstrated the effectiveness of RAIM when applied to Xiaomi Mi8 GNSS measurements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 2021 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Sea)
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16 pages, 6186 KiB  
Article
The EGNOS Augmentation in Maritime Navigation
by Anna Innac, Antonio Angrisano, Silvio Del Pizzo, Giovanni Cappello and Salvatore Gaglione
Sensors 2022, 22(3), 775; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22030775 - 20 Jan 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2427
Abstract
The objective of this work is the evaluation of the performances of EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System) augmentation system in maritime navigation by comparing them with those obtained by other positioning methods as Single Point Positioning (SPP) and Differential Global Positioning System [...] Read more.
The objective of this work is the evaluation of the performances of EGNOS (European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System) augmentation system in maritime navigation by comparing them with those obtained by other positioning methods as Single Point Positioning (SPP) and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS). Preliminarily, EGNOS performances in an open-sky context were evaluated through static data downloaded by EGNOS RIMS (Ranging and Integrity Monitoring Stations) located in Rome. Then, for the maritime test carried out onboard a boat in the Gulf of Naples, two dual-frequency receivers were used: Xiaomi Mi 8 smartphone and u-blox ZED-F9P multi-band GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receiver, both in kinematic mode. At last, IMO (International Maritime Organization) requirements, established in IMO Resolution A.1046 (27), that a SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation System) system in particular scenarios (coastal, inland-water, harbor navigation and ocean waters) must respect, were verified. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 2021 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Sea)
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21 pages, 12264 KiB  
Article
Underwater Drone Architecture for Marine Digital Twin: Lessons Learned from SUSHI DROP Project
by Alessandro Lambertini, Massimiliano Menghini, Jacopo Cimini, Angelo Odetti, Gabriele Bruzzone, Marco Bibuli, Emanuele Mandanici, Luca Vittuari, Paolo Castaldi, Massimo Caccia and Luca De Marchi
Sensors 2022, 22(3), 744; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22030744 - 19 Jan 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 6211
Abstract
The ability to observe the world has seen significant developments in the last few decades, alongside the techniques and methodologies to derive accurate digital replicas of observed environments. Underwater ecosystems present greater challenges and remain largely unexplored, but the need for reliable and [...] Read more.
The ability to observe the world has seen significant developments in the last few decades, alongside the techniques and methodologies to derive accurate digital replicas of observed environments. Underwater ecosystems present greater challenges and remain largely unexplored, but the need for reliable and up-to-date information motivated the birth of the Interreg Italy–Croatia SUSHI DROP Project (SUstainable fiSHeries wIth DROnes data Processing). The aim of the project is to map ecosystems for sustainable fishing and to achieve this goal a prototype of an Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV), named Blucy, has been designed and developed. Blucy was deployed during project missions for surveying the benthic zone in deep waters of the Adriatic Sea with non-invasive techniques compared to the use of trawl nets. This article describes the strategies followed, the instruments applied and the challenges to be overcome to obtain an accurately georeferenced underwater survey with the goal of creating a marine digital twin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 2021 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Sea)
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