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Near-Field Communication (NFC) Sensors
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Near-Field Communication (NFC) Sensors

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2019) | Viewed by 41453

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Antonio Lázaro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electronic, Electrical, and Automatic Engineering, University Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
Interests: microwave device modeling; on-wafer noise measurements; RF-MEMS; antennas; RFID; UWB radar systems; vital-sign monitoring; wireless sensor networks; microwave systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. David Girbau

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electronic, Electrical and Automatic Engineering, University Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
Interests: RFID and UWB technologies; the design of RFID tags and sensors using new materials used as sensors, operated at high frequencies; the use of NFC as enabling technology to power-up and read sensors to be used in collaborative networks in the IoT, in medical applications and in smart cities
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Near Field Communication (NFC) is an emerging wireless short-range communication technology that is mainly used for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). Although near-field communication has existed for over a decade, this technology did not become widespread until its extensive use in payment systems. Every day millions of people use NFC-enabled devices for payments. NFC technology enables simple and safe two-way interactions between electronic devices, allowing consumers to perform contactless transactions, access digital content, and connect electronic devices with a single tap. Most current smartphones also incorporate an NFC reader, and NFC systems are therefore gaining importance in the Internet of Things (IoT) scenario. In addition, NFC can put IoT devices under a user’s control and is easy-to-use with its “tap-and-go” function. The most important NFC IC manufacturers are introducing advanced integrated circuits (IC) with energy harvesting capabilities. These chips collect part of the energy received by the magnetic field generated at the reader to provide an analog voltage output that can be used to power external electronics such as low-power microcontrollers or sensors. The progressive introduction of these ICs into the market enables the development of low-cost, battery-less portable sensors. The inductive link is widely used in implantable biomedical sensor systems to achieve near-field communication (NFC) and wireless power transfer (WPT). NFC-based technology creates noninvasive opportunities for the development of smart sensors. In particular, green NFC sensors based on energy harvesting can help with the design of a new generation of low-cost smart wearables, advanced medical implants, and the simplification of the man–machine interface, which opens the door to cooperative IoT for smart cities and Industry 4.0 applications.

In this Special Issue, we invite researchers and authors to submit original research and review articles on NFC-enabled sensors. Special emphasis will be placed on emerging applications for the Internet of Things (IoT), wearables, and biomedical and smart tags.  Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • NFC energy harvesting
  • Inductive wireless power transfer
  • Implantable NFC sensors
  • NFC antenna design and smartphone integration
  • Applications based on NFC energy harvesting systems, including wearables, health, interaction, transport, and smart homes
  • Smart chemical NFC-based sensors
  • Security in NFC sensors
  • NFC applications to Industry 4.0
  • NFC sensors for IoT and collaborative systems
  • Passive NFC sensors including chipless sensors
  • Biocompatible materials and inkjet-printed technologies for NFC sensors

Prof. Dr. Antonio Lazaro
Prof. Dr. David Girbau
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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26 pages, 1569 KiB  
Article
EMV-Compatible Offline Mobile Payment Protocol with Mutual Authentication
by Jia-Ning Luo and Ming-Hour Yang
Sensors 2019, 19(21), 4611; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214611 - 23 Oct 2019
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4057
Abstract
In 2014, Yang proposed a method to enhance the current EMV credit card protocol (EPMAR). However, the protocol ignores the exceeding of a credit quota caused by multiple offline transactions, with the result that the amount spent can exceed the risk control scope. [...] Read more.
In 2014, Yang proposed a method to enhance the current EMV credit card protocol (EPMAR). However, the protocol ignores the exceeding of a credit quota caused by multiple offline transactions, with the result that the amount spent can exceed the risk control scope. In this paper, we proposed an EMV-compatible offline mobile payment protocol with mutual authentication (EOPMA) to enhance EPMAR. In EOPMA, we use the reverse hash chain technique to guarantee the payment, which solves the problem of credit quotas getting exceeded because of multiple offline payments. During a transaction, in addition to payment for merchandise, an offline authorization certificate for the transaction is sent to the merchant. The merchant can verify the correctness of the transaction in real time. Our protocol is compatible with the EMV standard, which is applicable to the retail environment of numerous merchants and effectively, making EMV transactions more secure and reliable. We use numerical analysis to examine the security and performance of the protocols. We formally check the correctness of EOPMA by using the Gong–Needham–Yahalom logic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Near-Field Communication (NFC) Sensors)
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21 pages, 2471 KiB  
Article
Near Field Communication-based Agricultural Management Service Systems for Family Farms
by Xue-fen Wan, Tao Zheng, Jian Cui, Fan Zhang, Zi-qian Ma and Yi Yang
Sensors 2019, 19(20), 4406; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19204406 - 11 Oct 2019
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 6739
Abstract
This paper presents an agricultural management service system that aims to meet the needs of Internet of Things (IoT) information upgrades in China’s family farms. The proposed agricultural management service system consists of Near Field Communication (NFC) tags, in-field service nodes, and smartphones. [...] Read more.
This paper presents an agricultural management service system that aims to meet the needs of Internet of Things (IoT) information upgrades in China’s family farms. The proposed agricultural management service system consists of Near Field Communication (NFC) tags, in-field service nodes, and smartphones. NFC tags are used as the core identifier of various agricultural management elements. The in-field service node, which is based on a programmable system-on-chip with intellectual property cores (IP core), supports distributed agriculture device management and smartphone operations. Smartphones in the proposed system include the management assistant application (app) and management service app, which are designed for agricultural management support functions and agricultural management application requirements. Through this system, the needs of diverse agricultural management practices can be effectively satisfied by a unified system structure. The practical results show that the design can be used to construct diversified agricultural IoT information application service systems simply and effectively, and it is especially suitable for Chinese family farm operators who are implementing IoT information upgrades for smart agriculture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Near-Field Communication (NFC) Sensors)
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16 pages, 4459 KiB  
Article
An Implantable Inductive Near-Field Communication System with 64 Channels for Acquisition of Gastrointestinal Bioelectrical Activity
by Amir Javan-Khoshkholgh and Aydin Farajidavar
Sensors 2019, 19(12), 2810; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19122810 - 24 Jun 2019
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5250
Abstract
High-resolution (HR) mapping of the gastrointestinal (GI) bioelectrical activity is an emerging method to define the GI dysrhythmias such as gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia. Currently, there is no solution available to conduct HR mapping in long-term studies. We have developed an implantable 64-channel [...] Read more.
High-resolution (HR) mapping of the gastrointestinal (GI) bioelectrical activity is an emerging method to define the GI dysrhythmias such as gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia. Currently, there is no solution available to conduct HR mapping in long-term studies. We have developed an implantable 64-channel closed-loop near-field communication system for real-time monitoring of gastric electrical activity. The system is composed of an implantable unit (IU), a wearable unit (WU), and a stationary unit (SU) connected to a computer. Simultaneous data telemetry and power transfer between the IU and WU is carried out through a radio-frequency identification (RFID) link operating at 13.56 MHz. Data at the IU are encoded according to a self-clocking differential pulse position algorithm, and load shift keying modulated with only 6.25% duty cycle to be back scattered to the WU over the inductive path. The retrieved data at the WU are then either transmitted to the SU for real-time monitoring through an ISM-band RF transceiver or stored locally on a micro SD memory card. The measurement results demonstrated successful data communication at the rate of 125 kb/s when the distance between the IU and WU is less than 5 cm. The signals recorded in vitro at IU and received by SU were verified by a graphical user interface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Near-Field Communication (NFC) Sensors)
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21 pages, 14918 KiB  
Article
Color Measurement and Analysis of Fruit with a Battery-Less NFC Sensor
by Antonio Lazaro, Marti Boada, Ramon Villarino and David Girbau
Sensors 2019, 19(7), 1741; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19071741 - 11 Apr 2019
Cited by 45 | Viewed by 9017
Abstract
This paper presents a color-based classification system for grading the ripeness of fruit using a battery-less Near Field Communication (NFC) tag. The tag consists of a color sensor connected to a low-power microcontroller that is connected to an NFC chip. The tag is [...] Read more.
This paper presents a color-based classification system for grading the ripeness of fruit using a battery-less Near Field Communication (NFC) tag. The tag consists of a color sensor connected to a low-power microcontroller that is connected to an NFC chip. The tag is powered by the energy harvested from the magnetic field generated by a commercial smartphone used as a reader. The raw RGB color data measured by the colorimeter is converted to HSV (hue, saturation, value) color space. The hue angle and saturation are used as features for classification. Different classification algorithms are compared for classifying the ripeness of different fruits in order to show the robustness of the system. The low cost of NFC chips means that tags with sensing capability can be manufactured economically. In addition, nowadays, most commercial smartphones have NFC capability and thus a specific reader is not necessary. The measurement of different samples obtained on different days is used to train the classification algorithms. The results of training the classifiers have been saved to the cloud. A mobile application has been developed for the prediction based on a table-based method, where the boundary decision is downloaded from a cloud service for each product. High accuracy, between 80 and 93%, is obtained depending on the kind of fruit and the algorithm used. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Near-Field Communication (NFC) Sensors)
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Review

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18 pages, 4708 KiB  
Review
Near-Field Communication Sensors
by Zhonglin Cao, Ping Chen, Zhong Ma, Sheng Li, Xingxun Gao, Rui-xin Wu, Lijia Pan and Yi Shi
Sensors 2019, 19(18), 3947; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19183947 - 12 Sep 2019
Cited by 56 | Viewed by 13915
Abstract
Near-field communication is a new kind of low-cost wireless communication technology developed in recent years, which brings great convenience to daily life activities such as medical care, food quality detection, and commerce. The integration of near-field communication devices and sensors exhibits great potential [...] Read more.
Near-field communication is a new kind of low-cost wireless communication technology developed in recent years, which brings great convenience to daily life activities such as medical care, food quality detection, and commerce. The integration of near-field communication devices and sensors exhibits great potential for these real-world applications by endowing sensors with new features of powerless and wireless signal transferring and conferring near field communication device with sensing function. In this review, we summarize recent progress in near field communication sensors, including the development of materials and device design and their applications in wearable personal healthcare devices. The opportunities and challenges in near-field communication sensors are discussed in the end. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Near-Field Communication (NFC) Sensors)
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