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Separations
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Chromatographic Techniques for Food and Environmental Samples
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Chromatographic Techniques for Food and Environmental Samples

A special issue of Separations (ISSN 2297-8739).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2018) | Viewed by 28983

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Antonio Martin-Esteban

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environment and Agronomy, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: Sample preparation; molecular imprinting; chromatographic techniques; environmental and food analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Esther Turiel

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
INIA, Department Medio Ambiente, Carretera A Coruña Km 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: sample preparation; molecular imprinting; chromatographic techniques; environmental and food analysis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

During last few decades, massive industrial and agricultural development has been accompanied by the release of a great variety of contaminants to the environment. Such compounds, depending on their physicochemical properties, might be incorporated into the food chain, which represents an important public concern. Accordingly, authorities have established restrictions to protect our environment from potential harmful substances. It has made the development of analytical methodologies, mainly based on chromatographic techniques, able to detect and determine a wide variety of compounds at very low concentration levels, in both food and environmental samples, in a reliable and accurate manner, necessary.

We would like to invite colleagues to contribute with original research articles and reviews to the present Special Issue on the latest trends in chromatographic techniques for the analysis of contaminants in environmental and food samples, including recent advances in sample preparation.

Dr. Antonio Martin-Esteban
Dr. Esther Turiel
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Separations is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • organic contaminants

  • environmental analysis

  • food analysis

  • sample preparation

  • solid-phase extraction

  • solid-phase microextraction

  • liquid-phase microextraction

  • chromatographic techniques

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1596 KiB  
Article
Assessment, Validation and Application to Real Samples of an RP-HPLC Method for the Determination of Guayulins A, B, C and D in Guayule Shrub
by Nadia Spano, Paola Meloni, Ilenia Idda, Alberto Mariani, Maria Itria Pilo, Valeria Marina Nurchi, Joanna Izabela Lachowicz, Ernesto Rivera, Ancelmo Orona-Espino and Gavino Sanna
Separations 2018, 5(2), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations5020023 - 9 Apr 2018
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4317
Abstract
Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is a shrub native to the arid regions of Mexico. In the last decades, significant attention to its cultivation has arisen because it is the raw material for the production of hypoallergenic natural rubber. Guayule biomass also contains [...] Read more.
Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) is a shrub native to the arid regions of Mexico. In the last decades, significant attention to its cultivation has arisen because it is the raw material for the production of hypoallergenic natural rubber. Guayule biomass also contains high amounts of resin, which is not normally exploited in any way. Among other sesquiterpenic esters, guayulins (i.e., the parteniol esters of cinnamic acid, guayulin A, or of anisic acid, guayulin B) are contained in resin. In addition, minor amounts of guayulin C and guayulin D are formed by degradation/oxidation of guayulins A and B, respectively. Guayulins likely act as cinnamate and p-anisate reservoirs for the Guayule shrub; in addition, it has been postulated that they might have a key role in the chemical defense system of Guayule. Furthermore, it seems reasonable that guayulins may possess significant biological properties (e.g., antibacterial and anticancer activities), in close analogy with those shown by sesquiterpene lactones contained in many other species of Parthenum genus. As a matter of fact, guayulins A and B play an important role in the synthesis of antineoplastics used in breast cancer treatment. In this contribution we propose an original and validated RP-HPLC approach to the simultaneous quantification of guayulins A, B, C and D. The procedure of resin extraction from Guayule biomass has been optimized in terms of both extraction method and solvent. RP-HPLC separation has been accomplished by an Ascentis® C18 column under isocratic elution with a 80:20 (v:v) acetonitrile:water mixture. Validation was carried out in terms of limits of detection and quantification, linearity, precision, and trueness. Finally, the method was tested with a number of fresh and seasoned samples of spontaneous Guayule shrub from Mexico. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chromatographic Techniques for Food and Environmental Samples)
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15 pages, 2278 KiB  
Article
Determination of Selected Aromas in Marquette and Frontenac Wine Using Headspace-SPME Coupled with GC-MS and Simultaneous Olfactometry
by Somchai Rice, Nanticha Lutt, Jacek A. Koziel, Murlidhar Dharmadhikari and Anne Fennell
Separations 2018, 5(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations5010020 - 19 Mar 2018
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 6161
Abstract
Understanding the aroma profile of wines made from cold climate grapes is needed to help winemakers produce quality aromatic wines. The current study aimed to add to the very limited knowledge of aroma-imparting compounds in wines made from the lesser-known Frontenac and Marquette [...] Read more.
Understanding the aroma profile of wines made from cold climate grapes is needed to help winemakers produce quality aromatic wines. The current study aimed to add to the very limited knowledge of aroma-imparting compounds in wines made from the lesser-known Frontenac and Marquette cultivars. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with simultaneous olfactometry was used to identify and quantify selected, aroma-imparting volatile organic compounds (VOC) in wines made from grapes harvested at two sugar levels (22° Brix and 24° Brix). Aroma-imparting compounds were determined by aroma dilution analysis (ADA). Odor activity values (OAV) were also used to aid the selection of aroma-imparting compounds. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis indicated that VOCs in wines produced from both sugar levels of Marquette grapes are similar to each other, and more similar to wines produced from Frontenac grapes harvested at 24° Brix. Selected key aroma compounds in Frontenac and Marquette wines were ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl octanoate, and ethyl butyrate. OAVs >1000 were reported for three aroma compounds that impart fruity aromas to the wines. This study provides evidence that aroma profiles in Frontenac wines can be influenced by timing of harvesting the berries at different Brix. Future research should focus on whether this is because of berry development or accumulation of aroma precursors and sugar due to late summer dehydration. Simultaneous chemical and sensory analyses can be useful for the understanding development of aroma profile perceptions for wines produced from cold-climate grapes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chromatographic Techniques for Food and Environmental Samples)
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9 pages, 1161 KiB  
Article
Hollow Fibre Membrane-Protected Molecularly Imprinted Microsolid-Phase Extraction (HFM-Protected-MI-MSPE) of Triazines from Soil Samples
by Myriam Díaz-Álvarez, Antonio Martín-Esteban and Esther Turiel
Separations 2018, 5(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations5010008 - 24 Jan 2018
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4569
Abstract
In this work, a combination of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) technology with micro solid-phase extraction in a hollow fibre device is described. MIP microspheres were synthesized and packed into polypropylene hollow fibre (HF) segments. The proposed device was used directly for trace enrichment [...] Read more.
In this work, a combination of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) technology with micro solid-phase extraction in a hollow fibre device is described. MIP microspheres were synthesized and packed into polypropylene hollow fibre (HF) segments. The proposed device was used directly for trace enrichment and clean-up of triazines in soil sample extracts by hollow-fibre membrane-protected molecularly imprinted micro solid-phase extraction (HFM-protected-MI-MSPE). Analytes were extracted from soil by ultrasonic assisted extraction, evaporated to dryness and reconstituted in toluene. The proposed device was immersed in the toluene extracts, and migrations of analytes through the walls of the hollow fibre was achieved with the help of external agitation. Then, selective recognition of the target analytes by MIP-microspheres took place in the inner part of the HF. All parameters affecting the extraction were optimized. Under optimum conditions, quantitative recoveries were obtained for simazine, cyanazine, atrazine, propazine and terbutylazine in soil samples, with relative standard deviations lower than 11%. The detection limits (LODs) were lower than 5 ng g−1 in all cases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chromatographic Techniques for Food and Environmental Samples)
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1658 KiB  
Article
Determination of 2-Thioxo-3-pyrrolidinecarbaldehyde in Salted Radish Root (Takuan-zuke) by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection after Pre-Column Derivatization Using 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-hydrazino-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole
by Taito Kobayashi, Kei Kumakura, Wataru Kobayashi, Asaka Takahashi and Hiroki Matsuoka
Separations 2017, 4(4), 35; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations4040035 - 28 Nov 2017
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4065
Abstract
2-thioxo-3-pyrrolidinecarbaldehyde (TPC) is an important intermediate in the yellowing of Japanese pickles “takuan-zuke”. TPC has been reported to have antibacterial activity against bacteria causing food poisoning and microorganisms associated with the development of caries, as well as various physiological functions such as antimutagenicity. [...] Read more.
2-thioxo-3-pyrrolidinecarbaldehyde (TPC) is an important intermediate in the yellowing of Japanese pickles “takuan-zuke”. TPC has been reported to have antibacterial activity against bacteria causing food poisoning and microorganisms associated with the development of caries, as well as various physiological functions such as antimutagenicity. However, since TPC has high reactivity, robust quantitative analysis is difficult with the extraction method or pre-column derivatization method using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method involving labeling with 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-hydrazino-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-H) was developed for the determination of the level of TPC in takuan-zuke. DBD-TPC was successfully stabilized by adding a buffer solution to the reaction solution, which established continuous analysis by HPLC using an autosampler. The DBD-TPC calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.25–250 nmol/mL (final concentration) and showed a wide dynamic range. The lower limit of detection was 0.205 nmol/mL in TPC standard. The proposed method was successfully applied to the measurement of TPC in daikon-oroshi. The results reveal the possibility of determining the variation of TPC level in processed foods containing radish. We concluded that the proposed method is useful for evaluating the quality of processed radish products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chromatographic Techniques for Food and Environmental Samples)
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1092 KiB  
Article
Determination of the Biocide Econea® in Artificial Seawater by Solid Phase Extraction and High Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
by Robert A. Downs, John R. Dean, Adrian Downer and Justin J. Perry
Separations 2017, 4(4), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations4040034 - 19 Nov 2017
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 5817
Abstract
Econea®, or 4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, is a new type of environmentally friendly anti-fouling compound used in the immersed coatings of commercial sea going vessels. This paper reports the development of a new analytical method to directly detect the active biocide Econea® in [...] Read more.
Econea®, or 4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile, is a new type of environmentally friendly anti-fouling compound used in the immersed coatings of commercial sea going vessels. This paper reports the development of a new analytical method to directly detect the active biocide Econea® in an artificial sea water matrix using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The developed method is both rapid and sensitive, with a limit of detection of 0.05 μg/L and a limit of quantitation of 0.17 μg/L in artificial seawater. The subsequent developed method was then applied to investigate the biocide’s release from a commercially available Econea® containing paint immersed in artificial sea water over a 45-day period. It was found that the average release rate of Econea® from this paint was 4.3 ± 0.6 μg cm−2 d−1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chromatographic Techniques for Food and Environmental Samples)
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407 KiB  
Article
Determination of the Three Main Components of the Grapevine Moth Pest Pheromone in Grape-Related Samples by Headspace-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
by María Del Carmen Alcudia-León, Mónica Sánchez-Parra, Rafael Lucena and Soledad Cárdenas
Separations 2017, 4(4), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations4040031 - 27 Oct 2017
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3442
Abstract
The grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana) is the most significant pest of viticulture. This article reports the development of an analytical method that allows the instrumental determination of the three main pheromone components of the pest ((E,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-yl acetate, [...] Read more.
The grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana) is the most significant pest of viticulture. This article reports the development of an analytical method that allows the instrumental determination of the three main pheromone components of the pest ((E,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-yl acetate, (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-ol and (Z)-9-dodecen-1-yl acetate) in grape-related samples (must, table grape and wine grape). The combination of headspace, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry provides limits of detection in the range of 60–420 ng/Kg and precision, expressed as a relative standard deviation, better than 8.5%. This analytical approach is rapid and simple and opens a door to the study of the pest incidence on the final products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chromatographic Techniques for Food and Environmental Samples)
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