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Noise Radar Technology: System Design, Demonstrations and Characterization (NRT-SDC)
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Noise Radar Technology: System Design, Demonstrations and Characterization (NRT-SDC)

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Remote Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (27 February 2021) | Viewed by 14586

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Gaspare Galati

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Guest Editor
Department of Electronic Engineering, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: radar theory and techniques; detection and estimation; navigation and air traffic management
Dr. Christoph Wasserzier

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Fraunhofer Institute for High Frequency Physics and Radar Techniques FHR, Fraunhoferstrasse 20, D-53343 Wachtberg, Germany
Interests: low probability of intercept radar; noise radar; electronic warfare; uas-based electromagnetic sensing; uas detection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Konstantin Lukin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory for Nonlinear Dynamics of Electronic Systems (LNDES), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 61085 Kharkov, Ukraine
Interests: analogue and digital generation and processing of random/chaotic/noise signals and their applications in Noise Radar for SAR imaging; 3D imaging with MIMO Ground Noise SAR; microwave monitoring and detection of pre-catastrophic states of large constructions; remote sensing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

By definition, noise radar technology (NRT) uses pseudorandom waveforms in place of the classical, deterministic radar signals. NRT has noticeable advantageous features in both the civilian and military contexts, best exploited when working with a large time-bandwidth (TB) product. The advantages are as follows: (a) high resolution in range and Doppler, due to a thumbtack-like ambiguity function of the pseudorandom signals; (b) radiation of many nearly-orthogonal signals with minimal cross-correlation, with the ability to allow many systems to operate with high duty cycle in the same frequency spectrum, and with effective multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) operation; and (c) low probability of interception (LPI) and exploitation (LPE) by an adversary in the electronic warfare arena.

NRT has been studied and tested by various nations and by international cooperations in ad-hoc groups, including the NATO Sensors and Electronic Technology (SET) Research Task Group (RTG) on capabilities of noise radar (SET RTG-184), which organized a series of trials during September and October 2013, and the ensuing SET RTG-225 on Spatial and waveform diverse noise radar. The latter started its work in 2015 and organized field trials in June and in December 2018. SET-184 was preceded by SET RTG-101 on noise radar technologies which held a set of trials in Kharkov in June 2008. From 2020, the NATO unclassified research activity on NRT continues under the aegis of the recently approved SET RTG-287 on the characterization of noise radar, co-chaired by K. Lukin and C. Wasserzier.

This Special Issue will focus on the many facets of NRT from both the theoretical and the experimental side with special focus on the transition from basic research toward the different applications. System design, prototyping, trials, and characterization are the pillars of this transition, only fruitful when starting from sound theoretical and technical analyses.

Hence, NRT-SDC invites interested authors to submit their contributions related, but not limited, to the following areas:

  • Choice and evaluation criteria of waveforms for noise radar applications
  • Interception and exploitation of noise radar signals and related countermeasures
  • Information content/information rate of noise radar waveforms
  • Antenna leakage problems in NRT: experiments, mitigation methods
  • Thirty years of NRT theory and LNDES–Kharkov experiments
  • NRT experiments with advanced radar features: polarimetry, MIMO, SAR/ISAR
  • Field NRT experiments with staring antennas
  • NRT experiments with rotating antennas
  • Technologies for real-time processing of NRT waveforms generation
  • Noise radar from moving platforms
  • Applications of NRT to maritime surveillance
  • Applications of NRT to battlefield/airfield surveillance

Prof. Gaspare Galati
Dr. Christoph Wasserzier
Prof. Konstantin Lukin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • noise radar technology
  • noise radar sensor
  • pseudorandom waveforms
  • waveforms diversity
  • cross ambiguity function
  • range-Doppler map
  • range filters bank
  • tailored waveforms
  • continuous emission
  • antenna leakage
  • noise radar characterization
  • MIMO imaging noise radar

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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19 pages, 9452 KiB  
Article
Noise Radar Technology: Waveforms Design and Field Trials
by Gaspare Galati, Gabriele Pavan, Kubilay Savci and Christoph Wasserzier
Sensors 2021, 21(9), 3216; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21093216 - 6 May 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2924
Abstract
Performance of continuous emission noise radar systems are affected by the sidelobes of the output of the matched filter, with significant effects on detection and dynamic range. Hence, the sidelobe level has to be controlled by a careful design of the transmitted waveform [...] Read more.
Performance of continuous emission noise radar systems are affected by the sidelobes of the output of the matched filter, with significant effects on detection and dynamic range. Hence, the sidelobe level has to be controlled by a careful design of the transmitted waveform and of the transmit/receive parts of the radar. In this context, the average transmitted power has to be optimized by choosing waveforms with a peak-to-average power ratio as close to the unity as possible. However, after coherent demodulation and acquisition of the received signal and of the reference signal at the transmitting antenna port, the goodness (low sidelobes) of the output from the matched filter can be considerably reduced by the deleterious effects due to the radar hardware, including the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). This paper aims to solve the above problems from both the theoretical and the practical viewpoint and recommends the use of tailored waveforms for mitigating the dynamic range issues. The new findings are corroborated by the results from two noise radar demonstrators operating in Germany (rural environment) and in Turkey (coast and sea environment) and the related lessons learnt. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Noise Radar Technology: System Design, Demonstrations and Characterization (NRT-SDC))
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27 pages, 1098 KiB  
Article
On the Analysis of PM/FM Noise Radar Waveforms Considering Modulating Signals with Varied Stochastic Properties
by Leandro Pralon, Gabriel Beltrao, Alisson Barreto and Bruno Cosenza
Sensors 2021, 21(5), 1727; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051727 - 3 Mar 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3072
Abstract
Noise Radar technology is the general term used to describe radar systems that employ realizations of a given stochastic process as transmit waveforms. Originally, carriers modulated in amplitude by a Gaussian random signal, derived from a hardware noise source, were taken into consideration, [...] Read more.
Noise Radar technology is the general term used to describe radar systems that employ realizations of a given stochastic process as transmit waveforms. Originally, carriers modulated in amplitude by a Gaussian random signal, derived from a hardware noise source, were taken into consideration, justifying the adopted nomenclature. With the advances made in hardware as well as the rise of the software defined noise radar concept, waveform design emerges as an important research area related to such systems. The possibility of generating signals with varied stochastic properties increased the potential in achieving systems with enhanced performances. The characterization of random phase and frequency modulated waveforms (more suitable for several applications) has then gained considerable notoriety within the radar community as well. Several optimization algorithms have been proposed in order to conveniently shape both the autocorrelation function of the random samples that comprise the transmit signal, as well as their power spectrum density. Nevertheless, little attention has been driven to properly characterize the stochastic properties of those signals through closed form expressions, jeopardizing the effectiveness of the aforementioned algorithms as well as their reproducibility. Within this context, this paper investigates the performance of several random phase and frequency modulated waveforms, varying the stochastic properties of their modulating signals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Noise Radar Technology: System Design, Demonstrations and Characterization (NRT-SDC))
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26 pages, 8395 KiB  
Article
Introduction to Noise Radar and Its Waveforms
by Francesco De Palo, Gaspare Galati, Gabriele Pavan, Christoph Wasserzier and Kubilay Savci
Sensors 2020, 20(18), 5187; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185187 - 11 Sep 2020
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 7143
Abstract
In the system-level design for both conventional radars and noise radars, a fundamental element is the use of waveforms suited to the particular application. In the military arena, low probability of intercept (LPI) and of exploitation (LPE) by the enemy are required, while [...] Read more.
In the system-level design for both conventional radars and noise radars, a fundamental element is the use of waveforms suited to the particular application. In the military arena, low probability of intercept (LPI) and of exploitation (LPE) by the enemy are required, while in the civil context, the spectrum occupancy is a more and more important requirement, because of the growing request by non-radar applications; hence, a plurality of nearby radars may be obliged to transmit in the same band. All these requirements are satisfied by noise radar technology. After an overview of the main noise radar features and design problems, this paper summarizes recent developments in “tailoring” pseudo-random sequences plus a novel tailoring method aiming for an increase of detection performance whilst enabling to produce a (virtually) unlimited number of noise-like waveforms usable in different applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Noise Radar Technology: System Design, Demonstrations and Characterization (NRT-SDC))
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