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Improving Governance of Tenure: Progress in Policy and Practice

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 8212

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy
Interests: governance of tenure; governance systems; land dynamics; environmental change; monitoring; integrated landscape management systems

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy
Interests: political ecology; nexus between environment, sustainable agriculture and resilient food systems; integrated landscape management and governance; institutional political economy; organizational and institutional development; multi-stakeholder processes, partnerships, platforms and governance; system-wide capacity development; agricultural innovation systems; spatial planning; agroecology; climate-smart-agriculture; participatory empowerment development methodologies; information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D)

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The eradication of hunger and poverty (Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 1 and 2) and the sustainable use of the environment, while addressing climate change (SDG 13), biodiversity (SDG 14 and 15), land degradation (SDG 15), and emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic (SDG 3), depend largely on how people, communities and other societal actors gain access to land, fisheries and forest resources. This is defined and regulated by societies through systems of tenure. These tenure systems determine who can use which resources, for how long, and under what conditions (FAO 2012, p. iv). The needs and demands of how these resources are being used face tremendous challenges over time as human demands change in a world in which a growing population is requiring food security and nutrition delivered by sustainable and resilient food systems.

As understood in the 'Voluntary Guidelines on Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security' (VGGT), governance of tenure in a responsible manner protects the legitimate tenure rights and right holders and is required to bring the greatest benefits to people in line with human rights based approaches. This includes strengthening civic spaces where consultation, participation and inclusion of all citizens in societal decision-making processes related to transfers and other changes to tenure rights and duties increases the likeliness of their acceptance of such decisions. In many countries such civic spaces are diminishing. If we want to improve the governance of tenure and subsequent development results, we will need to focus better on the "societal landscape" in which we strive to achieve transformative change.

This special issue would like to investigate whether eight years after the endorsement of the VGGT by the UN Committee on World Food Security, the integrated, multi-disciplinary, and country-driven VGGT implementation approach has contributed to sustainable improvements in tenure governance across national and sub-national country levels.  In particular, but not limited to, addressing the following questions:

  • whether policy, legal, and organisational frameworks related to tenure, and system-wide capacity enhancement efforts across people and organizations (SDGs 1-17), contributed to creating an enabling environment (SDG 16) to enhance a more secure, equitable future for those most jeopardized of being excluded (SDGs 5 and 10) from the effective access to, use of, and control over resources;
  • whether the investment in multi-stakeholder partnerships (SDG 17) added to a greater transformative potential and sustainable impact on the ground;
  • whether inclusive and integrated spatial planning and management (SDGs 5, 10, 13, 15, 17), respecting, protecting and safeguarding tenure rights and right holders, contributed to improved tenure governance at national and sub-national level;
  • whether any lessons can be drawn for applicability towards more resilient and sustainable food systems (SDGs 1-17);
  • whether any lessons can be learnt from a systematic analysis and/or monitoring of pathways of improved tenure governance, thereby enhancing our understanding and projection of future trajectories, especially in the context of climate change, biodiversity loss, land degradation, and emergencies (SDGs 1-17).

Theoretical explorations are encouraged, especially when having a case study component, as well as case studies from a quantitative, qualitative or multi-methodology perspective. Innovative and critical contributions are particularly welcome, as would original proposals, having a clear transformative potential with practical application on the ground.

Dr. Louisa J.M. Jansen
Mr. Patrick P. Kalas
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • tenure governance
  • Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure (VGGT)
  • legitimate tenure rights
  • customary tenure systems
  • multi-stakeholder partnerships
  • system-wide capacity development
  • sustainable and resilient food systems
  • Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
  • monitoring
  • pathways of change

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

30 pages, 646 KiB  
Article
Improving Governance of Tenure in Policy and Practice: Agrarian and Environmental Transition in the Mekong Region and Its Impacts on Sustainability Analyzed through the ‘Tenure-Scape’ Approach
by Louisa J.M. Jansen and Patrick P. Kalas
Sustainability 2023, 15(3), 1773; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15031773 - 17 Jan 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2316
Abstract
Land relations in the Mekong Region are marked by the densely populated and intensively cultivated lowlands and the more extensive settlement and cultivation areas in the uplands. Land-use changes in the lowlands and uplands are interlinked and are a key process of agrarian [...] Read more.
Land relations in the Mekong Region are marked by the densely populated and intensively cultivated lowlands and the more extensive settlement and cultivation areas in the uplands. Land-use changes in the lowlands and uplands are interlinked and are a key process of agrarian and environmental transition. The ‘tenure-scape’ approach is introduced as a qualitative analysis combining integrated landscape approaches, governance and rights-based approaches, while underlining the centrality of legitimate tenure rights, limitations and obligations. This approach is used to analyze the impact of the Green Revolution and the global commodity boom, in particular the growth of rubber and coffee, on sustainability in the Mekong countries, i.e., Cambodia, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Myanmar and Viet Nam. The way forward points to the use of the elements of the ‘tenure-scape’ approach to re-valuate the potential contribution of smallholder farmers to the wider physical and societal landscape. The ultimate goal is to go from transition to transformation toward a more secure, equitable future for those at risk of being excluded from effective access to, use of, and control over land, fisheries, forests and water resources, which are providing the basis for their livelihoods if the concession model of land-based investments were to be continued. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Improving Governance of Tenure: Progress in Policy and Practice)
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22 pages, 373 KiB  
Article
Smallholder Views on Chinese Agricultural Investments in Mozambique and Tanzania in the Context of VGGTs
by Rebecca Pointer, Emmanuel Sulle and Clemente Ntauazi
Sustainability 2023, 15(2), 1220; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021220 - 9 Jan 2023
Viewed by 2394
Abstract
Based on a case study in each country, this study documents the views of Mozambican and Tanzanian smallholders regarding Chinese agricultural investments and the extent to which investors abide by their legitimate land tenure rights as defined by the Voluntary Guidelines for the [...] Read more.
Based on a case study in each country, this study documents the views of Mozambican and Tanzanian smallholders regarding Chinese agricultural investments and the extent to which investors abide by their legitimate land tenure rights as defined by the Voluntary Guidelines for the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Forests and Fisheries in the Context of National Food Security (VGGTs). The VGGTs offer guidelines to government on how to protect the land tenure of rural communities when land is being acquired for large-scale land investments. The study also assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on smallholders. Due to COVID-19, instead of fieldwork, we conducted telephone interviews with 20 smallholders in Mozambique and 35 in Tanzania. The Mozambican case showed that even when land set aside for investors was not in dispute, smallholders still had unmet expectations, especially regarding investors’ corporate social responsibility activities. In the Tanzanian case, even though the land leased by the Chinese investor had been designated as general land, it had laid fallow for a long period, and smallholders had moved back onto the land, only to be displaced in 2017. Although smallholders’ views on the investment were mixed, the case underscored the need for government to assess current land use before allocating it to investors—regardless of how the land is classified and especially in areas where land shortages are creating conflict. The cases show that even if communities are consulted about proposed land investments, guidelines need to include clauses that allow for ongoing communications between investors, communities and government officials such that if communities are unsatisfied with the results of the investment, renegotiation is possible. Further, in the event of crises, such as COVID-19, investors should partner with communities and government to limit the extent of harm in communities as a result of the crisis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Improving Governance of Tenure: Progress in Policy and Practice)
17 pages, 1235 KiB  
Article
Strengthening Accountability for Responsible Land Governance: Linking Governance of Tenure to Human Rights
by Anna Katharina Kramer, Frederike Klümper, Alexander Müller and Francesca Thornberry
Sustainability 2021, 13(19), 11113; https://doi.org/10.3390/su131911113 - 8 Oct 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2491
Abstract
While there is no universal right to land enshrined in existing human rights treaties, access to land is intrinsically linked to the achievement of human rights. For example, the right to food, adequate housing, property and equality and non-discrimination are of special concern [...] Read more.
While there is no universal right to land enshrined in existing human rights treaties, access to land is intrinsically linked to the achievement of human rights. For example, the right to food, adequate housing, property and equality and non-discrimination are of special concern for smallholder farmers, pastoralists, women, and other marginalized groups. In this regard, the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries, and Forests in the context of national food security (VGGT) is considered a milestone document. They link binding human rights frameworks with universally agreed principles of responsible land governance. However, the implementation of the Guidelines is impeded by their voluntary nature and the absence of clear monitoring and accountability structures. The objective of this paper is to make a case for adopting human rights-based monitoring approaches that strengthen the implementation of the VGGT and, ultimately, responsible land governance. This policy analytical paper draws from a literature review, an analysis of secondary data gathered from National Human Rights Institutions working on land rights, as well as findings from two pilot case studies. The cases illustrate the need for a human rights-based land governance monitoring approach, relevant for policy-makers as well as land rights practitioners. Furthermore, this paper shows that there is currently no systemic approach that monitors the implementation of the VGGT from a human rights perspective. Therefore, the paper suggests that a human rights-based monitoring approach centered around established human rights monitoring and reporting mechanisms can provide a new, and urgently needed, impetus for implementing the VGGT. Linking VGGT implementation to human rights obligations by states can strengthen efforts towards responsible land governance reforms and contributes to holding governments accountable to their commitments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Improving Governance of Tenure: Progress in Policy and Practice)
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