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17 pages, 741 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Creative Tourism Development Models towards Sustainable and Regenerative Tourism

by Nancy Duxbury, Fiona Eva Bakas, Tiago Vinagre de Castro and Sílvia Silva

Sustainability 2021, 13(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010002 - 22 Dec 2020

Cited by 100 | Viewed by 18228

Creative tourism is a relatively new field of research with most attention directed to creative tourism activities in large cities. Little research has been conducted on creative tourism development strategies in extra-metropolitan contexts. The CREATOUR project aimed to improve understanding of the processes [...] Read more.

Creative tourism is a relatively new field of research with most attention directed to creative tourism activities in large cities. Little research has been conducted on creative tourism development strategies in extra-metropolitan contexts. The CREATOUR project aimed to improve understanding of the processes (under different conditions and situations) through which creative tourism activities can be developed, implemented, and made sustainable. This article reports on a national analysis of approaches developed by the project’s participating organizations to offer creative tourism initiatives. At an organizational level, we found five main models: Stand-alone offers, repeated; series of creative activities and other initiatives under a common theme; localized networks for creative tourism; small-scale festivals that include creative tourism activities; and creative accommodations. At a broader community level, creative tourism initiatives can inspire new ideas and avenues of activity and contribute to cultural vitality and potential regeneration dynamics through reinforcing distinctive elements of local identity, instigating flows and connections between the locale and the external, and serving as platforms for local collaboration, exchange, and development. In the time of COVID-19, enhancing connections with other organizations locally and regionally can contribute to wider initiatives and the development of community-based regeneration strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural and Creative Tourism Developments: Past, Present and Future)

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17 pages, 1035 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Experience of Creative Tourism in the Northern Region of Portugal—A Gender Perspective

by Paula Remoaldo, Mansour Ghanian and Juliana Alves

Sustainability 2020, 12(24), 10408; https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410408 - 12 Dec 2020

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3680

Abstract

Creative tourism is a quite recent tourism segment that has been rapidly diffused all over the world. Nevertheless, studies on this segment were not concerned, until present, with the differences in gender intention, evaluation and the overall satisfaction regarding creative tourism activities. For [...] Read more.

Creative tourism is a quite recent tourism segment that has been rapidly diffused all over the world. Nevertheless, studies on this segment were not concerned, until present, with the differences in gender intention, evaluation and the overall satisfaction regarding creative tourism activities. For that, this paper examines these three components from a gender perspective regarding the creative tourism activities developed by CREATOUR pilots in the northern region of mainland Portugal between 2017 and 2019. The methods used were quantitative in nature. Five hundred and ninety-five questionnaires were applied to the participants in the 45 creative tourism activities developed by the 10 pilot institutions selected to join the CREATOUR project (Creative Tourism Destination Development in Small Cities and Rural Areas). The questionnaire used consisted of 31 closed questions aimed at the profile, the motivations, the perception and the evaluation of activities by the participants. It used descriptive statistics and discriminate analysis. The main results show that men and women had similar demographic characteristics (e.g., age and educational level), but they were significantly different in some variables, such as their intention to participate in creative activities, and their evaluation and overall satisfaction with their personal experiences. It is statistically confirmed that, based on their experiences in creative tourism, men and women fall into different clusters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural and Creative Tourism Developments: Past, Present and Future)

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18 pages, 3820 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Danube River Cruises as a Strategy for Representing Historical Heritage and Developing Cultural Tourism in Serbia

by Nataša Danilović Hristić, Nebojša Stefanović and Saša Milijić

Sustainability 2020, 12(24), 10297; https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410297 - 9 Dec 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3666

Abstract

Podunavlje, a region located along the Danube River in Serbia, features a very rich cultural heritage with different notable periods ranging from prehistoric to medieval times. It is also a unique and valuable region with natural beauty. Our research concentrates on this area, [...] Read more.

Podunavlje, a region located along the Danube River in Serbia, features a very rich cultural heritage with different notable periods ranging from prehistoric to medieval times. It is also a unique and valuable region with natural beauty. Our research concentrates on this area, using a case study as the methodology. The starting hypothesis is that strategic orientation to develop tourist docks for river cruises and marinas along the corridor of 588 km, at certain locations, primarily in urban centers and near the prominent archaeological sites, will form conditions for the better accessibility and presentation of priceless cultural treasures. By collecting data about various trends in the region and comparing these data with international studies, the authors support the utilization of an integrated method derived from the context of sustainable spatial planning. Such a method would support the creation of suitable conditions for the reconstruction, presentation, and development of creative tourist offerings. The urban plans that regulate these areas must observe and harmonize all aspects, especially the conditions for preserving heritage alongside the need for creating new accompanying content and events that will stimulate the economy and thereby ensure self-preservation and protection. The goal of the strategic analysis presented here is to determine which tourist and cultural offers are effective and thus should be promoted. The purpose of this study is to indicate the steps and required conditions for the implementation of suitable strategies. Apart from decision making on the strategic level and the implementation process, it is necessary to consider further impacts and investigate other possibilities to fully utilize the potential in the region. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural and Creative Tourism Developments: Past, Present and Future)

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23 pages, 3224 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mapping the Food Festivals and Sustainable Capitals: Evidence from Poland

by Patrycjusz Zarębski and Dominika Zwęglińska-Gałecka

Sustainability 2020, 12(24), 10283; https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410283 - 9 Dec 2020

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3784

Abstract

This study is one of the first attempts to identify and explain the location of food festivals in the context of locally embedded capitals. A multidimensional spatial model was developed and a typology using the k-means method was carried out to evaluate the [...] Read more.

This study is one of the first attempts to identify and explain the location of food festivals in the context of locally embedded capitals. A multidimensional spatial model was developed and a typology using the k-means method was carried out to evaluate the mapping of 64 food festivals organized in various locations in Poland. With reference to Bourdieu’s concept, the economic, social, cultural, symbolic, and tourism capitals rooted in the local environment were examined and compared with the location of festivals. From the theoretical point of view, this study extends the theory of capital to include the new category of tourism capital, which allows better understanding of the economic effects of festivals. It is the missing element of the circular mechanism of capital conversion. Our study shows that food festivals in Poland are held mainly in large cities and their neighboring municipalities rather than in peripheral rural areas. We indicate that the urban areas have a higher level of capitals and sustainability of capitals for food festivals than rural areas. The conducted research shows that the economic effect of food festivals is stronger in locations with high tourism capital. The proposed model is universal and can be used to analyze the impact of various festivals on capital conversion and local development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural and Creative Tourism Developments: Past, Present and Future)

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32 pages, 8073 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Path of Petrila Mining Area towards Future Industrial Heritage Tourism Seen through the Lenses of Past and Present

by Andreea Ionica, Ionela Samuil, Monica Leba and Mihaela Toderas

Sustainability 2020, 12(23), 9922; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239922 - 27 Nov 2020

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2821

Abstract

The paper explores the industrial tourism development potential of a former mining area in Petrila, Jiu Valley, Romania, drastically affected by deindustrialization, in order to build a theme park in the old mine site. The research context is determined by the current economic [...] Read more.

The paper explores the industrial tourism development potential of a former mining area in Petrila, Jiu Valley, Romania, drastically affected by deindustrialization, in order to build a theme park in the old mine site. The research context is determined by the current economic and social state of the area, and also by the potential of the identified industrial heritage elements. For this reason, there was developed an optimal selection algorithm, based on multi-criteria analysis and Greedy approach. This optimal selection algorithm blends the objectivity of the technical-economic studies and the subjectivity of the residents’ perceptions of community satisfaction. After carrying out the Petrila case study, the results of the proposed algorithm application concerning the destination, from the point of view of their use, of each existing building in the Petrila site was determined. Compared with other studies, ours considers different criteria and can always be reapplied to validate or refine the selection based on new emerging inputs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural and Creative Tourism Developments: Past, Present and Future)

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28 pages, 5187 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Framing Film-Induced Tourism into a Sustainable Perspective from Romania, Indonesia and Malaysia

by Yong Liu, Wei Lee Chin, Florin Nechita and Adina Nicoleta Candrea

Sustainability 2020, 12(23), 9910; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239910 - 26 Nov 2020

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 8197

Abstract

This paper is particularly focused on film-induced tourism investigation as well as its cultural promotion and cultural change effect that impact on both the tourist destinations and the tourist demands. The case studies include the famous Transylvania, Romania as well as the two [...] Read more.

This paper is particularly focused on film-induced tourism investigation as well as its cultural promotion and cultural change effect that impact on both the tourist destinations and the tourist demands. The case studies include the famous Transylvania, Romania as well as the two comparative destinations in Southeast Asia namely Bali in Indonesia, and Penang in Malaysia. Although tourism planners have limited control over the content of the films produced in the respective destinations and how the destinations are being portrayed in films, it is reflected in our studies that, the imaginary, visual representations of the destinations, albeit negative or distorted from their original identities, are still useful and viable to promote the tourist destinations. The three discussion cases form up the stratification of multiple stages in terms of implementing film-induced tourism strategies to promote their destinations, spanning from one of the oldest film-induced tourist destinations Transylvania, to an over decade-long film-induced destination Ubud in Bali, to a sprouting film-induced destination George Town in Penang. Such a stratification of three comparable destinations leads to both the vertical and horizontal evaluation of the effectiveness of film-induced tourism strategies. Hence, a methodology of multiple-case study with mixed-methods characterised by a set of differing qualitative research approaches will be adopted to the three distinctive destinations, respectively. Emerging markets require new techniques and strategies of marketing, especially in the unsettled post-COVID-19 era. Findings may be useful to destination managers in planning an effective destination image strategy in order to achieve the most sustainable positive impacts and aligning the films’ image of the destination with the desired image and the potential audience reach. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural and Creative Tourism Developments: Past, Present and Future)

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21 pages, 4873 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Sustainable Management Model for Cultural Creative Tourism Ecosystems

by Blanca García Henche, Erica Salvaj and Pedro Cuesta-Valiño

Sustainability 2020, 12(22), 9554; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229554 - 17 Nov 2020

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 5974

Abstract

This article proposes a novel management model for cultural, creative, and historic tourism cities. The creation of the model is based on previous literature and in the study of Barrio de las Letras, in Madrid, to identify the key components to successfully develop [...] Read more.

This article proposes a novel management model for cultural, creative, and historic tourism cities. The creation of the model is based on previous literature and in the study of Barrio de las Letras, in Madrid, to identify the key components to successfully develop creative tourism ecosystems. The model integrates the literature on city center management and, unlike previous studies, incorporates missing elements, such as the role of small businesses associations and collaboration networks among diverse stakeholders to develop a cultural–historic tourism ecosystem. This model represents a proposal that supports the coexistence of the private and public sector and sustainable governance models that integrate the inhabitants of city centers with the economic activity generated by urban tourism. The model was developed by an analysis of secondary sources, interviews with key informants, and questionnaires of entrepreneurs located in a recently invigorated cultural and historic neighborhood. The contribution of knowledge offered by this paper is the proposition of a management model that can aid town centers to create competitive cultural/creative/historic tourism ecosystems while still preserving the sustainability of their social/commercial fabric. Therefore, the collaboration of cultural organizations, hospitality industry and retail can promote cultural, creative, and sustainable management model of historic urban centers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural and Creative Tourism Developments: Past, Present and Future)

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18 pages, 1207 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Urban Museum as a Creative Tourism Attraction: London Museum Lates Visitor Motivation

by Ayeon Choi, Graham Berridge and Chulwon Kim

Sustainability 2020, 12(22), 9382; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229382 - 11 Nov 2020

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5595

Abstract

The urban museum has become a multi-functional institution that transcends the functional display of artifacts. The museum has become, in cities, a hybrid institution that keeps its doors open late to support a wide variety of special events. This study explored London’s “Museum [...] Read more.

The urban museum has become a multi-functional institution that transcends the functional display of artifacts. The museum has become, in cities, a hybrid institution that keeps its doors open late to support a wide variety of special events. This study explored London’s “Museum Lates” programs and event characteristics, theoretical views of museums as cultural and creative tourism attractions. Furthermore, the study applied the contextual model of learning to understand visitor attendance motivations. The authors employed an interpretive approach using interviews with two types of participants: event visitors and event coordinators. The findings suggest that attendees possess personal, physical, and socio-cultural motivations for participating in “Museum Lates” events. The characteristics of late events—extraordinary quality and evening-time atmosphere—produce different effects from those of current museum exhibitions held during regular operating hours. “Museum Lates” events can contribute to achieving cultural sustainability, adding a cultural construct to the traditional three pillars of sustainability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural and Creative Tourism Developments: Past, Present and Future)

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