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Ultrasonic Sensors and Technology for Material Characterization
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Ultrasonic Sensors and Technology for Material Characterization

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2020) | Viewed by 12475

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Leonard J. Bond

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Guest Editor
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
Interests: ultrasound for materials characterization; non-linear interactions and measurements in hostile environements
Prof. Dr. Zenghua Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Interests: ultrasonic nondestructive testing and evaluation; structural health monitoring; signal processing; smart sensors development; electromagnetic inspection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Nico F. Declercq

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Tech Lorraine, Laboratory for Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation, International Research Lab affiliated with the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GT-Lorraine Building, 2 rue Marconi, 57070 Metz-Technopole, France
Interests: physical acoustics; nondestructive evaluation; ultrasonics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ultrasonics has a long history of use in non-destructive evaluation (NDE), including for the detection and characterization of a wide range of discrete anomalies. Particularly with moves to use various forms of advanced manufacturing, including additive manufacturing, solid state bonding and single crystal systems, ultrasonic NDE is being required to provide assessments of material state which assess and mapmaterials and interfaces, including seeking estimates that quantify stress and bond-line strength. This special issue aims to bring together the most recent research where ultrasound is used for material state assessment, including studies using more than one measurement modality.

In this special issue we look forward to receiving papers on a wide range of research topics, but not limited to, the following themes:

  • Ultrasonic measurement for material state awareness
  • Ultrasound interaction with and characterization of solid state and glued joints/interfaces, including non-linear response
  • Modelling of both forward and inverse scattering to assist in developing wave-material interactions for material state assessment
  • Sensors, measurement systems and data processing to give enhanced material state assessment and mapping
  • New signal processing approaches which improve the capabilities of ultrasonic testing and evaluation
  • Ultrasonic phased array based approaches for material state assessment.

For this special issue you are welcome to submit review papers that provide new assessments for aspects of the field or original research which report new measurements, modelling and experimental systems, that investigate material state including the use of ultrasound.

Prof. Dr. Leonard J. Bond
Prof. Dr. Zenghua Liu
Prof. Dr. Nico F. Declercq
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ultrasonics
  • material characterization
  • nondestructive evaluation (NDT)
  • material state awareness (MSA)
  • modelling
  • experiments

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 6454 KiB  
Article
Study on Propagation Depth of Ultrasonic Longitudinal Critically Refracted (LCR) Wave
by Yongmeng Liu, Enxiao Liu, Yuanlin Chen, Xiaoming Wang, Chuanzhi Sun and Jiubin Tan
Sensors 2020, 20(19), 5724; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20195724 - 8 Oct 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3130
Abstract
The accurate measurement of stress at different depths in the end face of a high-pressure compressor rotor is particularly important, as it is directly related to the assembly quality and overall performance of aero-engines. The ultrasonic longitudinal critically refracted (LCR) wave is sensitive [...] Read more.
The accurate measurement of stress at different depths in the end face of a high-pressure compressor rotor is particularly important, as it is directly related to the assembly quality and overall performance of aero-engines. The ultrasonic longitudinal critically refracted (LCR) wave is sensitive to stress and can measure stress at different depths, which has a prominent advantage in stress non-destructive measurements. In order to accurately characterize the propagation depth of LCR waves and improve the spatial resolution of stress measurement, a finite element model suitable for the study of LCR wave propagation depths was established based on a wave equation and Snell law, and the generation and propagation process of LCR waves are analyzed. By analyzing the blocking effect of grooves with different depths on the wave, the propagation depth of the LCR wave at seven specific frequencies was determined in turn. On this basis, the LCR wave propagation depth model is established, and the effects of wedge materials, piezoelectric element diameters, and excitation voltages on the propagation depth of LCR waves are discussed. This study is of great significance to improve the spatial resolution of stress measurements at different depths in the end face of the aero-engine rotor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasonic Sensors and Technology for Material Characterization)
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12 pages, 3187 KiB  
Article
Measurement of the Acoustic Non-Linearity Parameter of Materials by Exciting Reversed-Phase Rayleigh Waves in Opposite Directions
by Bingsheng Yan, Yuzhou Song, Shijie Nie, Mingchao Yang and Ziran Liu
Sensors 2020, 20(7), 1955; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20071955 - 31 Mar 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2448
Abstract
The acoustic non-linearity parameter of Rayleigh waves can be used to detect various defects (such as dislocation and micro-cracks) on material surfaces of thick-plate structures; however, it is generally low and likely to be masked by noise. Moreover, conventional methods used with non-linear [...] Read more.
The acoustic non-linearity parameter of Rayleigh waves can be used to detect various defects (such as dislocation and micro-cracks) on material surfaces of thick-plate structures; however, it is generally low and likely to be masked by noise. Moreover, conventional methods used with non-linear Rayleigh waves exhibit a low detection efficiency. To tackle these problems, a method of exciting reversed-phase Rayleigh waves in opposite directions is proposed to measure the acoustic non-linearity parameter of materials. For that, two angle beam wedge transducers were placed at the two ends of the upper surface of a specimen to excite two Rayleigh waves of opposite phases, while a normal transducer was installed in the middle of the upper surface to receive them. By taking specimens of 0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb martensitic stainless steel subjected to fatigue damage as an example, a finite element simulation model was established to test the proposed method of measuring the acoustic non-linearity parameter. The simulation results show that the amplitude of fundamentals is significantly reduced due to offset, while that of second harmonics greatly increases due to superposition because of the opposite phases of the excited signals, and the acoustic non-linearity parameter thus increases. The experimental research on fatigue damage specimens was carried out using this method. The test result was consistent with the simulation result. Thus, the method of exciting reversed-phase Rayleigh waves in opposite directions can remarkably increase the acoustic non-linearity parameter. Additionally, synchronous excitation with double-angle beam wedge transducers can double the detection efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasonic Sensors and Technology for Material Characterization)
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11 pages, 4156 KiB  
Article
Optimal Design Methodology of Tapered Waveguide Transducers for Thickness Monitoring
by Jiuhong Jia, Yue Ren, Weiming Wang, Zuoyu Liao, Xiancheng Zhang and Shan-Tung Tu
Sensors 2020, 20(7), 1892; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20071892 - 29 Mar 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2935
Abstract
For the purpose of providing transducers for long-term monitoring of wall thinning of critical pressure equipment in corrosion or high temperature environments, the optimal design methodology for tapered waveguide units was proposed in the present study. Firstly, the feasibility of the quasi-fundamental shear [...] Read more.
For the purpose of providing transducers for long-term monitoring of wall thinning of critical pressure equipment in corrosion or high temperature environments, the optimal design methodology for tapered waveguide units was proposed in the present study. Firstly, the feasibility of the quasi-fundamental shear horizontal (SH0*) wave propagating in the tapered waveguide units was analyzed via numerical simulations, and the transmitting limitations of the non-dispersive SH0* wave were researched. Secondly, several tapered waveguide transducers with varying cross-sections to transmit pure SH0* wave were designed according to the numerical results. Experimental investigations were carried out, and the results were compared with waveguide transducers with a prismatic cross-section. It was found that the tapered waveguide units can transmit non-dispersive shear horizontal waves and suppress the wave attenuation at the same time. The experimental results agreed very well with the numerical simulations. Finally, high-temperature experiments were carried out, and the reliability of thickness measuring by the tapered waveguide transducers was validated. The errors between the measured and the true thicknesses were small. This work paves a solid foundation for the optimal design of tapered waveguide transducers for thickness monitoring of equipment in harsh environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasonic Sensors and Technology for Material Characterization)
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20 pages, 3683 KiB  
Article
Optimizing the Calibration Error of Refraction Angles in Ultrasonic Angle Beam Testing
by Zhihui Cai, Zhangmin Jin, Linyi Zhu, Yuebing Li, Yuebao Lei and Zengliang Gao
Sensors 2020, 20(5), 1427; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20051427 - 5 Mar 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3215
Abstract
Ultrasonic testing is a useful approach for quantifying the flaws in mechanical components. The height of the flaws in ultrasonic angle beam testing is closely related to the calibration value of the probe refraction angle. In order to reduce the calibration error, some [...] Read more.
Ultrasonic testing is a useful approach for quantifying the flaws in mechanical components. The height of the flaws in ultrasonic angle beam testing is closely related to the calibration value of the probe refraction angle. In order to reduce the calibration error, some ignored data during the traditional calibration process are reanalyzed and fused to determine the refraction angle. Both arithmetical measurement fusion method and weighted measurement fusion method are applied and compared. Monte Carlo simulation is used to estimate the probability distribution of the refraction angle and obtain the optimal refraction angle weights. Experiments were carried out to verify the results of Monte Carlo simulation. The applicability of data fusion on refraction angles is investigated. It was found in the study that the data fused with the refraction angle is helpful for measuring the height of flaws. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasonic Sensors and Technology for Material Characterization)
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