Sustainability

Research

Jump to: Review

16 pages, 1776 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Career Path Decisions and Sustainable Options

by Hamid Hassan, Mujahid Hussain, Amna Niazi, Yasuo Hoshino, Akbar Azam and Ahmad Shabbar Kazmi

Sustainability 2022, 14(17), 10501; https://doi.org/10.3390/su141710501 - 23 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 10725

Abstract

Career planning has become more important than standalone job decisions in the current environment, where individuals have a wider range of choices of occupations and jobs than ever before. This paper reviews the theoretical developments in career guidance theory and recommends a holistic [...] Read more.

Career planning has become more important than standalone job decisions in the current environment, where individuals have a wider range of choices of occupations and jobs than ever before. This paper reviews the theoretical developments in career guidance theory and recommends a holistic approach towards ‘Career Path Guidance’, incorporating psychological, sociological and developmental perspectives. An approach that considers several future steps in a career cannot be without challenges. The contextual and environmental situations along with individual characteristics are subject to change along a career path. Additionally, different stages in a career path are another variable that needs consideration to achieve a sustainable future. It has, therefore, been proposed that the career course be mapped by considering external factors, internal improvements and path-related dynamism. A multidimensional understanding of career guidance and the amount, complexity and sensitivity of the data involved mean that this approach may be better executed using computer-assisted systems that can source and logically analyze a large amount of information from several sources to produce coherent, sustainable and practical career path decisions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Sustainability)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 291 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

The Economic Benefits of Supporting Private Social Enterprise at the Nexus of Water and Agriculture: A Social Rate of Return Analysis of the Securing Water for Food Grand Challenge for Development

by Ku McMahan and Saad Usmani

Sustainability 2022, 14(10), 5969; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105969 - 14 May 2022

Viewed by 2596

Abstract

This article attempts to evaluate the comparative socioeconomic benefits of funding performance-based private sector social enterprises and posits that the social rate of return of such investments is significant and exceeds expectations for similar investment portfolios. Using the case study of the Securing [...] Read more.

This article attempts to evaluate the comparative socioeconomic benefits of funding performance-based private sector social enterprises and posits that the social rate of return of such investments is significant and exceeds expectations for similar investment portfolios. Using the case study of the Securing Water for Food Grand Challenge for Development, we perform a social rate of return analysis on 16 water conservation technologies (WCTs) in 10 nations. Through using an extensive benefit cost ratio, we obtain the Marginal Internal Rate of Return whereby the discounted value of future benefits is equal to the reinvestment cost of capital for the SWFF portfolio. This allows the impact of SWFF to be comparable to other investments and serve as a benchmark. The resulting social rate of return metrics exceed the conservative expectations of impact investment funds as well as comparable foreign aid investments. The reasons behind this high rate of social impact are further explored and recommendations are provided accordingly for an alternative performance-based investment model of foreign aid disbursement that prioritizes scalable small and medium-sized social agribusiness enterprises in developing nations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Sustainability)

24 pages, 5728 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Pentagon Model of Urban Social Sustainability: An Assessment of Sociospatial Aspects, Comparing Two Neighborhoods

by Seyda Akcali and Arzu Cahantimur

Sustainability 2022, 14(9), 4990; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14094990 - 21 Apr 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5474

Abstract

Social concerns have caused a critical rethinking of urban space in today’s society, with sociospatial issues at the forefront of discussions. This study aims to better understand the relationship between sociospatial aspects of urban space and social sustainability. We provide a pentagon model [...] Read more.

Social concerns have caused a critical rethinking of urban space in today’s society, with sociospatial issues at the forefront of discussions. This study aims to better understand the relationship between sociospatial aspects of urban space and social sustainability. We provide a pentagon model for urban social sustainability by identifying five dimensions: person (demographic and household characteristics), place (accessibility, social infrastructure, open spaces, and places for daily operations), people (sense of community, social relations, and social network), perception (sense of place, and security and safety), and process (participation, and future of space). The research methodology includes a spatial analysis, questionnaire survey, and statistical analyses, applied to two study areas in Izmir, Turkey. The findings show that the two study areas have significantly different scores in terms of social sustainability criteria. Residents who reported their neighborhood as being more accessible and having better places for daily operations indicated a higher sense of place and participation. Residents who rated their open spaces more highly reported better social relations and social networks, and greater security and safety. In addition, there are a variety of positive associations between indicators of social sustainability. The study summarizes the relationship between social sustainability indicators, followed by a discussion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Sustainability)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 2374 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Social Learning of Sustainability in a Pandemic—Changes to Sustainability Understandings, Attitudes, and Behaviors during the Global Pandemic in a Higher Education Setting

by Franzisca Weder, Jennifer Yarnold, Stefanie Mertl, Renate Hübner, Wilfried Elmenreich and Robert Sposato

Sustainability 2022, 14(6), 3416; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063416 - 15 Mar 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4149

Abstract

When people learn from each other and change their behavior accordingly, this is called social learning. COVID-19 not only taught us new habits to limit contagion, imposed restrictions also limited people’s everyday practices and behavior. Our study aims to analyze how (much) the [...] Read more.

When people learn from each other and change their behavior accordingly, this is called social learning. COVID-19 not only taught us new habits to limit contagion, imposed restrictions also limited people’s everyday practices and behavior. Our study aims to analyze how (much) the pandemic may have incidentally fostered social learning of sustainability (SLS), representing a shift from rule-based behavior and forced behavior changes to more associative and potentially long-lasting sustainable behavior. To answer this question, we analyzed data from two mixed-method surveys with which we approached two customized samples in a higher education setting in Australia (n = 100) and Austria (n = 264). The findings show that in a higher education and, specifically, a university context, there are less sustainable practices evaluated as stable and “new normal” than assumed. Still, sustainability is more rule-related and less associative, predominantly in Australia. Nevertheless, a certain degree of awareness of what sustainable practices are can be observed mainly in Austria. As a broader implication, the study at hand leads to the conclusion that through COVID-19, sustainability at least became more tangible. Furthermore, universities as a specific institution have the potential to put sustainability higher on their agenda and take responsibility for social change. In the conclusion and outlook of the paper, limitations of the study as well as future research potential on social learning processes for sustainable development are presented and discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Sustainability)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 1828 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Organization of Social Sustainability Work in Swedish Eco-Municipalities

by Lisa Wälitalo and Merlina Missimer

Sustainability 2022, 14(5), 2770; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052770 - 26 Feb 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2420

Abstract

Even though large parts of a municipal administration’s work are aligned with social sustainability, this dimension has been somewhat more challenging and there seems to be a vast diversity in how it is approached. Academic literature on the systematic organization of this work [...] Read more.

Even though large parts of a municipal administration’s work are aligned with social sustainability, this dimension has been somewhat more challenging and there seems to be a vast diversity in how it is approached. Academic literature on the systematic organization of this work is sparse. The aim of this study was to understand how Swedish municipalities organize their work with social sustainability and to find best practices. A survey among 21 municipalities and follow-up interviews with three of them were conducted. The study revealed that the organization of social sustainability work varies considerably among municipalities and that no simple patterns relating to size or existing organizational structures can be detected. Each municipality seems to be finding its own way and is more or less successful in strategically working with this area. Best practice focused on creating additional structures for collaboration across departments, with external actors, and across sectors to at least partly overcome the silo approach engrained in a municipal structure. It was also connected to the active involvement of leaders, clear mandates, and that a common vision for social sustainability was communicated. These lessons can be transferred to other municipalities and help them move towards social sustainability in a strategic way. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Sustainability)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 1267 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Framework to Evaluate the Social Life Cycle Impact of Products under the Circular Economy Thinking

by Thomas Tsalis, Alexandros I. Stefanakis and Ioannis Nikolaou

Sustainability 2022, 14(4), 2196; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042196 - 15 Feb 2022

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4588

Abstract

Today, the circular economy is regarded as a promising alternative for modern economies to preserve “virgin” natural resources for future generations by valorizing waste materials. The concept is also used to promote the goals of sustainable development, where, apart from the environmental dimension, [...] Read more.

Today, the circular economy is regarded as a promising alternative for modern economies to preserve “virgin” natural resources for future generations by valorizing waste materials. The concept is also used to promote the goals of sustainable development, where, apart from the environmental dimension, the economic and social dimensions are also integrated. So far, the largest part of the related research has emphasized the environmental and economic dimensions, while little attention has been paid to the social dimension of circular economy. Thus, this paper develops a framework to evaluate the social impacts of circular products and materials throughout their life cycle, which is based on social life thinking, circular economy principles and strategies and social responsibility principles. Moreover, computational examples are presented to show the functionality and applicability of the proposed framework. Finally, critical points for future research are pinpointed in order to assist scholars in applying and improving such frameworks through case studies, helping them to better understand the social aspects of circular economy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Sustainability)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 244 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Social Sustainability?: Exploring the Relationship between Community Experience and Perceptions of the Environment

by Michael R. Cope, Ashley R. Kernan, Scott R. Sanders and Carol Ward

Sustainability 2022, 14(3), 1935; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031935 - 8 Feb 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3513

Abstract

This study uses the Rural Utah Community Study (RUCS) to explore how social sustainability shapes a community’s approach to environmental sustainability. The results indicate that respondents who feel attached to and are satisfied with their community had a more positive relationship with the [...] Read more.

This study uses the Rural Utah Community Study (RUCS) to explore how social sustainability shapes a community’s approach to environmental sustainability. The results indicate that respondents who feel attached to and are satisfied with their community had a more positive relationship with the natural environment than those who were dissatisfied with their communities. We also find evidence that social ties, measured by the number of people known by their first name in the community, positively influence perceptions of the environment, and that a significant link exists between environmental sustainability and a higher sense of community belonging. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Sustainability)

29 pages, 6163 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Poor Air Quality in Urban Settings: A Comparison of Perceptual Indicators, Causes and Management in Two Cities

by Timothy M. Chukwu, Stephen Morse and Richard Murphy

Sustainability 2022, 14(3), 1438; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031438 - 27 Jan 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3552

Abstract

Poor air quality (PAQ) is a global concern, especially in urban areas, and is often seen as an important element of social sustainability given its negative impact on health and quality of life. However, little research has been undertaken in cities of the [...] Read more.

Poor air quality (PAQ) is a global concern, especially in urban areas, and is often seen as an important element of social sustainability given its negative impact on health and quality of life. However, little research has been undertaken in cities of the developing world to explore how residents perceive poor air quality, its main causes, what control measures should be used to address PAQ and where the main responsibility rests for implementing control measures. The research described in this paper sought to address these points, using a questionnaire-based survey (n = 262) in Nigeria’s federal capital city of Abuja (n = 137) and the state-capital city of Enugu (n = 125). The survey took place during the COVID-19 pandemic (October 2020 to March 2021), and was stratified to ensure representation across a number of demographic groups such as gender, age, education and income. The results were analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric test and Hochberg’s post hoc test available in SPSS version 28. The study found that the ranking of perceptual indicators and the main causes of PAQ had much agreement between respondents from both cities and between demographic groups. Smoke, odour and dust particles were perceived to be the most important indicators of PAQ, while the main sources of PAQ were waste and bush burning, vehicle use and power generators. The two most preferred control measures were proper waste management and the avoidance of bush burning. However, there was a significant difference between the two cities in terms of the main organisations responsible for addressing PAQ, with respondents from Abuja citing the federal government, while those from Enugu cited the state government. Interestingly, younger people in Enugu noted that the government should take more responsibility in controlling PAQ than did the older demographic in that city, but this difference was not seen in Abuja. Overall, this study reveals that residents in these two Nigerian cities clearly recognise their exposure to PAQ and it suggests that these perceptual indicators, and views on sources and interventions should be central to designing policies to control this important issue. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Sustainability)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 1939 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Public Attitude towards Nuclear and Renewable Energy as a Factor of Their Development in a Circular Economy Frame: Two Case Studies

by Anzhelika Karaeva, Elena Magaril, Vincenzo Torretta, Paolo Viotti and Elena Cristina Rada

Sustainability 2022, 14(3), 1283; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031283 - 24 Jan 2022

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4199

Abstract

Nowadays, most countries of the world are implementing the transition to the low-carbon economy which implies the need to carry out a full-scale eco-modernization of the energy sector. Green energy may be identified as one of the core concerns of energy sector modernization [...] Read more.

Nowadays, most countries of the world are implementing the transition to the low-carbon economy which implies the need to carry out a full-scale eco-modernization of the energy sector. Green energy may be identified as one of the core concerns of energy sector modernization as it allows a considerable decrease in emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere. Therefore, nuclear and renewable energy may become key areas of global energy development in the near future, which is also in agreement with circular economy concepts. However, public opinion (and other controversial visions/aspects) is one of the barriers to their development. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between attitudes towards nuclear and renewable energy in two countries: a EU country (Italy) and a non-EU country (Russia), considering the level of their development. The authors conducted a survey among residents regarding their attitude towards nuclear and renewable energy, as well as their attitude to the present energy policy. The cluster analysis technique was used to analyze the results. The obtained results confirmed the dependence between the level of development of nuclear and renewable energy and the public attitude towards it. The national energy policy also might influence public opinion on the development of nuclear or renewable energy. The authors identified public attitude as one of the key factors in the development of energy and the achievement of environmental and social sustainability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Sustainability)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 1001 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Daily Lives, Agricultural Working Lives, and Mental Health of Farmers in Northern Thailand

by Ratana Sapbamrer, Jiraporn Chittrakul, Wachiranun Sirikul, Amornphat Kitro, Wilawan Chaiut, Pattarika Panya, Patchareeya Amput, Eakasit Chaipin, Chatchada Sutalangka, Suttinee Sidthilaw, Pornthip Promrak, Pailinrak Kamolsan and Surat Hongsibsong

Sustainability 2022, 14(3), 1189; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031189 - 21 Jan 2022

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 4328

Abstract

This study aims to determine the impact of COVID-19 on the daily lives, agricultural working lives, and mental health of farmers in northern Thailand. This cross-sectional study was carried out in September and October 2021 by interviews. From the stratified random sampling, 2046 [...] Read more.

This study aims to determine the impact of COVID-19 on the daily lives, agricultural working lives, and mental health of farmers in northern Thailand. This cross-sectional study was carried out in September and October 2021 by interviews. From the stratified random sampling, 2046 farmers responded. There were five sections on the interview form, including demographics, daily life, agricultural working life, stress, and depression experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show that COVID-19 negatively affected the daily lives of the farmers, making it worse by 61.2%. COVID-19 increased the cost of planting (57.4%) and the cost of agrochemicals and fertilizers (69.9%). It also decreased the prices of agricultural products (73.5%) as well as agricultural extensions (66.5%). The markets and logistics of agricultural products during the pandemic were more difficult than before it (72.8% and 65.1%, respectively). Half of the farmers (50.3%) had moderate stress, and the highest scores were for the loss of household income (mean ± SD = 3.92 ± 0.94) and increased household expenses (mean ± SD = 3.92 ± 0.98). With regard to depression, 19.6% of farmers had depressive symptoms, and the multivariate analysis shows that the mental health of farmers was associated with the changes in their daily and agricultural working lives, as well as with financial problems. The remarkable findings indicate that the farmers who had high and extremely high stress levels had a higher prevalence of depression than the farmers who had no stress (adj.OR = 10.10 and 22.45, respectively). Our results lead to the conclusion that the COVID-19 crisis had an impact on the daily lives, agricultural working lives, and mental health of farmers. The results of this study can be used to provide pertinent guidance, and they have implications for government and other relevant organizations in their COVID-19 efforts to improve agricultural systems and sustain the mental health of farmers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Sustainability)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 1025 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Social Sustainability of Water and Waste Management Companies in Portugal

by Eleonora Santos and Jacinta Moreira

Sustainability 2022, 14(1), 221; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010221 - 26 Dec 2021

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3286

Abstract

The Sustainable Development Goals aim at balancing economic, social and environmental development. In this framework, social sustainability is key to tackle current challenges that hinder the maximization of social satisfaction. Yet, for many years, scholars have negleted the social dimension. A possible explanation [...] Read more.

The Sustainable Development Goals aim at balancing economic, social and environmental development. In this framework, social sustainability is key to tackle current challenges that hinder the maximization of social satisfaction. Yet, for many years, scholars have negleted the social dimension. A possible explanation may be the difficulty to measure social concepts such as well-being and prosperity. Thus, we argue that, to evaluate sectoral performance, the concept of social sustainability should be translated into metrics, by focusing on the indicators that impact on those social concepts. Consequently, time-series data from Quadros do Pessoal, PORDATA and SABI databases for the sector of Water Collection, Treatment and Distribution, Sanitation, Waste Management and Depollution, are consulted to analyze the evolution of those indicators and evaluate corporate performance concerning social sustainability in 2008–2019. In line with previous literature, we use average wages and employment as proxies for social sustainability. However, we introduce a new indicator, the average term for receipts to carry out an analysis from the stakeholders’ perspective. The results suggest that, especially as of 2017, sectoral firms appear to have reagained their momentum concerning social sustainability performance. This study provides the opportunity to uncover average sectoral trends on social sustainability and paves the way for future research exploring firms’ heterogeneity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Sustainability)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 2821 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Building Organisational Sustainability during the COVID-19 Pandemic with an Inspiring Work Environment

by Maja Rožman, Anita Peša, Mladen Rajko and Tjaša Štrukelj

Sustainability 2021, 13(21), 11747; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111747 - 25 Oct 2021

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3556

Abstract

This article aims to analyse significant differences in four constructs: occupational stress, job satisfaction, work engagement, and work productivity among employees before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the paper is to develop a multidimensional model with these four constructs and [...] Read more.

This article aims to analyse significant differences in four constructs: occupational stress, job satisfaction, work engagement, and work productivity among employees before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the paper is to develop a multidimensional model with these four constructs and analyse the differences in the strength of their effects on the model across two intersectional times: before the COVID-19 pandemic and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was implemented on a sample of 885 employees in Slovenian organisations. During COVID-19, Slovenia had one of the strictest lockdowns. Based on the research, we can confirm significant differences in the four analysed constructs among employees before COVID-19 and during COVID-19. Based on the results, we can confirm that occupational stress had a more negative effect on job satisfaction and work engagement during COVID-19 than before prior to it. Our research and conclusions highlight the measures with which organisations can reduce the problem of occupational stress and with which organisations can increase job satisfaction, work engagement and work productivity among employees during COVID-19. Based on this, organisations may be able to build a more supportive work environment during, and after, COVID-19. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Sustainability)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

36 pages, 440 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Social Sustainability Handprint—Part 1: Handprint and Life Cycle Thinking and Approaches

by Roope Husgafvel

Sustainability 2021, 13(20), 11286; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011286 - 13 Oct 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3062

Abstract

Sustainable development and sustainability encompass a strong focus on the advancement of sustainable societies, social sustainability, and overall well-being of people both now and in the future. These goals also highlight sustainable social/society–environment relationships and interfaces to promote sustainable development of both people [...] Read more.

Sustainable development and sustainability encompass a strong focus on the advancement of sustainable societies, social sustainability, and overall well-being of people both now and in the future. These goals also highlight sustainable social/society–environment relationships and interfaces to promote sustainable development of both people and the planet. The promotion of social sustainability requires leadership, management, and assessment by organizations and people. This study explored social sustainability handprints from the perspective of handprint and life cycle thinking and approaches using qualitative research approaches. It addressed a clear gap in research and aimed at exploring, discovering, analyzing and synthetizing the main implications of these frameworks for the creation and assessment of the social sustainability handprint development. It was recognized that there are multiple ways to create social sustainability handprints, such as positive changes, actions, innovations, and impacts. The same applies to assessments that can be based on, for example, handprint and life cycle thinking and approaches, sustainability management, assessment and indicators, and sustainability science. The findings highlight the broadness and diversity of approaches, opportunities, and possibilities related to both the creation and assessment of social sustainability handprints. Additionally, they suggest that particular focus is needed, for example, on comprehensive approaches that take into account specific contexts, locations, cultures, scales, conditions, characteristics, perspectives, and stakeholders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Sustainability)

35 pages, 418 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring Social Sustainability Handprint—Part 2: Sustainable Development and Sustainability

by Roope Husgafvel

Sustainability 2021, 13(19), 11051; https://doi.org/10.3390/su131911051 - 6 Oct 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3749

Abstract

Social sustainability is a major part of both sustainable development and sustainability including societal sustainability and overall promotion of more sustainable societies taking into account multiple social/society–environment relationships and interfaces. These contexts have a strong focus on both present and future generations, encompassing [...] Read more.

Social sustainability is a major part of both sustainable development and sustainability including societal sustainability and overall promotion of more sustainable societies taking into account multiple social/society–environment relationships and interfaces. These contexts have a strong focus on both present and future generations, encompassing sustainable development of both people and the planet. Social sustainability handprints provide many opportunities to promote social sustainability management and assessment by organizations and people and to create changes and encourage actions that contribute to overall social and societal sustainability. This study applied qualitative approaches to explore social sustainability handprints from the perspectives of sustainable development, sustainability, social and societal sustainability and sustainability assessment and indicators. This study addressed a clear research gap and aimed at identifying key definitions, elements, approaches and development focus areas within these frameworks as well as at suggesting associated implications for social sustainability handprint development. The findings suggest that social sustainability handprints can be created through multiple actions, changes, innovations and impacts to promote social sustainability based on sustainable development, sustainability and social and societal sustainability. Various actors such as all types of organizations, individuals, groups and companies can implement these ways to create social sustainability handprints. In addition, there are multiple assessment approaches that can be applied to the assessment of social sustainability handprints such as sustainability management, assessment and indicators, encompassing multiple specific elements and approaches. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Sustainability)

16 pages, 319 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fitting Social Enterprise for Sustainable Development in Vietnam

by Minh Hieu Thi Nguyen, Darrin James Hodgetts and Stuart Colin Carr

Sustainability 2021, 13(19), 10630; https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910630 - 24 Sep 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3971

Abstract

Drawing on aspects of both commercial and not-for-profit organisational structures, social enterprises strive to become financially sustainable in order to support efforts to address various societal problems, including poverty and socio-economic exclusions. This study documents the experiences of 20 social entrepreneurs regarding the [...] Read more.

Drawing on aspects of both commercial and not-for-profit organisational structures, social enterprises strive to become financially sustainable in order to support efforts to address various societal problems, including poverty and socio-economic exclusions. This study documents the experiences of 20 social entrepreneurs regarding the fit between their leadership practices, social enterprises and the Vietnamese societal ecosystem. Results from semi-structured go-along interviews foreground the importance of fit between the societal eco-system, key cultural values and relational practices, entrepreneur leadership and the structure and functioning of social enterprises in achieving their pro-social missions. This article contributes to emerging literature on the sustainability of social enterprises in emerging economies and is currently being drawn upon in the development of policy responses in Vietnam. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Sustainability)

22 pages, 1375 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Breaking Down the Barriers: Exploring the Role of Collaboration in the Forestry Sector of South East England

by Caroline Greenslade, Richard J. Murphy, Stephen Morse and Geoffrey H. Griffiths

Sustainability 2021, 13(18), 10258; https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810258 - 14 Sep 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2146

Abstract

The forestry supply chain in the southeast of England is characterized by a diverse set of independent businesses and a sector strongly driven by personal connections and trust. Yet, the opportunity exists to increase the amount of wood product through bringing currently unmanaged [...] Read more.

The forestry supply chain in the southeast of England is characterized by a diverse set of independent businesses and a sector strongly driven by personal connections and trust. Yet, the opportunity exists to increase the amount of wood product through bringing currently unmanaged woodlands to the market, a result that should have environmental as well as economic benefits. Previous research has indicated that agents play a key linking role between woodland owners and contractors, offering services ranging from consultancy support, grant aid access, and the writing of management plans to the scheduling and delivery of thinning and felling activity, with a unique and important position in the sector in terms of facilitating change. This study, through interviews with 18 woodland agents, was designed to explore collaboration across the sector. The results suggest that current levels of collaboration are low and use predominantly horizontal mechanisms, focusing on information sharing rather than joint operation. This is despite a positive market opportunity and a growth aspiration, as well as an enthusiasm for increased collaboration that is particularly prevalent in smaller businesses. Four main features of the sector are limiting the amount of collaboration: a traditional handshake culture strongly embedded within rural life; the construct, mechanisms, and frameworks of the sector; the value set of those operating at this critical juncture of supply and demand; and the lack of positive examples of collaboration. Higher levels of collaboration were seen by woodland agents to be positive for increasing the sustainable and productive management of woodlands but achieving this will be challenging to established practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Sustainability)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

24 pages, 1449 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Prospective Social Life Cycle Assessment (sLCA) of Electricity Generation from Municipal Solid Waste in Nigeria

by Oluwaseun Nubi, Stephen Morse and Richard J. Murphy

Sustainability 2021, 13(18), 10177; https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810177 - 11 Sep 2021

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4186

Abstract

This research assesses the social impacts that could arise from the potential waste-to-energy (WtE) generation of electricity from municipal solid waste (MSW) in the cities of Lagos and Abuja in Nigeria. Social life cycle assessment (sLCA) was the main analytical approach used coupled [...] Read more.

This research assesses the social impacts that could arise from the potential waste-to-energy (WtE) generation of electricity from municipal solid waste (MSW) in the cities of Lagos and Abuja in Nigeria. Social life cycle assessment (sLCA) was the main analytical approach used coupled with a participatory approach to identify relevant social issues to serve as the potential sLCA impact ‘subcategories’. Focus group research in both cities led to the identification of 11 social issues that were transformed into social impact subcategories with appropriate indicators for the sLCA. These were populated with data from a questionnaire-based survey with approximately 140 stakeholders. The results indicated that the impact subcategories “Improved Electricity Supply” and “Income” were ranked respectively as having the most and the least significant social impacts associated with the potential adoption of WtE in these two cities in Nigeria. Overall, the research showed that the expected social impact was higher for WtE electricity generation in Lagos than in Abuja. This difference may be related to the higher population and greater amounts of waste in Lagos and its position as a hub for many of the country’s commercial and industrial activities which have long been affected by inadequate electricity supply. This study also provides an example of the use of participatory processes as an important approach in sLCA for the elucidation of social issues that are directly pertinent to key local perspectives when considering such technology implementations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Sustainability)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 1593 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Three E’s Revisited: How Do Community-Based Organizations Define Sustainable Communities and Their Role in Pursuit of?

by Tony G. Reames and Nathaniel S. Wright

Sustainability 2021, 13(16), 8825; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168825 - 6 Aug 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5081

Abstract

A sustainable community seeks to protect and enhance the environment, meet social needs, and promote economic success. On average, local governments lack meaningfully connecting their environmental and economic sustainability efforts to equity and social justice. Community-based organizations (CBOs) have emerged as local leaders [...] Read more.

A sustainable community seeks to protect and enhance the environment, meet social needs, and promote economic success. On average, local governments lack meaningfully connecting their environmental and economic sustainability efforts to equity and social justice. Community-based organizations (CBOs) have emerged as local leaders with a growing capacity for pursuing community sustainability. Based on data from a national survey National Community Action Partnership member organizations, this study explores (1) how CBO leaders define sustainable communities; (2) how important each of the three pillars of sustainability are to their mission; and (3) with what organizations do CBOs collaborate in their pursuit of sustainable communities. A content analysis of responses to an open-ended query to define sustainable communities revealed a significant focus on the social equity pillar of sustainability which is closely linked to economic sustainability. Similarly, CBO leaders ranked social equity and economic sustainability as the highest priority for their core mission. Lastly, CBO leaders heavily engaged in local collaboration in their sustainable community efforts. Therefore, serious pursuit of sustainable cities and communities must shift from a go-at-it-alone, centralized government approach to more inclusive, collaborative efforts that take advantage of the economic-social equity sustainability focus of CBOs in both planning and implementation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Sustainability)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 1180 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Gender Wage Gaps in Brazilian Companies Listed in the Ibovespa Index: A Critical Analysis

by Gustavo Tietz Cazeri, Izabela Simon Rampasso, Walter Leal Filho, Osvaldo Luiz Gonçalves Quelhas, Milena Pavan Serafim and Rosley Anholon

Sustainability 2021, 13(12), 6571; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126571 - 9 Jun 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3341

Abstract

This article aims to perform a critical analysis of wage gaps according to gender from information provided by sustainability reports that were disseminated by Brazilian companies listed in the Ibovespa index. To conduct this analysis, bibliographic research was performed, followed by a deductive [...] Read more.

This article aims to perform a critical analysis of wage gaps according to gender from information provided by sustainability reports that were disseminated by Brazilian companies listed in the Ibovespa index. To conduct this analysis, bibliographic research was performed, followed by a deductive content analysis of sustainability reports from Brazilian companies listed in the Ibovespa index, considering item 405-2 of the Global Reporting Initiative standard. From this analysis, it was possible to show that only some companies disseminate detailed information related to the gender wage ratio. Many companies do not present this data or present it superficially. The findings of this research present important insights that may be used to motivate debates on the topic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Sustainability)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research

12 pages, 404 KiB

Open AccessReview

Towards Personal Sustainability: Renewal as an Antidote to Stress

by Udayan Dhar, Han Liu and Richard E. Boyatzis

Sustainability 2021, 13(17), 9945; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179945 - 4 Sep 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3539

Abstract

Research about stress management has traditionally focused on reducing possible stressors. However, more recent studies have highlighted the importance of renewal as an antidote to stress. The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical explanation of how renewal activities can invoke [...] Read more.

Research about stress management has traditionally focused on reducing possible stressors. However, more recent studies have highlighted the importance of renewal as an antidote to stress. The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical explanation of how renewal activities can invoke a psycho-physiological response that enhances personal sustainability. By drawing upon recent evidence from the fields of medicine, psychology, and management, we developed a conceptual understanding of how renewal activities are characterized by the movement of the individual from a negative to a positive psycho-physiological state. Such a transition happens over a tipping point, which people can enact in themselves and in others through emotional and social intelligence competencies. We illustrate this proposition with the specific case of ideal self-based coaching in the workplace that can enhance personal sustainability among both leaders and their team members. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Sustainability)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 8188 KiB

Open AccessReview

Synergistic Interactions of SDGs in Food Supply Chains: A Review of Responsible Consumption and Production

by Jubin Jacob-John, Clare D’Souza, Tim Marjoribanks and Stephen Singaraju

Sustainability 2021, 13(16), 8809; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13168809 - 6 Aug 2021

Cited by 29 | Viewed by 7737

Abstract

In light of the significance of Food Supply Chains (FSCs) in attaining the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a greater focus on synergistic interactions between these SDGs is called for. Although there is research within this area, the impact on the [...] Read more.

In light of the significance of Food Supply Chains (FSCs) in attaining the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a greater focus on synergistic interactions between these SDGs is called for. Although there is research within this area, the impact on the interactions of responsible consumption and production for supply chains is either fragmented or inconclusive. Implementing supply chain solutions to achieve one goal could potentially support or inhibit progress in other goals; thus, before implementing such solutions, a better understanding of the interrelationships between SDGs is required. A systematic review is conducted to evidence the current nature of the understanding of these interrelationships within the food supply chain context by focusing on Responsible Consumption and Production, which refers to SDG number 12. This review is conducted through a filtering process, where 171 peer-reviewed articles addressing different SDGs were analysed and synthesized. In addition to a detailed summary of the recent literature on the SDGs and their interrelationships, as addressed in the literature, this paper establishes the limitations in the existing literature and research challenges surrounding the SDGs. This article contributes a conceptual framework that identifies stakeholder and consumer pressures as enablers of synergistic interactions between SDGs, thus directing managerial and regulatory interventions through a holistic perspective of SDGs. Finally, the review discusses contradictory findings on SDGs and provides future research avenues. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social Sustainability)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Social Sustainability

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

Published Papers (21 papers)

Research

Review

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI