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Sustainability
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Sustainable Development and Research in Migrations and Skills
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Sustainable Development and Research in Migrations and Skills

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 19937

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Nuno Crespo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
BRU–IUL (Business Research Unit), ISCTE Business School Economics Department, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE – IUL), Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: international economics; macroeconomics; health economics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Nádia Simões

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Economics, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: personnel economics; human capital; education; job quality; entrepreneurship; bibliometrics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue will comprise a selection of papers that relate migrations flows and skills. Migration has been a hot topic in the agendas of international organizations and also national policy makers. These kinds of flows have a myriad effects on the origin and destination countries. We are interested in scientific research that covers (but is not limited to) the following topics:

  • The geographies of migration flows according to skill level;
  • Effects of different types of drivers on the patterns of migration flows (e.g., social, economic, and environmental, among others);
  • Differences between developed and developing countries;
  • Effects in the destination country namely in the labor market and also broader social outcomes;
  • How migrants’ skills are developed, used, and valued in the destination country;
  • Policies/initiatives developed to facilitate the integration of migrants;
  • The role of the internationalization of higher education in fostering students flows.

Contributions from different scientific fields are welcomed. Papers selected for this Special Issue will be subject to a rigorous peer review procedure with the aim of rapid and wide dissemination of research results, developments, and applications.

Dr. Nuno Crespo
Prof. Dr. Nádia Simões
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • migration
  • skills
  • host country
  • origin country
  • higher education
  • labor market
  • returns
  • brain drain
  • policies

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 1158 KiB  
Article
Skilled Migrants in the Swedish Labour Market: An Analysis of Employment, Income and Occupational Status
by Nahikari Irastorza and Pieter Bevelander
Sustainability 2021, 13(6), 3428; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063428 - 19 Mar 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5305
Abstract
In a globalised world with an increasing division of labour, the competition for highly skilled individuals—regardless of their origin—is growing, as is the value of such individuals for national economies. Yet the majority of studies analysing the economic integration of immigrants shows that [...] Read more.
In a globalised world with an increasing division of labour, the competition for highly skilled individuals—regardless of their origin—is growing, as is the value of such individuals for national economies. Yet the majority of studies analysing the economic integration of immigrants shows that those who are highly skilled also have substantial hurdles to overcome: their employment rates and salaries are lower and they face a higher education-to-occupation mismatch compared to highly skilled natives. This paper contributes to the paucity of studies on the employment patterns of highly skilled immigrants to Sweden by providing an overview of the socio-demographic characteristics, labour-market participation and occupational mobility of highly educated migrants in Sweden. Based on a statistical analysis of register data, we compare their employment rates, salaries and occupational skill level and mobility to those of immigrants with lower education and with natives. The descriptive analysis of the data shows that, while highly skilled immigrants perform better than those with a lower educational level, they never catch up with their native counterparts. Our regression analyses confirm these patterns for highly skilled migrants. Furthermore, we find that reasons for migration matter for highly skilled migrants’ employment outcomes, with labour migrants having better employment rates, income and qualification-matched employment than family reunion migrants and refugees. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Development and Research in Migrations and Skills)
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18 pages, 613 KiB  
Article
German Labor Emigration in Times of Technological Change: Occupational Characteristics and Geographical Patterns
by Jean Philippe Décieux and Alexandra Mergener
Sustainability 2021, 13(3), 1219; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031219 - 25 Jan 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2417
Abstract
Technological change has altered labor market demands within well-developed societies implying global competition for skilled labor and, as a consequence, new forms of labor migration. So far, patterns of this labor migration have been underexplored. Thus, the article analyzes characteristics, geographies and possible [...] Read more.
Technological change has altered labor market demands within well-developed societies implying global competition for skilled labor and, as a consequence, new forms of labor migration. So far, patterns of this labor migration have been underexplored. Thus, the article analyzes characteristics, geographies and possible underlying drivers of workers migrating from Germany as an exemplary case for a well-developed country. Relying on probability-based and unique data, our findings reveal that, besides demand for people with higher levels of education, performing specific occupational tasks is also in demand in the global competition for talent. Hence, Germans in jobs with a high proportion of analytical non-routine tasks are more likely to emigrate than those with predominantly manual routine tasks. Moreover, the results show that global discrepancies concerning the technological development between the country of origin and the country to which they emigrate are a crucial contextual driver attracting this specifically demanded work force. Workers mainly performing analytical non-routine tasks within their job tend to move to countries which are technologically more developed than Germany while individuals performing jobs with a high share of non-routine manual or interactive tasks tend to emigrate to countries that are less technologically developed than Germany. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Development and Research in Migrations and Skills)
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31 pages, 1487 KiB  
Article
Migration Intentions of Romanian Engineering Students
by Vasile Gherheș, Gabriel-Mugurel Dragomir and Mariana Cernicova-Buca
Sustainability 2020, 12(12), 4846; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12124846 - 13 Jun 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4289
Abstract
This paper aims to diagnose Romanian engineering students in relation to their migration intentions, motivations, and destinations, and to predict the magnitude of migration in the polled population. It presents the results of a quantitative study based on a questionnaire survey consistent in [...] Read more.
This paper aims to diagnose Romanian engineering students in relation to their migration intentions, motivations, and destinations, and to predict the magnitude of migration in the polled population. It presents the results of a quantitative study based on a questionnaire survey consistent in terms of number and structure of variables and responses. The online questionnaire was self-administered by 1782 students from the five major technical Romanian universities, which are the main providers of the highly skilled labor force in the area of engineering. Regression analysis was carried out to correlate the drivers of migration and the potential for real migration. According to the results, Romanian students from technical universities are inclined to migrate in a significant proportion; the economic factor being the main migration driver. The predictive model built on the logistical regression and the collected data accounts only partially for the variations of the variable decision to migrate, so further research is needed. The analysis of the students’ mindset can prove useful to understand the future interactions between the new graduates and the labor market, to develop regional and national policies regarding human capital, and to root development plans towards sustainable economic growth in solid databases concerning the engineering profession. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Development and Research in Migrations and Skills)
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14 pages, 746 KiB  
Article
Income Differentiation as a Factor of Unsustainability in Forestry
by Mansoor Maitah, Daniel Toth, Luboš Smutka, Kamil Maitah and Veronika Jarolínová
Sustainability 2020, 12(11), 4749; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114749 - 10 Jun 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2388
Abstract
Environmental policy is a set of objectives put in place for the protection of natural resources including water, air, soil, food, and other renewable resources. In addition, it has a considerable impact on the labor market and the income of employees in the [...] Read more.
Environmental policy is a set of objectives put in place for the protection of natural resources including water, air, soil, food, and other renewable resources. In addition, it has a considerable impact on the labor market and the income of employees in the environmental and forestry sectors. Environmental policy both directly and indirectly creates new jobs, the so-called green jobs. These jobs are designed to be long-term and sustainable, working towards both environmental and socio-economic stability. The aim of the research was to determine if there was a difference in income between the forestry and the environmental policy sectors. The primary objective of this paper was to propose ideas and instruments for strengthening the income of employees in both sectors to the creators of the new State Environmental Policy. This objective was met through appropriate research methods, including the field survey technique. In terms of statistics, we used descriptive characteristics and tested the hypothesis using a T-test. The data from 70 respondents were collected from January 2019 to December 2019. Half of the respondents were from the forestry sector, and the other half worked in environmental protection. Their total income was compared by using two selective T-tests, and the results showed a strong discrepancy. The analysis indicated that the average incomes in forestry are significantly lower than incomes in the environmental protection sector (in the Czech Republic). The statistically higher income of environmental workers reflects that the State Environmental Policy is effective, which improves the position of employees in the labor market. The forestry sector deserves similar concentrated state assistance, and therefore we recommend that the new State Environmental Policy in the Czech Republic also addresses the problem of low income in forestry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Development and Research in Migrations and Skills)
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13 pages, 454 KiB  
Article
Do Immigrant Entrepreneurs Have Natural Cognitive Advantages for International Entrepreneurial Activity?
by Laura Helen Middermann
Sustainability 2020, 12(7), 2791; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072791 - 1 Apr 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4695
Abstract
Are entrepreneurs with an immigration background more willing to internationalize their entrepreneurial firms compared to their nonimmigrant peers? Previous research has already emphasized that immigrant entrepreneurs possess superior human resources and social capabilities—such as international experience, networks and language skills—that help them to [...] Read more.
Are entrepreneurs with an immigration background more willing to internationalize their entrepreneurial firms compared to their nonimmigrant peers? Previous research has already emphasized that immigrant entrepreneurs possess superior human resources and social capabilities—such as international experience, networks and language skills—that help them to better identify and evaluate international entrepreneurial opportunities. However, literature other than capability-based explanations is rare, and thus it is not yet understood in what sense immigrant entrepreneurs differ from other entrepreneurs in terms of their cognitive characteristics for international entrepreneurial activity. This study addresses this gap by involving a quantitative study of Berlin-based high-tech founding entrepreneurs to empirically investigate how immigrant entrepreneurs vary in their cognitive characteristics, and how this affects their intention to engage in international entrepreneurship. The findings show that immigrant entrepreneurs possess higher levels of proactive behavior, which lead to a more favorable evaluation of international business opportunities, and in turn positively affect the willingness to engage in international entrepreneurial activity. This contributes to a deeper understanding of immigrant entrepreneurs’ natural cognitive advantages and the role they play for entrepreneurial growth, success and national economic development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Development and Research in Migrations and Skills)
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