Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Asymmetry in Crop Plants Embryogenesis and Growth

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Life Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 4564

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Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche (DiSTABiF) dell'Università degli studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy
Interests: genetics and plant molecular physiology; plants molecular characterization; study of the events of retrotransposition; methylation and demethylation of DNA in plant genomes to understand their functional significance; effect of salt and light stresses on the retrotransposon mobilizzation in tomato and durum wheat; plants-fungi interactions and gene resistence
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Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies. University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Antonio Vivaldi, 43-81100 Caserta, Italy
Interests: genetics and plant molecular physiology; plant molecular characterization by mitochondrial and nuclear genes; effect of abiotic stresses on retrotransposon mobilization; gene stress activation; plant–fungi interactions and gene resistance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In plants, as sessile organisms, symmetry has an important meaning. Plants exhibit both radial symmetry and bilateral symmetry, often at the same time. In flowers, for example, this is an important pollination strategy. In plants, loss of symmetry can occur at the molecular, subcellular, tissue, organ, and body levels. Most of the genes known to influence asymmetry in plants appear to act indirectly in the process. The mechanisms guiding plant symmetry remain poorly understood. The identification of upstream regulators of symmetrically and asymmetrically expressed genes may offer some new important advances. Moreover, since several pieces of evidence suggest the involvement of auxin in plant asymmetry, it will be desirable to investigate its role in the activation of regulating genes and transcriptional factors involved in the process.

This Special Issue will aim to gain deep insight into mechanisms guiding plant symmetry. Further insights should also come from the molecular analysis of genes that act in a dose-dependent manner, leading to the formation of activity gradients that specify the asymmetry of lateral organs and flowers.

Dr. Loredana F. Ciarmiello
Dr. Pasqualina Woodrow
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • plant symmetry and asymmetry
  • asymmetric cell divisions
  • lateral organs and floral symmetry genes
  • transcriptional factors involved in plant symmetry
  • CYCLOIDEA
  • auxins as regulators of plant development

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

31 pages, 17655 KiB  
Article
Asymmetry of Plant Cell Divisions under Salt Stress
by Ekaterina N. Baranova and Alexander A. Gulevich
Symmetry 2021, 13(10), 1811; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13101811 - 28 Sep 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3863
Abstract
Salt stress causes several damaging effects in plant cells. These commonly observed effects are the results of oxidative, osmotic, and toxic stresses. To ensure normal growth and development of tissues, the cellular compartments of multicellular plants have a unique system that provides the [...] Read more.
Salt stress causes several damaging effects in plant cells. These commonly observed effects are the results of oxidative, osmotic, and toxic stresses. To ensure normal growth and development of tissues, the cellular compartments of multicellular plants have a unique system that provides the specified parameters of growth and differentiation. The cell shape and the direction of division support the steady development of the organism, the habit, and the typical shape of the organs and the whole plant. When dividing, daughter cells evenly or unevenly distribute the components of cytoplasm. Factors such as impaired osmotic regulation, exposure to toxic compounds, and imbalance in the antioxidant system cause disorders associated with the moving of organelles, distribution transformations of the endoplasmic reticulum, and the vacuolar compartment. In some cases, one can observe a different degree of plasmolysis manifestation, local changes in the density of cytoplasm. Together, these processes can cause disturbances in the direction of cell division, the formation of a phragmoplast, the formation of nuclei of daughter cells, and a violation of their fine structural organization. These processes are often accompanied by significant damage to the cytoskeleton, the formation of nonspecific structures formed by proteins of the cytoskeleton. The consequences of these processes can lead to the death of some cells or to a significant change in their morphology and properties, deformation of newly formed tissues and organs, and changes in the plant phenotype. Thus, as a result of significant violations of the cytoskeleton, causing critical destabilization of the symmetric distribution of the cell content, disturbances in the distribution of chromosomes, especially in polyploid cells, may occur, resulting in the appearance of micronuclei. Hence, the asymmetry of a certain component of the plant cell is a marker of susceptibility to abiotic damage. Full article
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