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Risk Assessment and Sustainable Disaster Management
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Risk Assessment and Sustainable Disaster Management

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Hazards and Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (23 May 2022) | Viewed by 49035

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Ghassan Beydoun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Information, Systems and Modelling, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
Interests: information systems methodologies; agent-based modelling; artificial intelligence; disaster management; requirements engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Siti Hajar Othman

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Computing, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, Malaysia
Interests: disaster management; risk management; security management; digital forensic; cyber threat intelligence; cybersecurity; conceptual modelling; metamodeling; ontology; knowledge graph; blockchain
Dr. Dedi I. Inan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Engineering, Engineering Department, Universitas Papua, Papua Bar. 98314, Indonesia
Interests: disaster management; knowledge management; information systems; decision support systems in disaster management; mobile health; technology adoption and its continuance usage
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The objective of this Special Issue “Risk Assessment and Sustainable Disaster Management” is to elicit papers related to sustainable risk assessment and disaster management topics. It aims to encourage a perspective of sustainability in dealing with disaster management. Sustainable development covers environmental, social, and economic dimensions and requires a multi-disciplinary approach in order to examine, explore, and critically engage with issues and advances in these and related areas. Strategies, methods, and technologies for mitigating, preparing, responding, and recovering from various kinds of disasters (including natural and technological/man made) are needed in order to achieve the goal of sustainability and sustainable development and at the same time enhance our disaster management practices. Besides covering the main issues of sustainable risk assessment and disaster management, other areas covered include disaster management sustainability, sustainable risk assessment of natural or technological disasters, risk assessment of disaster management policies and regulations, disaster management governance and sustainability, general disaster management risk assessment, and other related topics.

Potential topics include (but are not limited to):

  • Modelling DM knowledge for sustainable development
  • Sustainable development and DM
  • Decision modelling frameworks in DM within sustainable development
  • Emergency management requirement analysis, modeling, and design
  • Disaster management services interoperability
  • Sustainable regulatory aspects of disaster management and IS
  • Human behavior for sustainable emergency management
  • Stakeholder modelling for sustainable DM
  • Prevention, preparation, response, and recovery

The venue is a peer-reviewed international and open access scientific journal that publishes articles and communications in the cross-disciplinary area of sustainability and sustainable development. Sustainability has high visibility and is indexed in Clarivate Analytics (prior Thomson Reuters) Science Citation Index Expanded and the Social Sciences Citation Index database. Papers selected for this Special Issue were subject to a rigorous peer review procedure with the aim of rapid and wide dissemination of research results, developments, and applications.

Prof. Dr. Ghassan Beydoun
Dr. Siti Hajar Othman
Dr. Dedi I. Inan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • disaster management
  • sustainability
  • disaster management decision support systems
  • risk assessment
  • technological disasters
  • natural disasters
  • disaster management policies and regulations
  • disaster management governance
  • knowledge management

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Published Papers (15 papers)

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Editorial

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5 pages, 180 KiB  
Editorial
Risk Assessment and Sustainable Disaster Management
by Dedi I. Inan, Ghassan Beydoun and Siti Hajar Othman
Sustainability 2023, 15(6), 5254; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065254 - 16 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3330
Abstract
A risk assessment is a process of identifying potential risks and hazards, evaluating the likelihood and impact of these risks, and developing strategies to manage these risks across all disaster management (DM) phases: prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery (PPRR) [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment and Sustainable Disaster Management)

Research

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20 pages, 9794 KiB  
Article
Urban Surface Deformation Management: Assessing Dangerous Subsidence Areas through Regional Surface Deformation, Natural Factors, and Human Activities
by Bo Hu, Bangxin Chen, Jing Na, Jianqun Yao, Zhimin Zhang and Xiangfeng Du
Sustainability 2022, 14(17), 10487; https://doi.org/10.3390/su141710487 - 23 Aug 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1821
Abstract
Geological disasters caused by surface deformation are common, especially in urban areas, which seriously impede urbanization’s sustainable development. Monitoring and analysis with high spatial and temporal resolution are particularly important to assess the risk of geological disasters caused by urban deformation. This study [...] Read more.
Geological disasters caused by surface deformation are common, especially in urban areas, which seriously impede urbanization’s sustainable development. Monitoring and analysis with high spatial and temporal resolution are particularly important to assess the risk of geological disasters caused by urban deformation. This study uses Sentinel-1A satellite imagery to obtain the surface deformation time series of Nanchang City based on SBAS-InSAR and PS-InSAR techniques and is combined with wavelet period analysis and gray correlation analysis to determine the correlation between deformation area and climate environment. This study shows that there was a large-scale subsidence trend in the central urban area of Nanchang in those two years, and an uplift trend in the agro-ecological areas in the southeast. A periodic analysis further shows that the areas with larger changes in surface deformation are more affected by changes in precipitation. This study, integrated with external data, examines the possibility of subsidence disasters occurring along subway lines in areas with large deformation magnitudes from multiple angles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment and Sustainable Disaster Management)
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18 pages, 557 KiB  
Article
Status and Individual View toward Lightning among University Students of Bangladesh
by Md Mostafizur Rahman, Irtifa Alam Nabila, Mohammed Sadman Sakib, Nusrat Jahan Silvia, Muhammad Abdullahil Galib, Ifta Alam Shobuj, Lamia Hasan, Musabber Ali Chisty, Farzana Rahman, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam, Hussein Almohamad, Motrih Al-Mutiry and Hazem Ghassan Abdo
Sustainability 2022, 14(15), 9314; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159314 - 29 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2423
Abstract
Bangladesh has seen a significant number of fatalities and injuries related to lightning in the past few years, which indicates that lightning has become a deadly hazard. This cross-sectional study aims to determine university students’ self-rated status about lightning. Additionally, it evaluates these [...] Read more.
Bangladesh has seen a significant number of fatalities and injuries related to lightning in the past few years, which indicates that lightning has become a deadly hazard. This cross-sectional study aims to determine university students’ self-rated status about lightning. Additionally, it evaluates these students’ views toward lightning through knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP). A total of 1274 university students participated in an online KAP survey. Where appropriate, the Kruskal–Wallis or Mann–Whitney U test, Spearman’s rank correlation, and logistic regression models were performed. About 90% of university students perceive lightning as a dangerous event, and 38% rated their places unsafe. More than half of the survey population reported frequent lightning; most (84%) did not have lightning safety precautions, and a small portion (26%) received warning messages. Individuals encountering frequent lightning consider lightning-prone areas much more dangerous compared to the individuals encountering occasional lightning. Students living in tin sheds assessed lightning as a dangerous event (4.78 ± 0.53) and having unsafe surroundings (2.44 ± 0.98). Many individuals have enough knowledge (63%), developed positive attitudes (93%), and effective preventative practices (77%). The logistic regression analysis indicated that having adequate information and a good attitude can assist individuals in practicing lightning safety; also, student’s Gender, living with family, residential unit, university type, study year, major field, and having lightning-related subjects in university curricula as significant predictors. Females demonstrated better lightning practice than males. Additionally, lightning-related courses in university curricula are critical for educating students about lightning. Behavioral improvements among these students will require substantial lightning campaign actions coupled with effective education. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment and Sustainable Disaster Management)
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23 pages, 7285 KiB  
Article
Implication of Mutual Assistance Evacuation Model to Reduce the Volcanic Risk for Vulnerable Society: Insight from Mount Merapi, Indonesia
by Faizul Chasanah and Hiroyuki Sakakibara
Sustainability 2022, 14(13), 8110; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138110 - 2 Jul 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3182
Abstract
The successful evacuation of vulnerable people during emergencies is a significant challenge. In the case of a Mount Merapi eruption, limited private vehicles in the community and a lack of evacuation transport and government volunteers led some people to walk to the meeting [...] Read more.
The successful evacuation of vulnerable people during emergencies is a significant challenge. In the case of a Mount Merapi eruption, limited private vehicles in the community and a lack of evacuation transport and government volunteers led some people to walk to the meeting area. Consequently, low walking speeds by vulnerable persons may increase the risk and delay. Therefore, the mutual assistance strategy is proposed to support vulnerable people by evacuating them with young people. This grouping was simulated using an AnyLogic software with the agent-based model concept. Pedestrians and vehicles played the roles of significant agents in this experiment. Evacuation departure rate, actual walking speed, group size, route, and coordination were crucial agent parameters. Human behavior and agent distribution were investigated using stakeholders and local community interviews. We measured the walking speed directly to find the independent and group speed. Afterward, we developed three scenarios and models for the evacuation process. A traffic approach was used in the simulation. The results revealed that this mutual assistance model is effective for the rapid evacuation and risk reduction of vulnerable communities where successful evacuation rates have improved. The highest arrival rating was obtained by the Model 3, which was assembled and well-coordinated from home. These findings are a novelty in the volcano context and reflect all categories of vulnerable behavior involving the elderly, disabled, children, and pregnant mothers. The model will benefit disaster management studies and authorities’ policies for sustainable evacuation planning and aging population mitigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment and Sustainable Disaster Management)
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22 pages, 1658 KiB  
Article
Developing Reusable COVID-19 Disaster Management Plans Using Agent-Based Analysis
by Dedi I. Inan, Ghassan Beydoun, Siti Hajar Othman, Biswajeet Pradhan and Simon Opper
Sustainability 2022, 14(12), 6981; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14126981 - 7 Jun 2022
Viewed by 1759
Abstract
Since late 2019, the COVID-19 biological disaster has informed us once again that, essentially, learning from best practices from past experiences is envisaged as the top strategy to develop disaster management (DM) resilience. Particularly in Indonesia, however, DM activities are challenging, since we [...] Read more.
Since late 2019, the COVID-19 biological disaster has informed us once again that, essentially, learning from best practices from past experiences is envisaged as the top strategy to develop disaster management (DM) resilience. Particularly in Indonesia, however, DM activities are challenging, since we have not experienced such a disaster, implying that the related knowledge is not available. The existing DM knowledge written down during activities is generally structured as in a typical government document, which is not easy to comprehend by stakeholders. This paper therefore sets out to develop an Indonesia COVID-19 Disaster Management Plan (DISPLAN) template, employing an Agent-Based Knowledge Analysis Framework. The framework allows the complexities to be parsed before depositing them into a unified repository, facilitating sharing, reusing, and a better decision-making system. It also can instantiate any DISPLAN for lower administration levels, provincial and regency, to harmonise holistic DM activities. With Design Science Research (DSR) guiding these processes, once the plan is developed, we successfully evaluate it with a real case study of the Manokwari Regency. To ensure its effectivity and usability, we also conduct a post-evaluation with two authorities who are highly involved in the Indonesia task force at the regency level. The results from this post-evaluation are highly promising. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment and Sustainable Disaster Management)
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15 pages, 7537 KiB  
Article
Validation of an Empirical Model with Risk Assessment Functionalities to Simulate and Evaluate the Tailings Dam Failure in Brumadinho
by Torben Dedring, Valerie Graw, Kristina Thygesen and Andreas Rienow
Sustainability 2022, 14(11), 6681; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116681 - 30 May 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2507
Abstract
The failure of tailings dams causes ecological damage and economic loss and can cause casualties. The simulation of the tailings’ spill path in the event of tailings dam failures (TDFs) can mitigate the risk by the provision of spatial information for disaster prevention [...] Read more.
The failure of tailings dams causes ecological damage and economic loss and can cause casualties. The simulation of the tailings’ spill path in the event of tailings dam failures (TDFs) can mitigate the risk by the provision of spatial information for disaster prevention and preparedness. In order to close the gap between basic one-dimensional spill-path routing models and complex numerical models, this paper examines an empirical model based on the freely available Laharz model. The model incorporates a tailings-specific planimetric area regression from the literature to describe the spatial extent of tailings flows based on the released volume. By providing information about affected residents and infrastructure, such a model can be used for preliminary risk evaluation. The model was validated against the TDF in Brumadinho (2019) and reached hit rates of over 80%, critical success indices of approximately 60% and false alarm ratios of roughly 30%. The latter is particularly evident in the overestimation of the lower part of the tailings flow. The risk assessment identified 120 affected residents, 117 destroyed buildings (109 reported) and several kilometres of affected roads (1.9 km) and railway (2.75 km). However, the OpenStreetMap-based part of the risk assessment inherits some uncertainties to be investigated in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment and Sustainable Disaster Management)
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22 pages, 830 KiB  
Article
Earthquake Vulnerability Reduction by Building a Robust Social-Emotional Preparedness Program
by Shira Daskal, Adar Ben-Eliyahu, Gal Levy, Yakov Ben-Haim and Ronnen Avny
Sustainability 2022, 14(10), 5763; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105763 - 10 May 2022
Viewed by 4314
Abstract
Despite the progress made in understanding the characteristics of earthquakes, the predictions of earthquake activity are still inevitably very uncertain, mainly because of the highly complex nature of the earthquake process. The population′s mental strength is of high importance not only to cope [...] Read more.
Despite the progress made in understanding the characteristics of earthquakes, the predictions of earthquake activity are still inevitably very uncertain, mainly because of the highly complex nature of the earthquake process. The population′s mental strength is of high importance not only to cope with an earthquake, but also to return quickly to functioning. Social-emotional preparedness for extreme adverse events and crises is a critical factor in the population’s quick recovery and return to full functioning. In the present study, we apply a multi-disciplinary lens to extend the scope of earthquake preparedness to include social-emotional programs. The goal of this study is to develop a robust “no-regret” social-emotional preparedness program (SEPP) along with methodological tools for evaluating the SEPP robustness against uncertainty in different earthquake scenarios. The research methodology is twofold. First, we develop the SEPP based on social-emotional proxies-for-robustness, and second, we apply the info-gap decision theory (IGDT) methods to assess the robustness of the SEPP in the face of uncertainty in different earthquake scenarios. The findings indicate gaps between the level of robustness of the SEPP in different scenarios. A key conclusion that emerges from this study is the need for a robust SEPP to make a significant contribution to the population’s ability to return to functioning. Such SEPP should be formulated to maximize the robustness against uncertainty in different scenarios, rather than the traditional planning based on a ‘one size fits all’ approach. Formulating a robust SEPP by analyzing the robustness of the SEPP against uncertainty will enable to make decisions immune to surprises. Ways to create or improve earthquake preparedness are suggested for policy and in-school application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment and Sustainable Disaster Management)
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20 pages, 898 KiB  
Article
A Structured Review of Emotional Barriers to WASH Provision for Schoolgirls Post-Disaster
by Margarita Garfias Royo, Elinor Parrott, Emily-Marie Pacheco, Imaduddin Ahmed, Ella Meilianda, Intan Kumala, Rina Suryani Oktari, Helene Joffe and Priti Parikh
Sustainability 2022, 14(4), 2471; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042471 - 21 Feb 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4361
Abstract
Pubescent girls face unique emotional barriers to returning to school after a disaster concerning water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). This paper explores themes of WASH, gender violence, the lack of dignity and sense of shame arising from inadequate WASH facilities for girls in [...] Read more.
Pubescent girls face unique emotional barriers to returning to school after a disaster concerning water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). This paper explores themes of WASH, gender violence, the lack of dignity and sense of shame arising from inadequate WASH facilities for girls in disaster settings. We conducted a structured literature review of 126 sources to investigate the emotional constraints facing pubescent girls concerning WASH in schools in Indonesia, a region prone to frequent disasters. Findings are synthesised into four major themes: psychological experiences of WASH, challenges faced by girls in schools, barriers to inclusive WASH provision and how to create a holistic approach to WASH. Key conclusions include the need for interdisciplinary research, cross sectoral collaboration, more evidence and research in Indonesia, especially regarding menstrual hygiene management, improved toilet design to reduce the physical barriers linked to emotional barriers and inclusive design for those with disabilities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment and Sustainable Disaster Management)
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25 pages, 9119 KiB  
Article
Development and Simulation of Cyberdisaster Situation Awareness Models
by Nungky Awang Chandra, Anak Agung Putri Ratna and Kalamullah Ramli
Sustainability 2022, 14(3), 1133; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031133 - 19 Jan 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2310
Abstract
Cyberdisasters require an organization’s disaster team to be prepared. Disaster events are difficult to predict, but the impact of this risk on an organization is large. However, organizations sometimes struggle in being prepared for disaster situations. Here, awareness of disaster situations when analysing [...] Read more.
Cyberdisasters require an organization’s disaster team to be prepared. Disaster events are difficult to predict, but the impact of this risk on an organization is large. However, organizations sometimes struggle in being prepared for disaster situations. Here, awareness of disaster situations when analysing priority disasters (e.g., earthquakes and pandemics) and how to mitigate them can help an organization’s preparedness. Mitigation scenarios need to be determined and simulated so that a disaster team is ready to face disaster. Using Endsley’s situational awareness model and a tabletop exercise, this study aimed to help a disaster team determine cyberdisaster risk priority and assess a team’s preparedness for dealing with a cyberdisaster. The situation awareness model was divided into two stages: awareness of cyberdisaster situations and tabletop evaluations. Awareness of a disaster situation was carried out by determining the highest priority for disaster risk using the fuzzy failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) method. The results of the first study show that the high-risk category contains ransomware attacks during pandemics and earthquakes. The second study performed a tabletop simulation questionnaire survey of earthquakes and ransomware attacks during a pandemic for several disaster teams with 152 respondents. The results of the survey evaluation of the earthquakes and ransomware attacks simulation survey show that the effect factors of cyberdisaster simulation decisions are 95% system capability (p < 0.05), 90% knowledge (p < 0.05), and 90% awareness of a disaster situation (p < 0.05); these factors show the effect of a disaster team’s decision during a tabletop simulation. The novelty of this research lies in building a model for how an organizational process determines the priority of a cyberdisaster tabletop simulation and the factors that contribute to increasing a disaster team’s awareness in dealing with cyberattacks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment and Sustainable Disaster Management)
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16 pages, 4330 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Humanitarian Aid Distribution in Case of an Earthquake and Tsunami in the City of Iquique, Chile
by Antonia Ilabaca, Germán Paredes-Belmar and Pamela P. Alvarez
Sustainability 2022, 14(2), 819; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020819 - 12 Jan 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2547
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce, model, and solve a clustered resource allocation and routing problem for humanitarian aid distribution in the event of an earthquake and subsequent tsunami. First, for the preparedness stage, we build a set of clusters to identify, classify, sort, [...] Read more.
In this paper, we introduce, model, and solve a clustered resource allocation and routing problem for humanitarian aid distribution in the event of an earthquake and subsequent tsunami. First, for the preparedness stage, we build a set of clusters to identify, classify, sort, focus, and prioritize the aid distribution. The clusters are built with k-means method and a modified version of the capacitated p-median model. Each cluster has a set of beneficiaries and candidate delivery aid points. Second, vehicle routes are strategically determined to visit the clusters for the response stage. A mixed integer linear programming model is presented to determine efficient vehicle routes, minimizing the aid distribution times. A vulnerability index is added to our model to prioritize aid distribution. A case study is solved for the city of Iquique, Chile. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment and Sustainable Disaster Management)
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29 pages, 3595 KiB  
Article
The Casualty Stabilization–Transportation Problem in a Large-Scale Disaster
by Andrés Bronfman, Diego Beneventti G., Pamela P. Alvarez, Samantha Reid and Germán Paredes-Belmar
Sustainability 2022, 14(2), 621; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020621 - 6 Jan 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3155
Abstract
We address the problem of picking up, stabilizing, and transporting casualties in response to mass-injury disasters. Our proposed methodology establishes the itinerary for collecting, on-site stabilization, and transporting victims considering capacitated vehicles and medical care centers. Unlike previous works, we minimize the time [...] Read more.
We address the problem of picking up, stabilizing, and transporting casualties in response to mass-injury disasters. Our proposed methodology establishes the itinerary for collecting, on-site stabilization, and transporting victims considering capacitated vehicles and medical care centers. Unlike previous works, we minimize the time required to achieve on-site stabilization of each victim according to his age and level of severity of the injuries for their subsequent transfer to specialized medical centers. Thus, more critical patients will be the first to be stabilized, maximizing their chances of survival. In our methodology, the victims’ age, the injuries’ severity level, and their deterioration over time are considered critical factors in prioritizing care for each victim. We tested our approach using simulated earthquake scenarios in the city of Iquique, Chile, with multiple injuries. The results show that explicitly considering the on-site stabilization of the vital functions of the prioritized victims as an objective, before their transfer to a specialized medical center, allows treating and stabilizing patients earlier than with traditional objectives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment and Sustainable Disaster Management)
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25 pages, 10215 KiB  
Article
A Periodic Assessment System for Urban Safety and Security Considering Multiple Hazards Based on WebGIS
by Xuexi Chen, Guohua Chen, Qin Yang, Jialing Li, Zhi Yuan and Saihua Jiang
Sustainability 2021, 13(24), 13993; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413993 - 18 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2865
Abstract
With the frequent occurrence of various disasters and accidents, realizing the periodic assessment and visualization of urban safety and security considering multiple hazards is of great significance for safe urban development. In this paper, a periodic assessment system is developed for urban safety [...] Read more.
With the frequent occurrence of various disasters and accidents, realizing the periodic assessment and visualization of urban safety and security considering multiple hazards is of great significance for safe urban development. In this paper, a periodic assessment system is developed for urban safety and security considering multiple hazards, based on WebGIS. This system consists of an assessment module, a visualization module, and an assistant module that integrates the assessment model to process the assessment data quickly and realizes the visualization of a thematic map and data statistics for rationalizing assessment results. The assessment of a typical urban area was carried out to prove that the created system can effectively conduct periodic assessments and support single-hazard and multi-hazard analysis and auxiliary decision-making. This system can be applied to the grid management and periodic assessment of urban areas at different levels, with high expansibility and application value. It can also help to promote the sustainable construction of a safe and smart city. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment and Sustainable Disaster Management)
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22 pages, 2032 KiB  
Article
Development of a Local, Integrated Disaster Risk Assessment Framework for Malaysia
by Muhammad Wafiy Adli Ramli, Nor Eliza Alias, Halimah Mohd Yusof, Zulkifli Yusop and Shazwin Mat Taib
Sustainability 2021, 13(19), 10792; https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910792 - 28 Sep 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4578
Abstract
This study developed an integrated disaster risk assessment framework (IDRAF) to measure disaster risk at the local administrative boundaries in Malaysia. The proposed framework can enhance government effort for disaster risk reduction by implementing an integrated disaster risk framework and guiding decision makers [...] Read more.
This study developed an integrated disaster risk assessment framework (IDRAF) to measure disaster risk at the local administrative boundaries in Malaysia. The proposed framework can enhance government effort for disaster risk reduction by implementing an integrated disaster risk framework and guiding decision makers to properly evaluate and analyze risk for mitigation, preparedness, and planning. The framework was developed, expanding from the multi-hazard spatial overlapping and Methods for the Improvement of Vulnerability Assessment in Europe (MOVE) theoretical framework. There are five significant phases to develop this framework: problem formulation, data collection, multi-hazard characterization, multi-dimensional vulnerability characterization, and weightage determination. The IDRAF proposed for Malaysia consists of eight hazards and six vulnerability dimensions, which consist of 16 factors (or vulnerability group) and 54 indicators. The multi-hazard characterization has two components: frequency of occurrence and spatial interaction. The multidimensional vulnerability characterization reduces vulnerability indicators using principal component analysis (PCA). Measuring integrated risk is an effective strategy at the local level or national level to assess the potential disaster impacts in detail and accurately. This study will offer explicit knowledge and boost community competency, creating techniques and tools to analyze various risk factors and vulnerability indicators for decision makers and practitioners. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment and Sustainable Disaster Management)
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15 pages, 2864 KiB  
Article
A Study on the Development of Reduction Facilities’ Management Standards for Agricultural Drainage for Disaster Reduction
by Youngseok Song and Moojong Park
Sustainability 2021, 13(17), 9595; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179595 - 26 Aug 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2129
Abstract
The agricultural drainage in rural area plays important roles in water supply and drainage for crop cultivation. Various kinds of debris near agricultural drainage, however, causes sedimentation in the drainage during rainfall. The debris introduced into the agricultural drainage moves out of the [...] Read more.
The agricultural drainage in rural area plays important roles in water supply and drainage for crop cultivation. Various kinds of debris near agricultural drainage, however, causes sedimentation in the drainage during rainfall. The debris introduced into the agricultural drainage moves out of the drainage under a high flow rate. This causes a reduction in the flow rate, which may affect the discharge capacity, resulting in crop damage. This study developed a reduction facility to reduce debris entering agricultural drainage and analyzed the performance by measuring the capture efficacy in the hydraulic experiment. A total of 648 runs were performed for 216 experiment conditions where three replications and error ranges were calculated depending on the inflow characteristics of debris. This study also evaluated the performance of the reduction facility and established the design criteria by developing a capture efficacy equation by flow rate and type of reduction facility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment and Sustainable Disaster Management)
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Review

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17 pages, 3120 KiB  
Review
Indonesia’s Climate-Related Disasters and Health Adaptation Policy in the Build-Up to COP26 and Beyond
by Rina Suryani Oktari, Febi Dwirahmadi, Connie Cai Ru Gan, Kristin Darundiyah, Pratomo Cahyo Nugroho, Arif Wibowo and Cordia Chu
Sustainability 2022, 14(2), 1006; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14021006 - 17 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4063
Abstract
In recent years, Indonesia has experienced rapid increases in severe climate-related disasters have dramatically impacted populations unevenly; the poor and the vulnerable populations are most affected, and adaptive measures are urgently needed to protect and mitigate the impact on their health. However, very [...] Read more.
In recent years, Indonesia has experienced rapid increases in severe climate-related disasters have dramatically impacted populations unevenly; the poor and the vulnerable populations are most affected, and adaptive measures are urgently needed to protect and mitigate the impact on their health. However, very little is known about the existing measures addressing climate-related disasters and health impacts among vulnerable groups. WHO established a Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management framework to urge governments and relevant actors to systematically collect evidence to develop science-based feasible adaptive strategies for priority groups. This study used scoping review methods to identify the action areas of Health-EDRM in policy documents in Indonesia, its content, and any potential gaps that require further study. The results from the documents’ review were then reported and discussed at a national stakeholder consultation meeting. This study has identified several achievements, lessons learned, and challenges from strategies and policies for health adaptation in facing climate-related disasters in Indonesia. This study also proposed strategies and recommendations to support mobilizing and accelerating health adaptation actions towards climate-related disasters in Indonesia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risk Assessment and Sustainable Disaster Management)
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