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Sustainable Energy System: Efficiency and Cost of Renewable Energy
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Sustainable Energy System: Efficiency and Cost of Renewable Energy

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Resources and Sustainable Utilization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 4304

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Quetzalcoatl Hernández-Escobedo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Renewable Energy, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Queretaro 76230, Mexico
Interests: renewable energy; smartgrids; machine learnig; deep learning; energy storage; techno-economic analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the face of escalating global energy demand, concerns over climate change, and the finite nature of fossil fuel resources, the development and adoption of sustainable energy systems have become imperative. Among the most promising solutions are renewable energy sources, which offer the potential for clean, abundant, and inexhaustible power generation.

The efficiency and cost of renewable energy technologies play a crucial role in determining their viability and widespread adoption. Efficiency refers to the ability of a system to convert available energy inputs into useful outputs, while cost considerations encompass both the initial investment required and the operational expenses incurred over the system's lifetime. Achieving high efficiency and cost-effectiveness is essential for renewable energy sources to compete with conventional fossil fuel-based power generation.

Renewable energy encompasses various sources, including solar, wind, hydro, biomass, and geothermal energy. Each of these sources has unique characteristics, advantages, and challenges that influence its efficiency and cost. Solar power, for instance, harnesses energy from sunlight using photovoltaic (PV) cells or concentrated solar power (CSP) systems. The efficiency of PV cells has improved significantly in recent years, making solar energy increasingly competitive. Similarly, wind energy exploits the kinetic energy of wind through wind turbines, which have seen substantial advancements in efficiency and cost reduction, making them a viable alternative in many regions.

This Special Issue entitled “Sustainable Energy System: Efficiency and Cost of Renewable Energy” will collect and present the results of conducted research works and implementation experiences in the renewable energy area, with the aim of efficiency and the cost of renewable energy.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Renewable energy;
  • Energy storage;
  • Machine learning;
  • Deep learning;
  • Techno-economic analysis. 

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Quetzalcoatl Hernández-Escobedo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wind energy
  • photovoltaic energy
  • thermal energy
  • hydro energy
  • hydrogen
  • techno-economic analysis

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

28 pages, 7990 KiB  
Article
Mitigation of Photovoltaics Penetration Impact upon Networks Using Lithium-Ion Batteries
by Khalid Abdullah Bin Hudayb, Abdullah M. Al-Shaalan and Hassan M. Hussein Farh
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 7141; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16167141 - 20 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1001
Abstract
The paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the impact of very large-scale photovoltaic generation systems on various aspects of power systems, including voltage profile, frequency, active power, and reactive power. It specifically investigates IEEE 9-bus, 39-bus, and 118-bus test systems, emphasizing the influence [...] Read more.
The paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the impact of very large-scale photovoltaic generation systems on various aspects of power systems, including voltage profile, frequency, active power, and reactive power. It specifically investigates IEEE 9-bus, 39-bus, and 118-bus test systems, emphasizing the influence of different levels of photovoltaic penetration. Additionally, it explores the effectiveness of battery energy storage systems in enhancing system stability and transient response. The transition to PV generation alters system stability characteristics, impacting frequency response and requiring careful management of PV plant locations and interactions with synchronous generators to maintain system reliability. This study highlights how high penetration of photovoltaic systems can improve steady-state voltage levels but may lead to greater voltage dips in contingency scenarios. It also explores how battery energy storage system integration supports system stability, showing that a balance between battery energy storage system capacity and synchronous generation is essential to avoid instability. In scenarios integrating photovoltaic systems into the grid, voltage levels remained stable at 1 per unit and frequency was tightly controlled between 49.985 Hz and 50.015 Hz. The inclusion of battery energy storage systems further enhanced stability, with 25% and 50% battery energy storage system levels maintaining strong voltage and frequency due to robust grid support and sufficient synchronous generation. At 75% battery energy storage system, minor instabilities arose as asynchronous generation increased, while 100% battery energy storage system led to significant instability and oscillations due to minimal synchronous generation. These findings underline the importance of synchronous generation for grid reliability as battery energy storage system integration increases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Energy System: Efficiency and Cost of Renewable Energy)
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26 pages, 8177 KiB  
Article
Achieving Pareto Optimum for Hybrid Geothermal–Solar (PV)–Gas Heating Systems: Minimising Lifecycle Cost and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
by Yu Zhou, Guillermo A. Narsilio, Kenichi Soga and Lu Aye
Sustainability 2024, 16(15), 6595; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156595 - 1 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1211
Abstract
This article investigates heating options for poultry houses (or sheds) in order to meet their specific indoor air temperature requirements, with case studies conducted across Australia under conditions similar to those encountered worldwide. Hybrid geothermal–solar (PV)–gas heating systems with various configurations are proposed [...] Read more.
This article investigates heating options for poultry houses (or sheds) in order to meet their specific indoor air temperature requirements, with case studies conducted across Australia under conditions similar to those encountered worldwide. Hybrid geothermal–solar (PV)–gas heating systems with various configurations are proposed to minimise the lifecycle costs and GHG emissions of poultry shed heating, which involves six seven-week cycles per year. The baseload heating demand is satisfied using ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs), with solar photovoltaic panels generating the electricity needed. LPG burners satisfy the remaining heating demand. Integrating these systems with GSHPs aims to minimise the overall installation costs of the heating system. The primary focus is to curtail the costs and GHG emissions of poultry shed heating with these hybrid systems, considering three different electricity offsetting scenarios. It is found that a considerable reduction in the lifecycle cost (up to 55%) and GHG emissions (up to 50%) can be achieved when hybrid systems are used for heating. The Pareto front solutions for the systems are also determined. By comparing the Pareto front solutions for various scenarios, it is found that the shave factor, a measure of the GSHP proportion of the overall system, significantly influences the lifecycle cost, while the size and utilisation of the solar PV panels significantly affect the lifecycle GHG emissions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Energy System: Efficiency and Cost of Renewable Energy)
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27 pages, 711 KiB  
Article
Effects of Technology, Energy, Monetary, and Fiscal Policies on the Relationship between Renewable and Fossil Fuel Energies and Environmental Pollution: Novel NBARDL and Causality Analyses
by Melike Bildirici, Yasemin Asu Çırpıcı and Özgür Ömer Ersin
Sustainability 2023, 15(20), 14887; https://doi.org/10.3390/su152014887 - 15 Oct 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1462
Abstract
There is a body of research that focuses on the examination of long-run relations between energy–environment–economic growth, and there is also a new type of recent research that focuses on the effects of monetary and fiscal economic policies on the environment. There is [...] Read more.
There is a body of research that focuses on the examination of long-run relations between energy–environment–economic growth, and there is also a new type of recent research that focuses on the effects of monetary and fiscal economic policies on the environment. There is a research gap that exists due to omitting the effects of technology and energy policies, and this paper addresses this gap, in addition to merging both fields mentioned above, by including the asymmetric effects of fiscal and monetary policies. To explore the relations between fossil fuel and renewable energies, environmental pollution, and economic growth, in addition to including the roles of energy, technology, monetary, and fiscal policies, this paper employs novel NBARDL and NBARDL Granger Causality methods for yearly data assessments in the USA. The empirical findings of the paper point to the asymmetric impacts of monetary and fiscal policies in the short- and long-run. Interestingly, both contractionary and expansionary fiscal policies lead to higher CO2 emissions. Contractionary monetary policies exert a downward pressure on CO2 emissions, and if expansionary, the monetary policy causes environmental degradation. As an important policy, the energy policy emerges as a potent tool for reducing carbon emissions through not only renewable energy, but as a greater impact through energy efficiency and technology. Therefore, this paper highlights the importance of technology policies exhibiting varying relationships with environmental pollution, featuring unidirectional or bidirectional causality patterns. Renewable energy, energy efficiency combined with adequate technology, and energy policies are determined to have pivotal roles in CO2 emissions outcomes. Such policies should focus on cleaner energy sources accompanied by energy efficiency technologies in the USA to curtail environmental impacts; technology policies are vital in fostering innovations and encouraging cleaner technologies. The policy recommendations include an effective combination of monetary, fiscal, technology, and energy policies, backed by a strong commitment to achieving energy efficiency and renewable energy to mitigate environmental pollution and to contribute to sustainable development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Energy System: Efficiency and Cost of Renewable Energy)
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